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Degradation of phthalate esters in soils with immobilized microorganisms
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Jian-qin CHEN, Xiang-yu LIU, Jing WU, Jia-yan DING, Yan-zheng GAO*
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(6) : 3370 - 3380
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(6): 3370-3380
Agriculture and Country Emerging Contaminants
Degradation of phthalate esters in soils with immobilized microorganisms
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Jian-qin CHEN, Xiang-yu LIU, Jing WU, Jia-yan DING, Yan-zheng GAO*
Affiliations
  • Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Published: 2025-06-20
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Soil contamination with phthalate esters (PAEs) is a worldwide environmental issue, and a stable and efficient functional microbial agent could be applied to achieve synergistic PAEs degradation. The review comprehensively compared various methods and pathways of microbial immobilization. The different factors on PAEs elimination such as mass transfer environment, substrate concentration, immobilization conditions, and strain combinations were demonstrated. The metabolic pathways of PAEs driven by enzymatic reactions of functional microbes were elucidated. The biological mechanisms of synergistic degradation of PAEs by microbial communities were clarified, and crucial future research areas may include the construction of microbial composite communities, optimization of immobilization carriers, and creation of microbial agent products. Compared to single-free bacteria, the immobilized PAEs-degrading microbial agents not only resist the interference of complex external environments, but specifically perform well on PAE degradation. In addition, immobilized microbial agents may positively promote crop growth.

phthalate ester  /  functional microorganisms  /  immobilization  /  elimination effect  /  degradation mechanism  /  soils
Jian-qin CHEN, Xiang-yu LIU, Jing WU, Jia-yan DING, Yan-zheng GAO. Degradation of phthalate esters in soils with immobilized microorganisms[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (6) : 3370 -3380 .
Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 6
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  • Receive Date:2024-12-15
  • Online Date:2026-02-27
  • Published:2025-06-20
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  • Received:2024-12-15
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    Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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