In order to address the issues of complex processes and high infrastructure and operational costs in simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, a heterotrophic nitrifying strain NP3 exhibiting simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal capabilities was isolated from activated sludge in this study. Strain NP3 was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri by 16S rRNA sequence analysis, and its nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics and mechanisms were investigated. It was showed that strain NP3 was able to utilize ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite as the sole nitrogen source for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal under aerobic conditions. The accumulation of intermediate products during the reaction process was minimal, and nitrogen and phosphorus were primarily removed through assimilation. The growth and metabolic rates followed the order: NH₄⁺-N >NO₂⁻-N >NO₃⁻-N. Under the optimal growth conditions of sodium citrate as the carbon source, C/N=10, T=30℃, pH =7, and r=160r/min, the maximum removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate were almost 100%. Furthermore, successful amplification of denitrification and polyphosphate genes (nosZ, nirS, ppk) further confirmed the simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal capability of strain NP3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrated that the functional groups on the extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) surface could adsorb different forms of phosphorus such as C-PO₃/P-C, PO₄^3-/HPO₄^2-, acting as phosphorus transfer stations.³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results further indicated that there was a large effect of EPS on phosphorus fugitive morphology, with pyrophosphate being the main phosphorus species in the presence of EPS, whereas orthophosphate and orthophosphate diester were the major phosphorus forms after EPS extraction.

To address the issue of insufficient polarization of auxiliary electrodes (AEs) in magnetically assembled electrodes, five types of magnetically assembled electrodes were constructed using five different AEs: CNT/Fe₃O₄、Fe₃O₄/MnO₂、Fe₃O₄/Co₃O₄、Fe₃O₄/RuO₂, and ferrocarbon particles (FC). This study examined the effects of tourmaline on the electrochemical performance of each electrode and its impact on wastewater treatment efficiency. The results demonstrate that tourmaline can significantly enhance the polarization process of AEs, increase the active surface area of the electrodes by up to 28.47%, improve the degradation efficiency of simulated acid red G wastewater by up to 108.06%, and enhance the mineralization efficiency of real petrochemical wastewater by up to 10.61%.

The seasonal vertical distribution of aerosols in the southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert was analysed using aerosol LiDAR data from the Minfeng meteorological station from June 2023 to May 2024, and the HYSPLIT backward trajectory model was employed to identify the transport paths of aerosols at different altitude layers. Finally, the vertical distribution of aerosols and their transport paths at different stages of dust pollution are analysed by taking a dust pollution event as an example. The results show that: ①The dust aerosols can be lifted up to a maximum height of 3~4km (4.4~5.4km above sea level) above the ground surface, which is comparable to the average elevation of the Tibetan Plateau (>4km), and suggests the possibility of transport of dust aerosols from the study site to the outside of the Tarim Basin. ②The extinction coefficients of the four seasons show a decreasing trend with height in the vertical direction, and the maximum values are all located at the low altitude of 150m. The highest values are found in spring (0.69km^-1, 0.20), followed by winter (0.52km^-1, 0.18) and summer (0.40km^-1, 0.16), and the lowest values are found in autumn(0.25km^-1, 0.11). ③The dust aerosols are mainly affected by the east-west transport, except for the 1500 and 3000m altitude layers in winter which are affected by the westerly transport, the 500, 1500 and 3000m altitude layers in the rest of the seasons are affected by the northeasterly and westerly transport at the same time. ④The extinction coefficients carried by the northeasterly jet are significantly higher than those carried by the westerly jet at different altitudes in all seasons, making the northeasterly jet the main dust transporting jet. ⑤The study of a dust pollution event shows that the extinction coefficient of the near-surface aerosols is greater than 1km^-1, the depolarization ratio exceeds 0.3, and the vertical trend is decreasing with height during the dust pollution process. The northeastern airflow in the Tarim Basin is the main transport airflow for dust aerosols during this dust event.

