Soil contamination with phthalate esters (PAEs) is a worldwide environmental issue, and a stable and efficient functional microbial agent could be applied to achieve synergistic PAEs degradation. The review comprehensively compared various methods and pathways of microbial immobilization. The different factors on PAEs elimination such as mass transfer environment, substrate concentration, immobilization conditions, and strain combinations were demonstrated. The metabolic pathways of PAEs driven by enzymatic reactions of functional microbes were elucidated. The biological mechanisms of synergistic degradation of PAEs by microbial communities were clarified, and crucial future research areas may include the construction of microbial composite communities, optimization of immobilization carriers, and creation of microbial agent products. Compared to single-free bacteria, the immobilized PAEs-degrading microbial agents not only resist the interference of complex external environments, but specifically perform well on PAE degradation. In addition, immobilized microbial agents may positively promote crop growth.

An anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor was used to explore the combined effect mechanism of anammox under the co-existence conditions of quinoline (50~200mg/L) and microplastics (PET-MPs) (20~100mg/L). With the increase of the concentrations of quinoline and PET-MPs, the performance of Anammox first decreases and then gradually recovers, and recovery time of reversible inhibition was positively correlated with the concentration of combined pollutants. The specific anammox activity (SAA) decreased from 22.8mg N/(g VSS·h) in stage C1 to 16.2mg N/(g VSS·h) in stage C3, while the corresponding reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased by 55.7%, indicating that the inhibition of Anammox was enhanced under combined pollution. Extracellular polymer (EPS) analysis revealed that an increase in the concentrations of quinoline and PET-MPs would lead to a rapid decrease in the EPS content of the biofilm from 75.3mg/g VSS to 39.2mg/g VSS. The significant reduction in protein (PN) secretion, which in turn led to a significant decrease in PN/PS, indicates a decline in the structural stability of the Anammox biofilm. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the concentration of quinoline /PET-MPs increased, while the microbial community diversity and richness indices decreased. The relative abundance of Candidatus_Brocadia decreased from 1.73% to 1.24%, while the relative abundance of Denitratisoma changed little. However, the relative abundance of anaerobic heterocyclic degrading bacteria increased significantly.

This study developed an improved export coefficient model by integrating rainfall and topographic correction factors to estimate non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads and identify key pollution sources in the Ganjiang River Basin. The accuracy of the original and modified models was systematically compared, and correlation analysis was performed between nitrogen and phosphorus load intensity and monitored concentration data. The results demonstrated an increasing trend in both total pollution loads and load intensities from 2016 to 2020. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus exports increased by 15.99% and 16.37%, respectively, while corresponding load intensities rose by 15.89% and 16.85%. Spatially, the pollution distribution exhibited a characteristic north-high-south-low pattern with localized concentration, indicating higher contamination risks in downstream areas. Land use emerged as the primary source of nitrogen pollution, contributing 51.65% of total nitrogen exports, whereas livestock farming was identified as the dominant phosphorus source, accounting for 36.82% of total phosphorus outputs. The enhanced export coefficient model demonstrated significantly reduced relative errors compared to the original version. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations (P<0.05) between annual average nitrogen or phosphorus concentrations and load intensities, confirming the improved model's superior accuracy. The refined model enables more precise assessment of watershed non-point source pollution, facilitates identification of major pollution sources, and supports targeted delineation of critical control zones, thereby providing valuable scientific support for non-point source pollution management and remediation strategies in river basins.

To investigate the environmental behavior of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the surroundings of the electronics industry, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentration levels of 18 OPEs in soil, atmospheric, and wastewater samples, which were collected from surrounding areas of typical electronic industry enterprises in Shenzhen. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to identify pollution sources, and the health risk levels of people of different age groups were evaluated. The results indicated that the detection rates of 18 OPEs in various environmental media were found to range between 40.9% and 100.0%. In 34 soil samples, 21 atmospheric samples, and 30 wastewater samples, the mean concentrations of ∑18 OPEs were determined to be 283ng/g (12.2~857ng/g), 4.48×10⁵ pg/m³(3.12×10³~2.95×10⁶ pg/m³), and 1.11×10⁶ ng/L (5.39×10⁵~2.73×10⁶ ng/L), respectively. Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate (AO168=O), tris(4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (T4tBPP), tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BPADP) were identified as the predominant OPEs across all media. The correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) results demonstrated that OPE contamination in the vicinity of electronic industry enterprises was predominantly influenced by industrial production emissions and traffic-related discharges. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with multi-pathway exposure to OPEs in soil and atmospheric media across different age groups were found to remain within acceptable thresholds; however, the health risks posed by long-term cumulative OPE exposure were identified as requiring sustained scientific attention.

