Based on survey data from 109 dairy farms across 10 provinces in China,this report systematically analyzes the current situation,problems,and challenges regarding inflammation and pain management within the Chinese dairy farming industry. The results indicate that although 93.1% of the farms have established identification standards for inflammation and pain,issues persist. These include an imperfect identification system,reliance on singular detection methods,a production-oriented rather than welfare-oriented approach to pain management（“high pain score,low intervention”）,price-driven drug selection,irrational structure of veterinary drug budgets,incomplete record-keeping and evaluation systems,relatively low educational levels among veterinarians,and a fragmented training system. The report highlights significant deficiencies in pain management for key procedures such as calf dehorning,mastitis,and hoof diseases,with the phenomenon of "high pain score,low intervention"being particularly prominent.Based on these findings,the report proposes multiple recommendations concerning identification standards,detection technologies,drug application,budget management,and personnel training.These aim to promote the standardization,precision,and welfare-oriented improvement of dairy cow inflammation and pain management,thereby supporting the healthy and sustainable development of the dairy farming industry.

[Objective] This study analyzed 416 739 breeding events from heifers across 144 dairy farms and 1 193 209 breeding events from dairy cows across 152 dairy farms recorded between 2023 and 2024. The objective was to determine conception rates associated with different intervals between Foot-and-Mouth Disease （FMD） vaccination and breeding. [Methods] Breeding events were grouped based on the interval in days after FMD vaccination. Conception rates were calculated for each group as the proportion of breeding events resulting in a confirmed pregnancy relative to the total breeding events with a known pregnancy diagnosis outcome. Conception rates were compared between interval groups. [Result]（1）For heifers vaccinated >30 days before breeding,the conception rate was 60.3%. Conception rates for heifers bred 0~5 days and 6~10 days post-vaccination were 56.0% and 58.4%,respectively,representing decreases of 4.3 and 1.9 percentage points compared to the >30-day group. The decrease was most pronounced in the first service （4.4 percentage points） and second service （4.9 percentage points）.（2）For dairy cows vaccinated >30 days before breeding,the conception rate was 41.9%. Conception rates for dairy cows bred 0~5 days and 6~10 days post-vaccination were 39.4% and 41.1%,respectively,across all parities.（3）Vaccination given 0~5 days and 6~10 days before breeding significantly reduced the conception rate in primiparous cows,resulting in decreases of 3.7 percentage points and 2.6 percentage points,respectively. （4）Vaccination 0~5 days before breeding had a significant negative impact on conception rates at the first service,causing a decrease of 3.1 percentage points. [Conclusion] To enhance precision reproductive management,dairy farms should strategically schedule FMD vaccination programs and optimize vaccination timing relative to breeding. This can minimize negative impacts on reproductive performance and maximize disease prevention benefits. Implementing refined breeding strategies considering vaccination timing can further improve conception rates and reduce labor and frozen semen costs.

This study was based on field survey data from 17 large-scale dairy farms in the Yantai region in September 2024,systematically analyzing the short-term effects and recovery patterns of mandatory foot-and-mouth disease（type OA）vaccination on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The results showed that within one week after vaccination, the estrus rate, breeding rate, and conception rate of dairy cows decreased by 14.3%, 9.8%, and 8.5%, respectively, while the abortion rate slightly increased. One month after vaccination, all reproductive indicators essentially returned to pre-vaccination levels.Vaccination stress, operational standardization, and vaccine adjuvants were identified as the main factors affecting reproductive performance. The study further found a positive correlation between the frequency of sanitary disinfection and the recovery speed of reproductive indicators post-vaccination. Based on these findings, optimization recommendations such as “group-based vaccination and staggered breeding”“enhanced nutrition and estrus monitoring”,and “establishing a comprehensive disinfection system” are proposed to mitigate the negative impact of vaccination on reproductive performance and improve the effectiveness of autumn foot-and-mouth disease prevention and dairy cow reproductive efficiency.

