To understand the current situation of the prevention and control capabilities of sudden acute infectious diseases in health institutions in border and coastal provinces along the Belt and Road within China, thereby providing a basis for formulating prevention and control policies for these diseases.

Considering factors such as geographical regions, cross-border population flows, international trade activities, and historical risks of imported infectious diseases, a questionnaire survey was conducted in May to September 2019 for the health institutions of seven border or coastal provincial-level administrative regions: Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Liaoning province, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, Yunnan province, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Guangdong province, and Fujian province, from the 18 important provincial-level administrative regions in Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. A total of 105 health institutions, encompassing 35 health administrative departments, 35 disease prevention and control institutions, and 35 medical institutions, filled out the questionnaires, and the information related to the prevention and control capabilities of sudden acute infectious diseases in different institutions was collected and analyzed.

The prevention and control capabilities of sudden acute infectious diseases of health institutions at the provincial, municipal, and county levels in the border and coastal provincial-level administrative regions along the Belt and Road within China showed a decreasing trend depending on the administrative level. There were significant gaps in the prevention and control capabilities of sudden acute infectious diseases among health administrative departments and disease prevention and control institutions at different levels, and the capabilities of institutions at the county level was weak. The gap in the capabilities among medical institutions at different levels was small. The assessment revealed uneven development across functional domains. Emergency response systems, rapid response teams, surveillance and risk assessment, and medical treatment were the advantageous areas in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. However, policy planning, emergency resource allocation, laboratory testing, and international cooperation were the weak links.

The prevention and control capabilities of sudden acute infectious diseases were weak in county-level health institutions of the border and coastal provincial-level administrative regions along the Belt and Road within China. It is necessary to focus on strengthening the capacity building at the primary level, particularly in key areas such as policy planning, emergency resource allocation, laboratory testing, and international cooperation.

To analyze the incidence and spatial clustering of anthrax in Gansu province from 2014 to 2023, and to provide evidence for anthrax prevention and control.

Data on 883 reported anthrax cases in Gansu province from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2023 were collected through the “Surveillance and Reporting Management” module of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The Joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze the trend of anthrax incidence. ArcGIS 10.8.2 and FleXScan 3.1.2 were used for global spatial autocorrelation and spatial scanning, respectively.

From 2014 to 2023, a total of 883 skin anthrax cases were reported in Gansu province. The number of cases in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 was 93, 104, 128, 117, 66, 41, 37, 84, 93, and 120, respectively. The incidences of anthrax were 0.36/100 000, 0.40/100 000, 0.49/100 000, 0.45/100 000, 0.25/100 000, 0.16/100 000, 0.14/100 000, 0.34/100 000, 0.35/100 000, and 0.48/100 000, respectively. The incidence increased first, subsequently decreased, and then increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Anthrax cases in Gansu province occurred throughout the year, and the peak of incidence occurred from July to October each year, when 501 cases were reported, accounting for 56.74% of the total number of anthrax cases. The ratio of male-to-female cases was 1.46:1. The disease predominantly affected young adults aged 20–49 (68.74%). The majority (82.33%) of cases occurred among herdsmen. The number of cases in Gannan prefecture ranked the first in the province (92.19%). The results of global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was certain spatial clustering of anthrax incidence in Gansu province from 2014 to 2023. The global Moran′s I indices in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, were 0.438, 0.592, 0.590, 0.639, 0.577, 0.511, 0.530, 0.091, 0.565, and 0.357, respectively (all P < 0.05). FleXScan 3.1.2 software scanned 3 clusters, mainly located in some counties and districts of Gannan prefecture in the southwest of Gansu province and Dingxi city. The first-level cluster area included Maqu county, Luqu county, and Xiahe county in Gannan prefecture, mainly pastoral areas, accounting for 80.63% of the reported cases. Two secondary cluster areas were Hezuo city, Zhuoni county, and Diebu county in Gannan prefecture as well as Minxian county in Dingxi city and Lintan county in Gannan prefecture, accounting for 9.51% and 4.98% of cases, respectively.

The incidence of anthrax in Gansu province from 2014 to 2023 was high and has increased in the past three years. Males, young adults, and herdsmen were the key populations for anthrax prevention and control. The primary cluster areas concentrated in Maqu county, Luqu county, and Xiahe county of Gannan prefecture in the southwest of Gansu province. It is necessary to conduct comprehensive monitoring in the aforementioned counties.