This article constructed a multidimensional urban sprawl measurement index system from the structural dimension, morphological dimension, density dimension, and efficiency dimension. Based on map visualization, standard deviation ellipse, and cold and hot spot analysis, it explored the spatiotemporal characteristics and migration evolution patterns of China's urban comprehensive sprawl from 2005 to 2020. The spatiotemporal geographically weighted model (GTWR) was used to empirically examine the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the impact of multidimensional urban sprawl on carbon emission intensity. Research shows that: (1) The comprehensive urban sprawl in China exhibited a spatial difference of "high in the east and low in the west", but the urban sprawl in the eastern coastal and northeastern regions has declined in the later stage of the sample. The standard deviation ellipse shows a trend of centripetal clustering, and the center of gravity of the distribution shifts towards the southwest as a whole. The analysis of hot and cold spots presents regional differences of "hot in the east and cold in the west". (2) The overall urban sprawl has a significant impact on carbon emissions, and over time, it plays a positive promoting role in an increasing number of cities. The positive promotion area is mainly concentrated in the central and western regions and coastal areas, while the negative inhibition area is mainly the North China Plain and the Pearl River Delta. (3) There is significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the influencing factors of each dimension. In terms of temporal trends, the structural dimension promotes carbon emissions in most cities and its influence increases year by year; The form dimension has shifted from a promoting effect to a inhibiting effect on carbon emissions in most cities; The density dimension and efficiency dimension suppress carbon emissions in most cities, but the density dimension shows a polarization trend year by year, while the influence of the efficiency dimension weakens overall. In terms of spatial distribution, the influence of structural dimension and density dimension is stronger in the southeastern, western, and northeastern regions, while the significant effect of morphological dimension is in the northeastern border and central western regions, and the significant effect of efficiency dimension is in the central and western regions.

Human lung cancer cell A549were used as the test cell. Three kinds of organophosphorus flame retardants, i.e., tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCIPP), and tri(4-isopropylphenyl)phosphate (IPPP), were selected as representative compounds, which are frequently detected in the environment. The toxic effects of the three compounds on A549cell were studied through multiple toxicity test endpoints. Results showed that the three OPFRs could inhibit cell viability, stimulate the production of excessive reactive oxygen species and reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in cell, induce cell inflammation and cause DNA damage. All the cytotoxicity indicators were dose-dependent. OPFRs with low concentrations had less effect, and the toxic effect enhanced with the increase of OPFRs concentrations. Compared with the three OPFRs, their toxic effects on A549cells ranked as TBOEP > TCIPP ≈ IPPP. Especially, when the cells were exposed to TBOEP with a high concentration of 500 μmol/L, the cell viability was less than 5%, the amount of reactive oxygen species in cell increased by three times, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased by 46.5%, the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α increased by 124.4% and 262.7%, and the content of DNA damage markers increased significantly.

