SHI Pei (1990-), female, Ph.D., Lecturer. E-mail: shipei7121@163.com
The chemical composition, phase, microstructure and chemical state of iron element of the celadon glazes from the Five dynasty Yaozhou kiln, Northern Song dynasty Ru kiln and Southern Song dynasty Guan kiln, ancient China, were compared and analyzed, and the essential reasons for the color difference and the formation of regional characteristic were summarized. The results indicate that the celadon glaze of the Five dynasty Yaozhou kiln contains relatively high contents of K2O and CaO, which is beneficial to the formation of green-blue color and the growth and discharge of bubbles in the glaze layer. As a result, the glaze is green-blue with high transparency and glossiness. The celadon glaze of the Northern Song dynasty Ru kiln contains relatively high contents of Fe2O3 and P2O5. This is precisely because of the anti-polarization effect of P5+ on Fe3+ that the blue tone of glaze is enhanced. Also, the dense bubbles, crystals and phase separation structures in the glaze increase the opacity and form the opal effect of the Ru glaze. The base glaze composition of Southern Song dynasty Guan kiln celadon is similar to that of the Ru kiln, and their microstructures are also similar. However, a higher SiO2 content promotes the formation of bubble aggregations in the heterogeneous nucleation stage of glaze, which further improves the opacity and is conducive to the formation of the texture properties of jade. In addition, the differences of firing temperature, pH value of buried soil and existence form of iron in the raw material also affect the appearance of celadon glazes and form the regional features.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |