Latest ArticlesGouqi（Lycii Fructus）is a Chinese drug which is homology of medicine and food with the effect of nourishing liver and kidney，nourishing the essence and brightening the eyes. Pigment is one of the main active components of Gouqi（Lycii Fructus），which has pharmacological activities such as antioxidant，anti-tumor，vision protection and liver protection effects. Different extraction and purification methods have varying degrees of impact on the contents and purities of pigments. This paper summarized the extraction methods，separation and purification，chemical composition and main pharmacological activities of pigments from Gouqi（Lycii Fructus）and prospected their research prospects，providing theoretical support for the further development and utilization of pigments from Gouqi（Lycii Fructus）.
Processing Chinese medicinal materials while they are fresh has advantages over traditional processing，such as improving production efficiency，reducing production costs，minimizing the loss of active ingredients and facilitating storage and transportation. Origin processing is a key technical link in the formation of the quality of Chinese medicinal materials，and different origin processing methods have a certain impact on the appearance and internal quality of Chinese medicinal materials. Drying is one of the key processes in the processing of traditional Chinese medicine and decoction pieces. The drying methods and process parameters in the production area have a significant impact on the quality of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces，and there are differences in drying methods and temperatures among different medicinal parts. This article classified Chinese medicinal materials according to their medicinal parts. Roots and rhizomes are generally dried at a low temperature around 60℃，while leaves，whole grass and flowers are not suitable for high-temperature drying as traditional processing methods such as shade drying or low-temperature drying are used. Some skin type Chinese medicinal materials are rich in volatile oil，and the main drying methods are low-temperature drying and freeze-drying. Seed and fruit type Chinese medicinal materials are generally dried at low temperature. Through sorting out and summarized the processing technology of origin processing of traditional Chinese medicine，the influence of drying on the chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine in the“integration”process was analyzed. It is urgent to seek scientific and reasonable origin processing methods to provide reference for future research on origin processing processing directions.
Guanxinning Tablets（冠心宁片）have good clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of coronary heart disease. This consensus is based on existing evidence，fully combined with expert experience，and follows the principle of“evidencebased approach，consensus as a supplement，experience as a mirror”，and jointly developed by 44 traditional Chinese and western medicine clinical and methodological，pharmaceutical and other multidisciplinary experts. The internationally recognized GRADE evidence grading standard was adopted，and the nominal group method was used to comprehensively consider the evidence quality，efficacy，safety，patient acceptability and other five aspects of Guanxinning Tablets. This consensus has formed recommendations and consensus recommendations on the advantages，administration plan and timing，dosage and course characteristics，and safety issues of Guanxinning Tablets in the treatment of coronary heart disease. By means of expert meetings and letter reviews，opinions and target user evaluations were solicited nationwide，providing decision-making basis for rational clinical drug use.
Sweat is one of the important body fluids and metabolic products of the human body，while the application of sweat detection in disease diagnosis and treatment is stillnotpopular. The sweatand blood homology theory of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）has guiding significance for the understanding and clinical application of sweat. This article systematically reviewed the classic theory of sweatand blood homology，then explained and enriched the sweatand blood homology theory of TCM according to the inheritance and innovation of clinical practice. This article revealed the potential scientific connotations of sweat and blood homology by combining withmodern research progress，including the detection of biochemical indicators，virus，blood drug concentration in sweataswell as the relationship between sweatand chronic heart failure，which broadened the ideas for the clinical application of sweatdetection and sweating treatment. This article aimed to focus on original theories of TCM，identify clinical issues and usemodern scientific technology to clarify and explain the sweat theory of TCM，which would promote the inheritance and innovation of sweat theory of TCM in clinical practice.
To observe the effectof herbal cake separatedmoxibustion on themethylation of ignaling lymphocytic activation molecule（SLAM）and poliovirus related receptor 2 gene（PVRL2）and the costimulatory molecule［tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9（4-1BB）］in immunosuppressed rats.
Fifty SD ratswere random ly divided into blank group，immunosuppressivemodel group，herbal cake separated moxibustion group，fake cakemoxibustion group and Chinese herbalmedicine gavage group，with 10 rats in each group. The modelwasmade by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide，and the other groups except the blank group set up themodelwith the dose of 30 mg/kg for 3 days.“Shenque（RN8）”“Guanyuan（RN4）”“Zhongwan（RN12）”and“ Zusanli（ST36）（double）”were selected for intervention in the herbal cake separated moxibustion group and the fake cakemoxibustion group for 10 consecutive days. The Chinese herbalmedicine gavage group was given Liuwei Dihuang Decoction（六味地黄汤）suspension for 10 days. The number of white blood cells（WBC）in each group was detected by blood routine，and the contents of CD28，4-1BB，tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9（4-1BBL）and interleukin-17（IL-17）in serum were detected by ELISA. The average fluorescence intensity of4-1BB and 4-1BBL in spleen tissue was detected by immunofluorescence. BSP method was used to detect SLAM and PVRL2.
The blood routine results showed that compared with those of the blank group，the white blood cells in the model group were significantly reduced. ELISA results showed that compared with those of the blank group，the levels of CD28，4-1BB and IL-17 in the immunosuppressive model group were significantly increased. Compared with those of the immunosuppressivemodel group，the levels of CD28，4-1BB and IL-17 in the herbal cake separatedmoxibustion group were significantly decreased. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the average fluorescence intensity of 4-1BB and 4-1BBL in the mmunosuppressivemodel group was significantly higher than that in the blank group. Compared with those of the model group，the fluorescence intensities of 4-1BB and 4-1BBL in the herbal cake separated moxibustion group were significantly decreased. The methylation results showed that compared with those of the blank group，the methylation rates of SLAM and PVRL2 promoter regions in the mmunosuppressivemodel group were decreased. Compared with those of themodel group，themethylation rate of SLAM in the herbal cake separated moxibustion group increased，but the methylation rate of PVRL2 decreased.
Herbal cake separated moxibustion may improve the immunosuppressive state by regulating the methylation level of costimulatorymolecule 4-1BB and its ligand as well as SLAM，thereby significantly improving the immune function.
Through in vitro studies，it explored whether Supplemented Buyang Huanwu Decoction（加味补阳还五汤，SBHD）could promote adipose stem cells（ADSCs）in greater omentum to paracrinehepatocyte growth factor（HGF）and whether this effect could inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）of peritonealmesothelial cells（PMC）in order to initially clarify the pharmacological mechanism and target of this prescription in preventing and treating postoperative abdominal adhesion（PAA）.
Experiment 1 clarified whether the inhibitory effect of SBHD on the EMT of PMCwas a directeffectof the formula on PMC or an indirect effect by regulating the paracrine secretion of ADSCs in the greater omentum. After culturing ADSCs with SBHD，conditional culture media（hereinafter referred to as“Chinese medicine culture media”）were prepared to intervene in the PMC of EMTmodels，and the expression levels of EMT related proteins E-cadherin（E-Cad）andα-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）were detected by Western Blot. Experiment 2 clarified whether the inhibitory effectof SBHD on EMT of PMC was related to the secretion of HGF by ADSCs in the greater omentum. The intervention of PMC used three types ofmedia：low HGF expressing ADSCs conditioned medium（hereinafter referred to as “low HGFmedium”），normal ADSCs conditioned medium（hereinafter referred to as“normal medium”）and traditional Chinese medicine culture medium and the following indicators were detected.（1）ELISA was used to detect the content of HGF in the three media before and after intervention in PMC.（2）Western Blot，qPCR and IFmethods were used to detect the expression levels of EMT related proteins in each group of PMCs after intervention，and scratch assay was used to detect the migration ability of PMCs in each group.
