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Occurrence, removal and potential risks of microplastics in disinfection processes of water treatment plants
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Si-kai ZHAO1, Yuan-xin LIU1, Yue LIANG1, Cong LIU2, Jia-jie LI3, Shi-ling CHEN4, Xi CHEN1, Lu LYU1, Bei-yan LI1, Wei-wei YU1, *
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(4) : 2208 - 2219
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(4): 2208-2219
• Emerging Contaminants •
Occurrence, removal and potential risks of microplastics in disinfection processes of water treatment plants
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Si-kai ZHAO1, Yuan-xin LIU1, Yue LIANG1, Cong LIU2, Jia-jie LI3, Shi-ling CHEN4, Xi CHEN1, Lu LYU1, Bei-yan LI1, Wei-wei YU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hehai College, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
  • 2.Southwest Technical Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China
  • 3.Engineering Design Group Co. Ltd., Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
  • 4.Chongqing Jianzhu College, Chongqing 400072, China
Published: 2025-04-20
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This paper reviewed the occurrence characteristics and abundance of microplastics (MPs) in disinfection processes of water treatment plants both inside and outside China, and analyzed the MPs removal effectiveness of chlorine, ozone and ultraviolet disinfection, followed by an in-depth discussion of the effects of MPs presence on disinfection and its secondary pollution. The results showed significant differences in the abundance of MPs across different water treatment plants, primarily existing in the forms of fibers and fragments, predominantly composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP), with most sizes less than 1.0mm and colors mostly black, white, or transparent. The removal rate of the chlorine disinfection unit ranged from 0% to 71.38%; but part of the water treatment plants had seen a rise in MPs abundance after the ozone and ultraviolet disinfection. The removal mechanisms of MPs by disinfection processes remained required further research. Additionally, the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM) in the chlorine disinfection process could reach as high as 453.3µg/mg, higher than the formation potential of typical aquatic natural organic matter and algae organic matter, pointing to greater health risks.

microplastics  /  water treatment disinfection  /  removal effect  /  sterilization impact  /  secondary pollution
Si-kai ZHAO, Yuan-xin LIU, Yue LIANG, Cong LIU, Jia-jie LI, Shi-ling CHEN, Xi CHEN, Lu LYU, Bei-yan LI, Wei-wei YU. Occurrence, removal and potential risks of microplastics in disinfection processes of water treatment plants[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (4) : 2208 -2219 .
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 4
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2024-08-26
  • Online Date：2026-03-19
  • Published：2025-04-20
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  • Received：2024-08-26
Funding
Affiliations
    1.Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hehai College, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
    2.Southwest Technical Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China
    3.Engineering Design Group Co. Ltd., Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
    4.Chongqing Jianzhu College, Chongqing 400072, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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