We used the PLUS model to predict the land use pattern under different development scenarios in 2030 in the Loess Plateau, an important ecological barrier in China, and applied the InVEST-Geodector model to analyze the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors in ecosystem carbon storage from 2020 to 2030. The findings were as follows: (1) The area of cropland will decrease under the natural development and ecological protection scenarios; the area of grassland decreases significantly under the cropland protection scenario, and forests and waters are effectively protected under all three scenarios. (2) The ecosystem carbon storage under the natural development, ecological protection, and cropland protection scenarios is 4.922, 5.021, and 4.922Pg, respectively. Compared with those in 2020, carbon storage will increase by 8.07, 37.22, and 8.07Tg, respectively. Carbon storage has obvious spatial heterogeneity, with high carbon density in the northern Qinling Mountains, Taihang Mountains, and Lvliang Mountains and low carbon density in Erdos City and its surrounding areas. Changes in carbon storage are closely related to the changes in the number of land classes and conversion of land use types. In conclusion, the ecological protection scenario is more in line with the future development needs of the study area. (3) The core determinants of ecosystem carbon storage are slope and precipitation, and the dominating combinations of factors driving regional differences and changes in carbon storage are the interactions of slope, soil type, or average annual temperature content with other variables.

A systematic study on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant pathogenic bacteria in the air and corresponding sewage of the sewage treatment plant was conducted. Their enrichment rate in the air and influencing factors were analyzed, and daily respiratory exposure was assessed. A divergence in the distribution of predominant ARGs in ambient air and sewage was revealed, with Sul1 and tetW being identified as the most abundantly detected genetic markers. The taxonomic composition of the dominant pathogenic bacteria was found to be similar across both matrices, with Bacteroides, Klebsiella, and Enterococcus genera being identified as the most prevalent in sequential order. Enrichment of certain ARGs and pathogenic bacteria was observed in the air of wastewater treatment plants, with the highest enrichment rates being attributed to the tetW gene and Megamonas genus, respectively. The transfer process of ARGs and pathogenic bacteria from wastewater to air was influenced by factors such as water quality and aeration processes. Tracing analysis indicated that approximately 73.59%±3.61% of the bacteria in the air of wastewater treatment plants originated from the sewage. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was successfully isolated from both air and sewage samples, with MRSA in the air being observed to exhibit an antibiotic resistance index (0.24) that was significantly higher than that in sewage (0.077±0.045). Furthermore, MRSA's resistance to vancomycin in the air was also found to be greater than that of the corresponding isolates from sewage. The daily inhalation exposure to bacteria for workers at the wastewater treatment plant was estimated to be (1.9±1.5)×10⁵ copies/d, with average exposure to ARGs and mobile genetic elements(MGEs) being calculated as (7.4±7.5)×10⁴ copies/d and (0.8±1.0)×10⁴ copies/d, respectively. The findings of this study were expected to provide scientific data for a comprehensive assessment of health risks associated with air quality in wastewater treatment plants and for the development of corresponding control strategies.

An Approximate Homogeneous Turbulence Simulation system was employed to systematically explore algal responses to the interactive effects of turbulence and salinity by integrating the regulatory roles of these interactions on photosynthesis, nutrient metabolism, extracellular polymeric substances secretion, and grazing activities. It was demonstrated that at the biomass level, the damage to algae caused by turbulence was enhanced at 1‰ salinity, with Chl-a content in the low- and high-turbulence groups being 0.37 and 1.41 times that of the still-water group, respectively. At 4‰ salinity, damage was mitigated, with Chl-a content in these groups being 0.82 and 2.29 times that of the still-water group. This phenomenon was attributed to the regulation of algal photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient utilization rate by salinity. At the community structure level, the energy metabolism was enhanced by the increased salinity, which resulted in a lower water pH, thereby providing a competitive advantage to diatoms and leading to their dominance within the phytoplankton community. However, gas exchange and the shift in zooplankton composition were intensified by the elevated turbulence, mitigating the competitive advantage of diatoms caused by increased salinity. Consequently, the proportion of cyanobacteria increases, reinstating them as the dominant phylum.

TiCeO_x bimetallic catalysts were prepared as catalyst carries. And the Ru-supported catalysts with different dispersions were synthesized by the methods of Ru³⁺ impregnation reduction (bottom to up) and Ru colloid solution thermal diffusion (top to down) methods. In the catalyst RuTiCeO_x-N prepared by Ru³⁺ immersion reduction method, Ru species exist in the form of RuO_x nanoclusters. In the catalyst RuTiCeO_x-A prepared by Ru colloid solution thermal diffusion, Ru species exist in the form of single-atom dispersion. The different dispersion states of Ru species lead to the difference of active oxygen species and acid sites involved in chlorobenzene (CB) oxidation. Chemisorbed oxygen and surface lattice oxygen could be the dominating active oxygen species for RuTiCeO_x-N and RuTiCeO_x-A, respectively. And due to the chemisorption of CB, that could be transformed into hydroxyl radical (-OH) to be involved in the catalytic reaction. Catalyst RuTiCeO_x-A performed better with the complete conversion of CB at 300℃ and 24h of durability test without deactivation. That could be attributed to the synergy between its resulted active oxygen species and multiple acid sites (strong and weak).

