CT models come from the three-dimensional data of industrial CT test which contain the internal defects, and can draw the more accurate conclusion rather than some ideal models. A CT finite element geometry model of three different ceramic components, containing internal details such as inner defects, was proposed based on the CT non-destructive test. The stress distributions of ceramic components were analyzed by both an ideal finite element model and a CT finite element model. It is indicated that the STL files obtained from the industrial CT test data can be processed to obtain the geometric model to realize the finite element analysis. The results of stress distribution obtained by the fault-free CT model are similar to those obtained by the ideal model. However, the simulation data obtained by the CT model are closer to the results under the actual working conditions when there are defects or special structures.

Silicon carbide (SiC) microfiltration membranes were fabricated via dip-coating on tubular SiC supports with an average pore size of 1.4 μm with SiC powder (the average particle size of 0.8 μm) as a raw material and PMAA-NH₄ as a dispersant. The effects of pH value and dispersant amount on the stability of SiC suspensions, as well as the effects of sintering temperature and atmosphere (i.e., Air, Ar and N₂) on the properties of SiC microfiltration membranes were investigated. The results show that the stable slurry can be obtained when pH value is 10 and PMAA-NH₄ amount is 0.6% (in mass fraction). The SiC microfiltration membrane sintered in N₂ at 1 200 ℃ shows the optimized performance (i.e., the average pore size of 78 nm, the membrane thickness of 10 μm and the pure water permeability of 860 L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1).

A complex-shaped titanium carbonitride (Ti(C, N))-based cermet tool was prepared by microwave sintering. The effects of molding pressure on density distribution and residual stress of green compact, relative density, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the sintered compact tool were studied. The results indicated that a high-performance complex-shaped ceramic tool can be prepared using the combined technology of molding and microwave sintering. The density of the cutting edge was lower than that of the body of the tool. The difference increased first and then decreased with the increase in molding pressure. When the molding pressure was lower than 200 MPa, minimal differences between rake and flank faces with respect to relative density and mechanical properties were noted, while the relative density and mechanical properties of rake face were higher than that of flank face when the molding pressure was higher than 300 MPa. However, excessive molding pressure resulted in cracks within the tool. The optimal molding pressure for preparation of a Ti(C, N)-based cermet tool with three-dimensional breaker was 400 MPa.

A simple and feasible precracking method based on the strain government of ceramics to crack propagation was proposed. Three-point bending loading was carried out to prefabricate cracks in Al₂O₃, SiC and Si₃N₄ ceramic specimens by bonding the specimens with a triangular notch (crack initiation) on a metal beam to form a ductile-brittle composite beam. The specimens with different crack lengths can be controlled by adjusting the tensile zone height of ceramics. The fracture toughness of these three ceramics was measured by a single edge precracked beam method. The crack propagation process in the ceramic specimens was monitored by acoustic emission technology. The result show that this technology is easy to operate and the success rate of pre-cracking is >80%. The fracture toughness of Al₂O₃, SiC and Si₃N₄ measured is 4.45±0.41, 3.45±0.34 MPa·m^1/2 and 5.23±0.49 MPa·m^1/2, respectively.

Amorphous Si₃N₄ powders were synthesized via the pyrolysis of silicon diimide powders that were prepared by a liquid-liquid phase method. α-Si₃N₄ with a high purity was obtained by crystallizing amorphous Si₃N₄ powders at 1550 ℃. The crystallization process of amorphous Si₃N₄ with a short dendritic structure was investigated, and the influence of α-Si₃N₄ crystal seeds on the crystallization process was discussed. Si₃N₄ nuclei form on amorphous Si₃N₄ powders, and grow further into α-Si₃N₄ crystal particles. α-Si₃N₄ crystal seeds were added in amorphous Si₃N₄, which could increase the number of nuclei, and reduce the short branch structure of amorphous Si₃N₄ to accelerate the crystalline transformation from amorphous to α phase. The quality of crystal particles was improved effectively.