Brucellosis,a zoonotic disease,not only severely impairs the reproductive performance of dairy cattle but also poses a significant threat to public health and safety. Autumn is a critical period for brucellosis prevention and control in dairy cattle,playing a vital role in reducing the incidence of brucellosis,enhancing the resistance of dairy cattle,and safeguarding their reproductive performance. Therefore,this paper discussed the key measures for autumn brucellosis prevention and control,including disinfection,immunization,testing and monitoring,and feeding management. It also analyzed the positive effects of autumn prevention and control in protecting the health of dairy cattle' reproductive systems,reducing the abortion rate,improving the survival quality of calves,and maintaining the reproductive stability of the herd. It is expected to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the prevention and control effect of brucellosis in dairy farms in autumn and ensuring the reproductive performance of dairy cattle.

Autumn is a high-incidence period for dairy cow diseases, making scientific disease prevention crucial for maintaining herd health. However, preventive measures may induce physiological, immune, and chemical stress in cows, disrupting the endocrine system, altering energy allocation, and consequently reducing reproductive performance. This paper systematically analyzed the mechanisms through which autumn disease prevention affects dairy cow reproduction, including stress-induced endocrine disorders, nutrient competition triggered by immune activation, and indirect negative impacts of health issues on reproduction. Integrated management strategies are proposed：optimizing prevention procedures （staggered operations, low-stress vaccines and medications）, enhancing nutritional regulation （increasing energy and key nutrient supply）,implementing reproductive monitoring and hormonal interventions, and refining operational procedures to mitigate stress. These measures aim to synergistically improve both health protection and reproductive efficiency, providing theoretical foundations and practical guidance for dairy farm management in autumn.

In modern dairy farm operations,heifers represent a core group alongside mature cows,accounting for approximately 30% of the total herd inventory and constituting the second-largest expense in farm rearing costs. The growth health status of heifers,the timing of breeding,and conception efficiency directly determine the economic benefits of farm input and output. From the perspective of overall farm production planning,the calving progress of heifers not only influences the average parity structure of the lactating herd but also plays a crucial role in ensuring the overall average milk yield of the herd. Industry practices indicate that the ideal age for heifers to first calve is 22~24 months. Achieving this goal requires heifers to possess excellent reproductive capabilities,and superior reproductive performance ultimately translates into higher milk production,thereby creating greater economic value for the farm.

This study based on empirical data from the dairy industry in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2024,revealed its developmental characteristics of "simultaneous scale expansion and structural optimization,coexisting with cost pressures and market bottlenecks" through industrial chain analysis and policy evaluation. The research indicated that leveraging the advantage of the "Golden Milk Source Belt," Gansu Province saw its dairy cattle inventory increase to 383 000 heads （average annual growth of 4.5%） and milk production surge to 1.163 million tons （average annual growth of 21.7%）by 2024. The scale operation rate reached 81%,forming five major advantage production areas and a "Ganwei" brand matrix. However,cost-price inversion,overcapacity,and weak consumption constrain the sustainable development of the industry. Accordingly,this study proposed countermeasures and suggestions such as industrial chain integration,policy coordination,technology empowerment,and demand stimulation,aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical pathways for the high-quality development of the dairy industry in cold and arid regions of Northwest China.

Changdu City,a traditional pastoral region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,has a large population of dairy livestock,and dairy products feature prominently in the local diet. The region also boasts a long history of producing and consuming yogurt. However,the industry's development is constrained by a mismatch between growing market demand and a shortage of modern dairy processing facilities,leading to an unmet local consumer demand for yogurt products. This study investigated the current state of the yogurt industry in Changdu by analyzing products available in various large supermarkets and convenience stores.The findings aimed to provide insights for improving raw material quality,diversifying product varieties,and strengthening brand building within the local yogurt sector.

Against the backdrop of in-depth globalization and the increasing prominence of global issues such as global warming, the evaluation of corporate ESG （Environmental,Social,and Governance）factors has become increasingly important,and its impact on corporate development has also attracted widespread attention.This paper took Mengniu Dairy as the research object to deeply explore the development status of China's dairy industry from the ESG perspective.The study found that with the strengthening of domestic policy guidance and the tightening of regulatory requirements,listed dairy companies have gradually started the active disclosure of ESG information, but the overall disclosure level still has much room for improvement. As a leading enterprise in China's dairy industry,Mengniu Dairy has achieved remarkable results in environmental protection,fulfillment of social responsibilities, and optimization of corporate governance.It has not only built a comprehensive ESG strategic system but also clearly put forward the grand goal of achieving "carbon neutrality" in the entire industrial chain by 2050.On this basis, this paper further analyzed the internal connection between ESG and corporate performance,and extracted valuable experiences of Mengniu Dairy in the practice of environmental and social responsibilities.Finally,combining with the overall development of the industry,it systematically sorted out the challenges and opportunities faced by China's dairy industry in the process of ESG practice, and put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of ESG in the industry.