The catalytic degradation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons by Ferripyochelin (FerriPCH), formed by the combination of pyochelin (PCH) from the extracellular fluid of P. aeruginosa NY3 and Ferri, was investigated. The results showed that two chiral PCHs were produced by strain NY3. The purified PCH could degrade both alkanes and polycyclic aromatic compounds of petroleum hydrocarbon after combining with Ferri. A certain ratio of hexadecane, anthracene, as well as phenanthrene could be degraded by FerriPCH which formed by PCH and Ferri in the ratio from 2:1 to 1:1. In addition, degradation efficiency of aromatic hydrocarbons with low bio-availability was significantly higher than that of alkanes. Further studies showed that strongly oxidizing free radicals of •OH and •O₂^- produced after the binding of Ferri and PCH degraded petroleum hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water step by step.

This study applied umbrella-shaped modified basalt fiber (MBF) bio-carrier to an integrated fixed-film activated sludge system to investigate the performance of MBF bio-nest in wastewater treatment and N₂O emission reduction. The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) on N₂O reduction in the bio-nest was investigated by changing the DO concentration. The results showed that under the same operating conditions, TN removal efficiency was increased by 63.87% and N₂O emission was reduced by 77.76% in the bio-nest system compared with the sequencing batch activated sludge bioreactor. According to the 16sRNA sequencing results, a variety of functional microregions existed within MBF bio-nests, with a high diversity of microbial populations. Saccharibacteria genera incertae sedis were the main carbon-removing bacteria in the reactor, and heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification(HN-AD) genera were the main nitrifying bacteria, which did not emit N₂O during the nitrification process. Denitrification genera were dominated by conventional heterotrophic denitrification bacteria (HDN) in the inner and middle layers of the bio-nest (17.42%,23.02%), and HN-AD bacteria in the outer layer of the bio-nest and suspended sludge (29.70%, 27.53%). Aerobic/anoxic/anaerobic genera were distributed in all layers of the bio-nest, and denitrification genera had higher relative abundance in the MBF bioreactor than in the SBR, which facilitated denitrification and mitigated the accumulation of intermediate products, reducing N₂O emissions. The MBF bio-nest reactor had the highest TN removal rate of 86.64%±1.14% and the lowest N₂O emission of (0.78±0.83) mg N₂O/g TN when the DO concentration was 2.5mg/L (M2). The bio-nest microbial genus categories were basically the same in each DO gradient, but differed in their relative abundance. In M2, HN-AD bacteria were the main nitrifying functional bacteria in the reactor(the relative abundance of the layers from inside to outside was 44.24%, 61.34%, and 36.16%), which was conducive to N₂O reduction; HDN were the main functional bacteria in the M2reactor, with moderate relative abundance of 20.17%, 12.00%, and 21.20% from inside to outside layers; the concentrations of NO₂^--N and NO₃^--N in the effluent were (0.011±0.002) and (1.65±0.46)mg/L; denitrification was carried out completely, which was conducive to the reduction of N₂O emissions.

The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly contributes to the atmospheric oxidative balance and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, thereby influencing global climate. Reactive substances such as methane, non-methane hydrocarbons, dimethyl sulfide, and halocarbons in the ocean are important components of VOCs, primarily produced through biological and non-biological processes. To date, substantial research has been conducted on the source-sink processes of marine VOCs and their response mechanisms to environmental factors. However, much of this research has focused on biological processes, overlooking the contributions of photochemical processes involving dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the sea surface (micro) layer, which may result in an underestimation of their emissions. In recent years, marine photochemistry, particularly the photochemical processes of DOM in the sea surface micro-layer, has gained increasing attention. This review systematically examines the research progress on the sources and emission fluxes of marine VOCs, with a focus on the mechanisms of VOCs production via DOM photochemistry, their response to environmental factors, and their implications for climate change. Furthermore, future research directions are proposed from the perspectives of technological innovation, mechanism exploration, and environmental assessment. Long-term observation and simulation studies of photochemical processes of DOM in the sea surface micro-layer are highlighted as crucial for revealing the response of marine VOCs photochemical production to human activities and its impact on climate change.