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A systematic study on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant pathogenic bacteria in the air and corresponding sewage of the sewage treatment plant was conducted. Their enrichment rate in the air and influencing factors were analyzed, and daily respiratory exposure was assessed. A divergence in the distribution of predominant ARGs in ambient air and sewage was revealed, with Sul1 and tetW being identified as the most abundantly detected genetic markers. The taxonomic composition of the dominant pathogenic bacteria was found to be similar across both matrices, with Bacteroides, Klebsiella, and Enterococcus genera being identified as the most prevalent in sequential order. Enrichment of certain ARGs and pathogenic bacteria was observed in the air of wastewater treatment plants, with the highest enrichment rates being attributed to the tetW gene and Megamonas genus, respectively. The transfer process of ARGs and pathogenic bacteria from wastewater to air was influenced by factors such as water quality and aeration processes. Tracing analysis indicated that approximately 73.59%±3.61% of the bacteria in the air of wastewater treatment plants originated from the sewage. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was successfully isolated from both air and sewage samples, with MRSA in the air being observed to exhibit an antibiotic resistance index (0.24) that was significantly higher than that in sewage (0.077±0.045). Furthermore, MRSA's resistance to vancomycin in the air was also found to be greater than that of the corresponding isolates from sewage. The daily inhalation exposure to bacteria for workers at the wastewater treatment plant was estimated to be (1.9±1.5)×105 copies/d, with average exposure to ARGs and mobile genetic elements(MGEs) being calculated as (7.4±7.5)×104 copies/d and (0.8±1.0)×104 copies/d, respectively. The findings of this study were expected to provide scientific data for a comprehensive assessment of health risks associated with air quality in wastewater treatment plants and for the development of corresponding control strategies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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