This paper analyzed the empowering effect of tax preferential policies on the high-quality development of the dairy industry. It systematically organized the implementation status of policies such as value-added tax （VAT） exemption and reduction,tax credits,and corporate income tax preferences,and deeply explored the core problems of the current tax preferential policies,including insufficient pertinence,narrow coverage,limited support intensity,and lagging policy updates. On this basis,targeted optimization strategies were proposed：formulating special tax preferential policies for the dairy industry,expanding the coverage of preferential policies,strengthening the implementation of policies,and emphasizing the need to timely update and improve the tax preferential policy system for the dairy industry. These measures aimed to provide precise policy support for the high-quality development of the dairy industry,help optimize the industrial layout of the dairy industry,and enhance the overall development quality of the industry.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different doses of Angelica extract on production performance,serum antioxidant indicators,and rumen function in dairy cows.[Method] Eighty-four healthy lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups： the control group （group A） was fed a basal diet,while the treatment groups （groups B,C,and D） were supplemented with 100,300,and 500 mg/kg of Angelica extract,respectively,based on the basal diet. The experiment lasted for 30 days,during which production performance,milk composition,serum antioxidant indicators,and rumen fermentation parameters were measured.[Result] Compared with the control group,supplementation with 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Angelica extract significantly increased average daily feed intake and milk yield （P<0.05）,reduced the feed-to-milk ratio,and significantly improved milk fat rate and milk protein rate while reducing somatic cell count in milk （P<0.05）.Regarding serum antioxidant indicators,activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）,catalase （CAT）,and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were significantly increased,and malondialdehyde （MDA） content was significantly decreased in the treatment groups （P<0.05）. In terms of rumen fermentation,the contents of microbial crude protein （MCP）,acetate,and propionate were significantly increased （P<0.05）,while no significant effects were observed on rumen pH or the contents of butyrate and isobutyrate.[Conclusion] Dietary supplementation with 300~500 mg/kg of Angelica extract can effectively improve production performance,milk quality,antioxidant capacity,and rumen function in dairy cows,demonstrating its potential as a functional feed additive.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat stress on production performance, milk composition,and blood biochemical indicators of dairy cows in different lactation stages in the Linyi region. [Methods] A total of 24 healthy Holstein cows were selected and divided into three groups according to days in milk: early lactation （≤60 d）, mid-lactation （61~150 d）,and late lactation （≥151 d）. The experiment was conducted from May to August 2024. Milk yield,respiratory rate,rectal temperature,milk composition,and blood indicators （HSP70,prolactin,leptin） were monitored during non-heat stress and heat stress periods. [Results] Heat stress significantly reduced milk yield in all lactation stages （P< 0.05） and significantly increased respiratory rate and rectal temperature. The lactose and solid content increased significantly in early and mid-lactation cows （P< 0.05）,while milk fat rate and milk protein rate showed no significant changes. Heat stress also significantly up-regulated HSP70 expression and reduced prolactin levels in early and mid-lactation cows （P< 0.05）,with no significant change in leptin levels. [Conclusion] Heat stress significantly affects the production performance,milk quality,and blood indicators of dairy cows,with early and mid-lactation cows being more susceptible. The results provide a theoretical basis for developing regional strategies for the prevention and control of heat stress in dairy cows.