Experiment 1：Effect of SBHD and traditional Chinese medicine culture medium on EMT related indicators：Compared with the model group，the SBHD group up-regulated the protein expression of E-Cad（P<0.05）and down-regulated the protein expression of α-SMA（P<0.05）. The traditional Chinese medicine culture medium group significantly up-regulated the protein expression of E-Cad（P<0.01）and significantly down-regulated the protein expression of α-SMA（P<0.01）. Compared with the SBHD group，the traditional Chinese medicine culture medium group up-regulated the protein expression of E-Cad（P<0.05）and significantly downregulated the protein expression of α-SMA（P<0.01）. Experiment 2：（1）Comparison of HGF contents in three different culture media before and after acting on PMC：Before acting on PMC，compared with the normal medium，the content in low HGF medium was significantly reduced（P<0.01），while the content in traditional Chinese medicine culture medium was significantly increased（P<0.01）. After acting on PMC，the content of each culture medium group significantly decreased.（2）Expression of EMT-related proteins：Based on the results of Western Blot，qPCR and IF，compared with the model group，all culture medium groups were able to increase E-Cad expression（P<0.05 or P<0.01）and decrease the expressions of α-SMA and vimentin（VIM）（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. All culture medium groups were able to inhibit the EMT of PMC，with the order of effect being Chinese medicine culture medium group>normal medium group>low HGF medium group.（3）Changes in cellmigration ability of EMT：After intervention for 24 h and 48 h，the healing rate of each group was significantly decreased compared with that of the model group（P<0.01）. Each group of culturemedia can reduce the Rmigration ability of the EMT model，with the order of effect being Chinese medicine culture medium group>normal medium group>low HGF medium group.（4）Correlation analysis of EMT-related protein expression and HGF content：The expression level of E-Cad protein was positively correlated with the content of HGF（P<0.05）. The protein expressions of α-SMA and VIM were negatively correlated with the content of HGF（P<0.05 or P<0.01）.
The therapeutic effect of SBHD in inhibiting the EMT of PMC and preventing PAA may be multi-target，with both direct effects on PMC and indirect effects by enhancing the paracrine secretion of HGF by ADSCs in the greateromentum，with the latter beingmore important.
To lay the literature foundation for the study of the processing mechanism of Shengma（Cimicifugae Rhizoma，CR）by clarifying the origin of the theory of “different use of raw and processing products”and sorting out the experience of ancient and modern use and modern research progress.
By systematically consulting relatedmateriamedica works and ancient and modern medical records，it excavated the origin track of “differentuse of raw and processing products”on the clinical experience，the process of theory formation and the relationship with Chinese medicine processing. The historical evolution on the method of processing and the clinicalexperience of CR were systematically reviewed through the research of materiamedica. And the modern research situation of “differentuse of raw and processing products”of CR was summarized through reviewing the literature.
The experience of “different use of raw and processing products” first appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty，and its theory was formed in the Jin and Yuan Dynasty. Furthermore，the theory of “differentuse of raw and processing products” was used to guide the processing of Chinese medicine in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，which expanded the varieties of Chinese medicine decoction pieces and enriched the processing theory of Chinese medicine. There are various processing methods of CR，including honey-frying，oven earth-frying，yellow rice wine-frying，etc.，and there are differences use among processed products of CR：raw products for detoxification and processing-products for rising Yang.
CR has a long history of clinical use in the aspect of differentuse of raw and processing products. It is helpful to deepen the understanding of the scientific connotation of the theory of “differentuse of raw and processing products” in Chinese medicine processing to accelerate the research of material basis and processing mechanism of CR. This review excavated and sorted out the theoretical origin track of “different use of raw and processing products” and the using experience and modern research progress of CR，which provided references for the accurate understanding of the theory of “differentuse of raw and processing products” of Chinese medicine，the using characteristics of CR based on“different use of raw and processing products”，and the rational clinical application of different decoction of CR.
