To enhance the energy efficiency of urban rail traction powersupply systems, this study investigated various strategies aimed at reducing energy consumption. An equivalent circuit model of an urban rail transit traction power supply system was initially developed based on traditional power flow calculation methods. This model considered the nonlinear characteristics of traction energy for urban rail vehicles and variations in the equivalent circuit within a multivehicle context. Subsequently, a power flow analysis method was devised utilizing the established equivalent circuit model and node voltages. Finally, using data from Hefei rail transit line 1 and results from multitrain operation simulations, the study analyzed power, voltage, and energy consumption across different traction powersupply configurations: existing systems and three new systems integrating inverter feedback, energy storage, and photovoltaic technologies. The findings indicate significant advantages for the new systems: the system with inverter feedback notably reduces traction substation energy consumption, while the energy storage system effectively reduces peak power demands. Additionally, the system incorporating photovoltaic technology achieves a substantial 24.89% reduction in traction substation energy consumption compared to the existing setup. These results serve as a valuable reference for optimizing energy efficiency and emissions reduction efforts in urban rail transit systems, offering insights into practical strategies for enhancing operational sustainability.

The study addressed issues related to the nonaction and delayed response times of subway station fire protection systems, focusing on optimizing the automatic pump start method for fire water supply control systems utilizing municipal direct pressurized water supply. Initially, a field test was conducted on the automatic pump start system at a subway station, followed by a detailed analysis of the test data to understand pressure and flow rate change dynamics within the fire protection system. Based on this analysis, a novel approach was developed to determine optimal settings for the pressure switch, flow switch, and stabilizer pump unit, calibrated explicitly to the municipal water pressure thresholds at each station. Findings highlighted the necessity of employing highpressure stabilization due to the influence of municipal water pressure on the pressure switch. Additionally, it was noted that the interplay between pressure and flow switches is crucial under varying operational conditions, necessitating their complementary roles in enabling automatic pump start functionality to enhance reliability. Adjustments were recommended for the logical relationship between the flow switch activation threshold and the stabilizer pump unit settings in different pump room configurations. This adjustment aimed to prevent inadvertent pump startups triggered by fire pipe network leaks, thereby addressing concerns related to overly prolonged or rapid pump activation. These research outcomes are essential guidelines for designing new subway lines' fire hydrant water supply systems and fire pump rooms. Their application ensures smooth automatic initiation of station fire water supply systems, effectively enhancing efficiency and safety across subway network fire protection systems.

Urban rail transit dispatching and command work involve complex system engineering, and the emergency dispatching and command system, as the top priority of urban rail transit dispatching and command work, directly affects the level of enterprise operation services and train operation safety. The emergency dispatch and command system is a paramount component within this framework. Using the Tianjin Metro emergency dispatch as a case study, this research first outlines the foundational modes of emergency dispatch and command used in domestic urban rail transit. It also integrates current trends in information integration and intelligent operations within urban rail transit. The study then delineates the objectives and functional requirements specific to the Tianjin Metro emergency dispatch and command platform. It proposes an architecture comprising several key layers: infrastructure, data resources, application support, application software, information display, regulatory standards, and security systems. This structured approach ensures comprehensive coverage of operational needs and regulatory compliance. Furthermore, leveraging technologies such as cloud computing and big data, we explored the technical scheme and implementation plan of the Tianjin Metro emergency dispatch command platform for the integration demand and intelligent trend. The research results can provide decision support for the safe and orderly operation and dispatch of subways under networked conditions.

In response to the absence of experimental verification of smoke control and ventilation models for tunnel fires without fire doors in crosspassageways of urban rail transit projects, this study conducted a comprehensive ventilation and smoke control experiment in a typical tunnel of the Zhengzhou Metro. The experiment focused on varying locations of train fires within the tunnel. By assessing smoke control wind speeds in both the fire tunnel and crosspassageway under different conditions, our objective was to validate the impact of not installing fire doors in crosspassageways on tunnel fire ventilation and smoke control, and to evaluate the effectiveness of different ventilation and smoke control models. The results indicated that in tunnels with fully enclosed platform doors and one crosspassageway in the test sections, the absence of fire doors (i.e., with open fire doors) resulted in all tested ventilation and smoke control models achieving wind speeds exceeding 2 m/s blowing towards the side where the fire occurred at the door openings. Simultaneously, exhaust wind speeds inside the fire tunnels exceeded 2 m/s, meeting the regulatory requirements for smoke control. These findings suggest the feasibility of omitting fire doors in similar projects. Different ventilation and smoke control models demonstrated varying wind speeds at door openings. Models utilizing two tunnel fans to supply air to the fire tunnel and pressurize nonfire tunnels, coupled with four exhaust fans to extract smoke from the fire tunnel, achieved higher wind speeds at crosspassageway entrances.

The current evaluation system for the sustainable development of urban rail transit often employs a simple hierarchical weighted summation method. However, this method does not account for the interactions among indicators at the same level or the multiple effects of lowerlevel indicators on upperlevel indicators, thus failing to reflect the actual sustainable development status systematically, comprehensively, and accurately. To address this issue, this study introduces a new evaluation approachthe ESE (EconomicSocialEnvironmental) evaluation theory and method. This approach builds on the new understanding that data impacts the three dimensions of economy, society, and environment. An ESE spatial Cartesian coordinate system is constructed to represent all operational scenarios of urban rail transit. Within this threedimensional ESE space, the sustainable development status of urban rail transit is classified into "eight types and four categories," allowing for the quantification of sustainability levels and enabling a threedimensional visual representation.