Pain management in dairy cows is a crucial aspect of modern dairy farming for improving animal welfare and production efficiency. This article systematically reviews assessment methods for pain in dairy cows, the rational selection of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, and comprehensive management strategies for common painful procedures and diseases. Studies have shown that pain can lead to abnormal behavior, increased physiological stress, and reduced production performance in dairy cows. Internationally, various behavioral indicator-based pain assessment tools （such as the Dairy Cow Pain Scale） have been developed to provide a scientific basis for pain identification. In terms of pharmacological treatment, the use of highly selective COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （e.g., meloxicam） is recommended, with strict adherence to milk withdrawal and drug withdrawal periods. For common issues such as dehorning, castration, hoof diseases,dystocia, and mastitis,multimodal analgesic protocols should be implemented, combining local anesthesia with systemic analgesics, while emphasizing the timing and standardization of procedures. International dairy quality programs such as the U.S. FARM and Canada’s proAction have made pain management a mandatory requirement. China’s dairy industry should also accelerate the implementation of relevant standards to enhance dairy cow health and farming efficiency through scientific analgesia.

[Objective]This study aimedto investigate the changes in somatic cell count（SCC）of dairy goats across different lactation months and analyze the correlation between SCC and major milk components.[Method] In 2024,208 lactating dairy goats were randomly selected.Milk samples were collected in March,July,and October to measure SCC,as well as major milk components such as milk fat,protein,and lactose.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software.[Result]The results showed that SCC in March was significantly lower than that in July（P<0.05）.SCC had a highly significant positive correlation with milk protein（P<0.01）,a positive but non-significant correlation with fat and non-fat solids（P>0.05）,a highly significant negative correlation with lactose and urea nitrogen（P<0.01）,and a significant positive correlation with total solids（P<0.05）.[Conclusion]It is recommended to measure SCC and milk components in March as standards for assessing the quality of goat milk,which can help improve the overall quality of goat milk.

This paper systematically reviewed the research progress and practical application of anti-inflammatory and analgesic management in dairy cattle both domestically and internationally from 2015 to 2025. Starting with the identification methods of common inflammatory conditions in dairy cows (such as mastitis, metritis, postpartum inflammation, and calf inflammation), it elaborated on subjective and objective pain assessment systems, including behavioral observation, physiological indicator detection, and the application of emerging technologies such as infrared thermography and substance P detection. In terms of management strategies, the practical application and effectiveness of methods such as NSAIDs, local anesthesia, herbal medicine therapy, physical therapy, and multimodal analgesia are highlighted. The positive impacts of anti-inflammatory and analgesic measures on dairy cow production performance (milk yield, milk composition, reproductive performance, culling rate, etc.) are analyzed. Additionally, challenges in current promotion efforts—such as economic costs, cognitive gaps, and policy limitations—are discussed. The paper proposed that future efforts should strengthen pain education, optimize policy support, and promote standardized management to achieve synergistic improvements in dairy cow health, welfare, and economic benefits.

The safety of dairy products is crucial to public health.As a common foodborne pathogen in dairy products,the accurate and rapid detection of Salmonella is of vital importance.This review systematically analyzed the current four major testing systems：Although the detection method based on GB 4789.4-2024 National Food Safety Standard - Microbiological testing of food - Salmonella Testing holds the status of a “gold standard”,it has a bottleneck in the testing cycle of 3 to 7 days.Molecular detection methods include conventiona PCR,derived PCR and novel CRISPR/Cas systems. The minimum detection limit can reach 1.00 CFU/mL,but struggle with the problem of interference from live/dead bacteria. Immunoassays include ELISA and lateral flow strips. The minimum detection limit can reach 1.04×10² CFU/mL, but there is matrix interference from various substances in dairy products.Biosensors integrate nanomaterials and aptamers to achieve a minimum detection limit of 5.00 CFU/mL. Its portability makes it suitable for on-site use.Current Salmonella detection technologies have its own advantages and disadvantages. A single technology shows limitations,but multimodal combined technology can overcome these shortcomings. By integrating cutting-edge technologies, it is expected to bring about a revolution in Salmonella detection and enhance public health protection.

[Objective] To explore the application of near-infrared spectroscopy technology in the detection of furosine content in pasteurized milk.[Method]The model was jointly established by high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）and near-infrared spectroscopy technology. Applicability validation study on the detection of furosine content in pasteurized milk using a newly created model.[Result] The detection time of near-infrared spectroscopy technology was shortened from 27 hours to 1 minute,reducing the detection time by 26 hours and 59 minutes.The correlation coefficient R² of the calibration model was 0.96,and the linear distribution was excellent.[Conclusion]According to relevant regulations and enterprise standards,the determination results of furosine content by near-infrared spectroscopy and HPLC show good consistency. The combined modeling detection of near-infrared spectroscopy technology has the advantages of fast detection speed,simple operation and accurate results.Evaluated from aspects such as standard requirements,data accuracy,stability,time efficiency and cost,the results of this study showed that near-infrared spectroscopy had certain accuracy and stability,and was convenient,fast and low-cost to operate. It can be popularized as a fast and effective method for the detection of furosine content in pasteurized milk.