Acupuncture syncope（commonly know as needle fainting），long considered an adverse event to be prevented，has been found to result in rapid recovery for almost all patients with appropriate management. Some patients even experience“significant”therapeutic effects after fainting. Though the mechanism of acupuncture syncope and its potential benefits have not been thoroughly investigated，this article，based on reviews of extensive literature on acupuncture syncope（case reports，surveys，and systematic reviews）and recent research on vasovagal syncope，supports the notion that acupuncture syncope is not harmful. It raises a novel point that acupuncture syncope is actually a form of vasovagal syncope rather than shock. The pathophysiological basis of acupuncture syncope includes patientsusceptibility to syncope，arterial baroreflex dysfunction or instability，and vasovagal responses triggered by psychological stress，postural stress，and particularly acupuncture（somatic nerve stimulation）. Based on its neurological mechanism，acupuncture syncope can be classified into three types. Type Ⅰ（psychological stress type）occurs immediately before and after the needle is inserted. Type Ⅱ（sympathetic triggering type）is further divided into progressive sympathetic activation type（Type Ⅱ a）and inhibitory type（Type Ⅱ b）. The sympathetic excitability of this type is initially high，which further increases under needle stimulation before suddenly or gradually decreasing，leading to fainting. Type Ⅲ（vagus-triggered type）is induced by directly stimulating vagalafferentatsome special parts of the body （e.g.，the auricular region）. The article proposes that the significant therapeutic effects experienced by some fainting patients（mainly Types Ⅱ and Ⅲ）are related to the strong stimulation of acupuncture and the fainting itself，which strongly activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis，cholinergic vagal anti-inflammation pathways，and reset disease homeostasis. For patients susceptible to syncope，clinicians should mitigate psychological stress and administer light acupuncture stimulation in the supine position when needed. When pre-syncope symptoms occur，preventing falls and should be the first priority. Unless syncope persists，additional needle insertion is unnecessary，though existing needles may be retained for the duration of treatment. For patients who have not responded to previous acupuncture treatments，clinicians might consider intentionally selecting more sensitive acupoints and applying more intensive stimulation at an orthostatic posture to induce syncope. This approach aims to achieve a more effective treatment outcome. In essence，clinical management should consider the trade off between ensuring patient safety and maximizing treatment efficacy.
Eye diagnosis is amethod of diagnosing diseases by observing the changes in the appearance and morphology of various parts of the eyes，and is an important partof TCM diagnosis. Artificial intelligence（AI）is considered to be one of the top three technologies in the 21st century. It has been widely used in medical health and other fields. With the increasing maturity of the digital technology of TCM，the theory of TCM eye diagnosis is deeply integrated with AI，forming the key technical equipment of TCM eye diagnosis instrument. This article mainly expounds the development status of intelligent TCM，the research on the standardization of TCM data of eye diagnostic instrument and the construction of intelligent auxiliary TCM diagnosis model of eye diagnostic instrument，the basic theory of TCM eye diagnosis is integrated with the knowledge of other disciplines，breakthrough in TCM health data acquisition，flexible control，human-machine coupling，multidimensional information fusion identification and other key technologies，in order to form the relevant standards of TCM diagnosis and treatment equipment series，and establish the industrial innovation base of TCM characteristic medical devices. Further，itwill promote the development of new service formats such as remote diagnosis and treatment of TCM，mobile medical treatment and intelligent medical treatment，promote the digitalization，standardization and internationalization of TCM diagnosis and treatment technology，improve the accessibility of TCM diagnosis and treatment services，and promote the modern integration and development of Chinese and Western medicine.
To improve the genetic algorithm and innovate the recommendation model，mine the core prescriptions and recommend the effective prescriptions based on the electronic medical records data of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）.
Based on the real-world electronic medical records data，the database of effective prescriptions of T2DM patients and original prescriptions of different syndromes was constructed. The genetic algorithm was improved and the construction of fitness function was optimized，so the extracted core effective prescriptions can evolve towards the collection of effective prescriptions. Based on the similarity relationship between the core effective prescriptions and the collection of original prescriptions，the recommendation model was innovated，and the prescription recommendation was mined by traversing the collection of original prescriptions of different syndromes.
A total of 17 712 prescriptions with effective diagnosis and treatment standards were used，and 37 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines were extracted. Finally，26 prescriptions with “recommendation value≥85%” were excavated，and the maximal recommendation value was 97.26%.
In this study，the improved genetic algorithm has improved the ability of feature extraction and global search for prescription sets of traditional Chinese medicine，and proposed a new recommendation model for clinical prescriptions decision-making，thus improving the utilization rate of electronic medical records data.
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