Mediumand lowvolume rail transit, as a supplement to metro networks in super or mega megacities and as the backbone of large and mediumsized cities, is essential for solving urban traffic problems. Based on a survey of more than 2600 mediumand lowvolume rail transit operation lines in 496 cities in 65 countries, a database of mediumand lowvolume rail transit lines worldwide was constructed. Based on this database, 9 types of mediumand lowvolume rail transit systems (gear rail, tram, suspended monorail, automated people mover systems (APM), straddle monorails, linear motor systems, mediumand lowspeed maglev, electronic guidance rubbertired system, and beamguiding rubbertired system) have been obtained worldwide, with a total length of 18 744.84 km. And statistics were conducted on the distribution of mediumand lowvolume rail transit in various continents and countries. The results showed that it is mainly distributed in 32 countries in Europe, including Germany and Russia, with a total length of 13 256.0 km, accounting for 70.7%. Statistics show that the distribution of various rail transit systems in different countries/cities, with different urban characteristics and functional positioning of different lines shows that mediumand lowvolume rail transit systems mainly serve cities with a population of less than 3 million. 76.25% of tram lines, 47.82% of straddle monorail lines, and 42.11% of linear motor system lines are backbone lines, 84.62% of gear rail lines are tourist lines, and 70.73% of APM lines are airport dedicated lines. Additionally, the origin and development of each system are summarized, and the technical characteristics, parameters, and applicability of each system are analyzed. The results provide a reference for the selection of urban medium and lowvolume rail transit systems in China.

The optimization of slow traffic systems in urban rail transit stations improves the operational efficiency of rail transit, upgrades the spatial quality of stations, and promotes the integration of stations and cities. To provide a reference for planning theories and practical research in this field in China, based on the literature related to slow traffic systems in urban rail transit station areas in WoS and CNKI core databases, and with the aid of CiteSpace, a literature analysis tool, this paper outlines the temporal, national, disciplinary, and journal distributions, analyzes the historical development of research and identifies recent hotspots: synergy research of stations and cities, shared bicycle transfer research, and accessibility research. In addition, the current progress in four key research directions is reviewed: slow traffic accessibility, slow traffic environment, slow traffic transfer, and slow traffic facility planning. Moreover, this paper proposes future research directions that can be expanded in terms of research object, method, and scope.

The construction of dual prevention mechanisms is an important task in the safety management of urban rail transit projects. Currently, guidance in the construction of dual prevention mechanisms is deficient owing to the lack of laws and regulations, differences in the understanding and implementation of dual prevention mechanisms in various cities, and various problems in the execution process. An investigation of the current scenario of the construction of the dual prevention mechanisms revealed that the problems are primarily manifested in the mixing of phrases and terminologies, lack of safety risk management assessments, incomplete investigation and rectification of hidden dangers, inconsistent grading standards of hidden dangers, and insufficient combinations of risk and hidden danger controls. Relevant research can provide a reference for the standardization and improvement of dual prevention and control in the field of urban rail transit engineering.

In response to the integrated fare system for areas that use crossstandard rail transit payment in urban areas, based on previous literature and domestic and international research, this article first clarifies the principle of crossstandard barrierfree ticket pricing under a single path. Subsequently, the multipath crossstandard barrierfree ticket pricing schemes are divided into two categories: origin–destination (OD) differential and OD equal pricing. The technical methods of accurately tracking passengers based on the classification of ticket types used by passengers in OD pricing research are discussed, and infeasible conclusions are obtained. The OD sameprice study recommends the weighted path algorithm, which considers the revenue of revenueguarantee enterprises and the public welfare guarantee of people's travel expenses. This paper proposes two algorithms, namely the passenger flow weighted path and average weighted path, describes the calculation steps of the algorithm in detail, and verifies the feasibility of the algorithm through two examples of Guangzhou Metro. This study is the first in China to fill a gap in the country to a certain extent.

To improve the comprehensive development efficiency of land along rail transit lines, guide the orderly development of urban rail transit stations, and ensure the supporting role of urban sustainable development, we conducted innovative research on the overall strategy of comprehensive transitoriented development (TOD) in Foshan based on a toplevel design. First, we outline the practical problems encountered by Foshan City, an important mega city in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, in the current stage of comprehensive development of rail transit, such as the lack of interest sharing mechanisms, failure to collect and store land along the line in advance, insufficient planning and coordination of station site selection, and mismatched timing between rail construction and comprehensive development. Subsequently, a comprehensive coordination framework for reasonable development is described. Development strategies are proposed, such as improving toplevel design, strengthening strategic coordination, advancing land preparation and storage, and exploring diversified land supply. Finally, using the land use planning practice along the second phase of construction planning for an urban rail transit line in Foshan City (Line 4 Phase I, Line 2 Phase II, and Line 11) as an example, toplevel policy challenges, toplevel planning challenges (coordination of national spatial planning and comprehensive transportation planning), land challenges (land preparation and storage, diversified land supply mode issues), and TOD construction mode challenges are discussed. We explore and establish a toplevel design practice path for comprehensive development that corresponds with the characteristics of Foshan City and propose an overall strategy for TOD comprehensive development that is suitable for the actual scenario in Foshan City. This can effectively guide the implementation of comprehensive development of land around stations along the line and provide valuable toplevel design practice experience and reference basis for similar metropolitan areas.