[Objective]To detect sucrose in fermented milk by chemical rapid qualitative detection method and develop a rapid screening method based on color reaction.[Method]By comparing with high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）,the accuracy of this method above the detection limit（0.2 g/100 g） was verified（r=0.98,P<0.01）.[Result]Compared with HPLC,the detection time of the chemical rapid qualitative detection method was shortened from 5 hours to 10 minutes,the single detection cost was reduced by 80%,and the consistency of the detection results of zero-sucrose samples（n=50）with HPLC reached 96%.This method is simple to operate and can complete the detection in just 10 minutes,making it suitable for real-time monitoring on production lines,providing a high-efficiency and low-cost sucrose detection solution for dairy enterprises.It can be promoted and used as an effective method for zero-sucrose detection in fermented milk.[Conclusion] This method is simple and rapid to operate, suitable for real-time monitoring of production lines. It can provide dairy enterprises with an efficient and low-cost sucrose detection solution and can be promoted as an effective method for detecting zero-sucrose fermented milk.

[Objective]To establish a method for detecting lead content in milk and dairy products based on anodic stripping voltammetry（ASV）,and systematically evaluated the applicability of this method in raw milk,sterilized milk,modified milk,and fermented milk matrices.[Method]By optimizing the pre-treatment conditions,matrix interference was significantly reduced.A systematic and comprehensive method validation was conducted using the national standard substance（GBW08619） confirming that the method had good accuracy.[Result]The detection limit（LOD） and quantification limit（LOQ）of raw milk,sterilized milk,modified milk and fermented milk were 0.005 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/kg,respectively,which were at the same level as “GB 5009.12-2023 National Food Safety Standard - Determination of Lead in Foods”.The spiked recovery experiment showed that the recovery rate in different matrices were 70%~115%（spiked level of 0.01~0.04 mg/kg）.The precision test showed that the precision in different matrices ranged from 3.32% to 18.59%.[Conclusion]This method was easy to operate and highly sensitive,and was suitable for the rapid screening and quantitative analysis of trace lead in dairy products,providing reliable technical support for food safety risk monitoring.

Milk is a nutritionally complete natural food,rich in a variety of essential nutrients such as proteins,fats,carbohydrates,vitamins,and minerals,while also containing multiple natural active ingredients with physiological regulatory functions. This paper systematically reviewed the biological functions and health effects of key natural active components in milk—including conjugated linoleic acid （CLA）,α-linolenic acid （ALA）,eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA）,docosahexaenoic acid （DHA）,lactoferrin,and immunoglobulins—and emphasizes the impact of factors such as feeding methods,diet composition,seasonal variations,parity,and lactation stage on their content. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for scientific milk consumption and the development of high-value-added dairy products.

As an important part of traditional dairy products,goat milk is favored by more and more consumers for its unique nutritional value and health benefits,but its distinctive muttony has become a major obstacle restricting its market popularization and consumer acceptance.In recent years,with the continuous progress of science and technology and the growing demand for healthy diet,the technology of goat milk de-mutton has been widely concerned and studied.This paper aimed to review the current research progress of goat milk de-mutton technology,and discussed its development trend,so as to provide reference for researchers and practitioners in related fields.

[Objective]To explore the influence of starch content in health food flavored fermented milk on the detection of sucrose and total sugar.[Method]As conventional physicochemical indicators and national risk random inspection items for health food flavored fermented milk,the detection results of sucrose and total sugar may vary with different pretreatment methods. In this study,sample pretreatment was carried out on health food flavored fermented milk with the same formula,and the pretreatment time of starch-containing and starch-free samples was compared and analyzed. [Result]The pretreatment time of starch-containing samples was 117 minutes longer than that of starch-free samples.[Conclusion]The experimental data can provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the optimized production of health food flavored fermented milk.