A black pigment of C/ZrSiO₄ was prepared by a non-hydrolytic sol gel method with zirconium tetrachloride, tetraethyl orthosilicate and phenolic resin spheres prepared by the Stöber method as zirconium, silicon and carbon sources, respectively. The morphology, structure and residual carbon rate of the phenolic resin spheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy disperse spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry. The effects of phenolic resin spheres amount and calcination temperature on the synthesis and color properties of C/ZrSiO₄ pigments were also investigated. The results show that the obtained phenolic resin spheres are well-dispersive and the average diameter is 550 nm, and they possess oxygen-containing functional groups on their surfaces and achieve a high residual carbon rate of 48.63%. The L* value of prepared C/ZrSiO₄ pigment firstly decreases and then increases with increasing the amount of phenolic resin spheres. When the amount of the phenolic resin spheres is 2% (in mass fraction) and the calcining temperature is 900 ℃, C/ZrSiO₄ pigment with a good color performance (L*=39.76, a*=0.53, b*=2.21) can be obtained. Moreover, the colored glaze samples present a good color rendering performance when applying C/ZrSiO₄ pigment in ceramic glaze calcined at 1 200 ℃. It is indicated that C/ZrSiO₄ pigment could have a promising application in coating, ceramic and glass decoration.

The chemical composition, phase, microstructure and chemical state of iron element of the celadon glazes from the Five dynasty Yaozhou kiln, Northern Song dynasty Ru kiln and Southern Song dynasty Guan kiln, ancient China, were compared and analyzed, and the essential reasons for the color difference and the formation of regional characteristic were summarized. The results indicate that the celadon glaze of the Five dynasty Yaozhou kiln contains relatively high contents of K₂O and CaO, which is beneficial to the formation of green-blue color and the growth and discharge of bubbles in the glaze layer. As a result, the glaze is green-blue with high transparency and glossiness. The celadon glaze of the Northern Song dynasty Ru kiln contains relatively high contents of Fe₂O₃ and P₂O₅. This is precisely because of the anti-polarization effect of P⁵⁺ on Fe³⁺ that the blue tone of glaze is enhanced. Also, the dense bubbles, crystals and phase separation structures in the glaze increase the opacity and form the opal effect of the Ru glaze. The base glaze composition of Southern Song dynasty Guan kiln celadon is similar to that of the Ru kiln, and their microstructures are also similar. However, a higher SiO₂ content promotes the formation of bubble aggregations in the heterogeneous nucleation stage of glaze, which further improves the opacity and is conducive to the formation of the texture properties of jade. In addition, the differences of firing temperature, pH value of buried soil and existence form of iron in the raw material also affect the appearance of celadon glazes and form the regional features.

Gout is a term given to the disorder of uric acid metabolism, which results from the deposition of crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate in various connective tissues. Recent domestic researches on the treatment of gout still focus on the development and application of medicine, mainly through drug treatment and acupuncture to relieve the pain of patients. However, less attention is paid to the mechanism of monosodium urate monohydrate crystallization. In principle, gout is the crystallization of monosodium urate solute when it reaches supersaturation in the body fluid circulation. This review, from the perspective of materials, represented recent research work on the structure, morphology, in vitro preparation method and inhibition method of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals, and put forward the direction of further research in the future.

A zinc aluminate spinel powder was prepared by a molten salt method using Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O, ZnO as raw material and Na₂SO₄ as a flux of molten salt. The influences of molten salt amount, synthesis temperature and soaking time on the synthesis performance of zinc aluminate spinel powder were investigated. The growth mechanism, phase composition and microstructure of synthesized product were analyzed. The reaction processes of two systems without and with 10% (in mass fraction) molten salt Na₂SO₄ were investigated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning analysis. The results indicate that a pure zinc aluminate spinel powder can be obtained at 1 000 ℃ for 3 h when Na₂SO₄ is used as a molten salt at the amount of 10%. Most of the synthesized zinc aluminate spinel crystals are a hexagonal prism shape, a small part is octahedral shape and the crystalline sizes are 100-200 nm. Zinc aluminate spinel can be synthesized at a lower temperature in the presence of Na₂SO₄ as a molten salt. In liquid phase environment, the formation of zinc aluminate spinel is principally controlled via template synthesis reactions, and secondarily controlled via dissolution-precipitation reactions.

Mesoporosity was introduced into the ZSM-5 zeolites by alkaline treatment and the external acid sites were passivated selectively via adsorption of phosphate anions on the surfactant modified surface. The results showed that the mesoporosity was successfully obtained after alkaline treatment, meanwhile, the external acid sites increased and the selectivity decreased. A monolayer or bilayer structutre of surfactant on the surface of zeolites could be formed in the different concentrations of surfactant solutions. The monolayer structure did not absorb the phosphate anions. While the bilayer structure selectively absorbed the phosphate anions on the external surface, which could passivate the external acid sites after calcining. The modified zeolites had high activity, stability and selectivity in the isomerization of styrene oxide with yield of phenylacetaldehyde more than 95% and no significant deactivation after 100 h time on stream.