This study establishes a carbon emission reduction measurement model for the secondary ash recycled ceramsite project from the perspective of carbon footprint, combined with the National Certified Voluntary Emission Reduction (CCER) methodology. Taking the 40000 tons/year secondary ash recycled ceramsite project as an example, empirical analysis is conducted to evaluate the project's carbon emission reduction. Based on the analysis of key carbon emission factors, the carbon emission reduction potential of the secondary ash recycled ceramsite project is optimized and evaluated. The results show that the total CO₂e emission reduction of the 40000 tons/year secondary ash slag regenerated ceramsite project in 2023 is 32600 tons, of which the ceramsite production stage contributes to 95% of the emission reduction. From the perspective of carbon footprint analysis, the total annual CO₂e emissions of the project are about 64900 tons, and the processing, production, and raw material acquisition stages are key links in the carbon emissions of the ceramsite project. From the analysis of CO₂ emission source categories, the substitution of solid waste materials such as secondary ash and sludge is the key to carbon reduction in the ceramsite industry. In addition, the priority order of adding solid waste materials is secondary ash, sludge, and waste soil. Regarding the optimization of carbon emission reduction potential, under four low-carbon scenarios of green raw materials, clean power grid, low-carbon transportation, and recycling, the secondary ash regenerated ceramsite project achieved CO₂e emission reductions of 69300, 34200, 35600 and 32800 tons, respectively. Under the green raw material scenario, the ceramsite industry has a carbon emission reduction potential of 9million tons.

To investigate the effect of the Fenton-oxidized composting process on the removal of estrogens in manure, this study determined the concentrations of four estrogens—estradiol (E3), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), bisphenol A (BPA), and ethinylestradiol (EE2)—in cow manure at various time points (0, 3, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 384, and 768hours) using the Fenton-oxidized composting process. The influence of Fenton's reagent and citric acid on estrogen removal during Fenton oxidation were also examined. Results demonstrated that after 3hours of treatment with Fenton's reagent and citric acid, the residual rates of E3, 17β-E2, BPA, and EE2in cow dung were 15.10%, 2.65%, 9.90%, and 11.44%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those observed in the non-oxidizing reagent treatment group. Following 32days of composting, the residual concentrations of E3, 17β-E2, and BPA fell below detectable limits, while the residual rate of EE2was only 2%. Additionally, seed germination rate analysis during the oxidized composting process revealed that the seed germination index of Brassica chinensis exceeded 50%, indicating that the composting products exhibited no apparent toxic effects on vegetable seeds. Consequently, the Fenton-oxidized composting technology can effectively accelerate the removal of estrogens from livestock manure, thereby facilitating its resourceful and harmless utilization.

This paper aims to review the global research progress and emerging hotspots related to plastic pollution in marine and inland water from 2008 to 2023, based on data from the Web of Science and CNKI databases. A total of 13872 articles were selected and analyzed, with the majority of studies conducted in analytical methods and monitoring techniques. The findings emphasize that discharge and non-degradable nature of plastic waste are the main drivers of pollution in these aquatic environments. Increasing global attention has been directed toward this issue, as reflected in the growing number of publications since 2020. At present, mainstream analytical methods for studying plastic pollution include microscopic observation, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. However, field sampling efforts remain limited, with challenges such as varying mesh sizes used in trawl nets affecting data consistency. To address these limitations, future research should utilize unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and advanced remote sensing technologies for monitoring plastic pollution. It should also explore the potential integration of satellite, aerial, and ground-based remote sensing into a multi-scale, comprehensive monitoring system, providing scientific insights and practical recommendations for advancing plastic pollution research and management.

In this study, we measured the contents of P in various forms in the topsoil (0~10cm) of 8representative pine (Pinus massoniana) forests in the main urban area of Chongqing. We used high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the community characteristics of the phoD-harboring bacteria. The results showed that the surface soils of Pinus massoniana forests in the study area had relatively low phosphorus levels, with average total phosphorus (TP) contents of 192.787mg/kg in winter and 169.512mg/kg in summer. Among the inorganic phosphorus fractions, the content distribution followed the order: occluded phosphorus (O-P) > iron-bound phosphorus (Fe-P) > aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P) > calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) > exchangeable phosphorus (Ex-P), showing a seasonal pattern of higher levels in winter and lower levels in summer. The dominant phyla of phoD-harboring bacteria in the soil were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes, collectively accounting for 96% of the average relative abundance. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between the diversity of phoD-harboring bacteria and Al-P, as well as a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) with soil pH. Redundancy analysis indicated that Al-P and pH were the most important factors influencing the community structure of phoD-harboring bacteria. In conclusion, the topsoil of pine forests in the main urban area of Chongqing is generally P-deficient, and the P content is significantly influenced by season. The forms of P occurrence affect the community structure and diversity of phoD-harboring bacteria.