To understand the epidemic dynamics and epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, thus providing a scientific basis for early warning, prediction, and prevention and control of this disease.

On the basis of the case data of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2023 in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, descriptive analysis was performed to reveal the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis, and the ARIMA model was adopted to predict the epidemic trend of this disease.

From 2017 to 2023, the annual reported incidences of human brucellosis cases in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were 30.63/100 000, 39.92/100 000, 56.84/100 000, 64.77/100 000, 91.03/100 000, 79.57/100 000, and 70.34/100 000, respectively. The incidence rose from 2017 to 2021 and declined from 2022 to 2023 (χ² = 7 843.95, P < 0.001). The epidemic had obvious seasonality (Z = 5 561.78, P < 0.01). The cases showed a male: female ratio of 2.20:1, with farmers accounting for 78.4%. The proportion of cases with a time interval of 0 to 15 days between onset and diagnosis increased year by year (χ² = 419.38, P < 0.001). The reported cases in the acute phase and subacute phase accounted for 80.21% and 16.27%, respectively. The proportion of reported cases transitioning from acute and subacute phases to chronic phase decreased year by year (χ² = 581.18, P < 0.01). The ARIMA(2,1,1)(0,1,1)₁₂ model established with the minimum AIC value of 224.65 was the optimal, demonstrating satisfactory fitting effect in prediction.

The reported incidence of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region shows an overall upward trend from 2017 to 2021 and a decreasing trend from 2022 to 2024.

To analyze the detection status and epidemiological characteristics of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies of suspected measles and rubella cases in Hebei province from 2020 to 2024, thus providing technical support for optimizing the prevention and control strategies.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect IgM antibodies in the serum samples of suspected measles and rubella cases in Hebei province from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024, and the test results were analyzed.

A total of 8 064 serum samples were tested. Among them, 214 (2.65%) were positive for measles IgM antibodies, and 80 (0.99%) were positive for rubella IgM antibodies. The years 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024 showed the annual positive rates of measles IgM antibodies being 5.38%, 2.70%, 2.05%, 1.89%, and 1.58% and the annual positive rates of rubella IgM antibodies being 2.30%, 0.97%, 0.85%, 0.54%, and 0.47%, respectively. The IgM antibody positive rates of both measles and rubella showed a declining trend from 2020 to 2024 (all P < 0.001). From 2020 to 2024, positive cases of both measles and rubella were detected among the suspected cases every month. The highest monthly positive rates for both measles (18.67%) and rubella (12.03%) occurred in January. Geographically, Cangzhou city had the highest measles IgM positive rate (4.73%), while Qinhuangdao city had the highest rubella IgM positive rate (4.21%). No significant gender difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the IgM antibody positive rate for measles (2.75% in males vs. 2.54% in females) or rubella (1.11% in males vs. 0.86% in females). Age-specific analysis revealed significant variations (P < 0.001). Specifically, the age groups of < 8 months, 8 months to 4 years, 5 to 9 years, 10 to 19 years, and ≥ 20 years showed the IgM antibody positive rates of measles being 3.77%, 3.95%, 1.45%, 1.99%, and 1.40% and the IgM antibody positive rates of rubella being 0.94%, 0.70%, 0.65%, 4.47%, and 0.75%, respectively. The IgM antibody positive rates of measles in suspected cases with no vaccination, one-dose vaccination, and two-dose vaccination were 2.80%, 8.46%, and 0.79%, respectively, showing significant differences (χ² = 209.186, P < 0.001). The IgM antibody positive rates of rubella in suspected cases with no vaccination, one-dose vaccination, and two-dose vaccination were 1.16%, 1.34%, and 0.76%, respectively, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05).

The IgM antibody positive rates of measles and rubella in suspected cases in Hebei province consistently declined from 2020 to 2024, being the highest in January. Cangzhou and Qinhuangdao were identified as key areas for the prevention and control of measles and rubella, respectively. Measles prevention should prioritize younger age groups and individuals who have not completed the full vaccination course, whereas rubella prevention efforts should focus on the population of 10 - 19 years old.

To analyze the whole genome sequences and the population evolution characteristics of monkeypox viruses from four cases in Guizhou province from 2023 to 2024.

Samples were collected from four monkeypox cases in Guizhou province, and the whole genome sequences of the viruses were obtained by amplicon sequencing. High-quality genome sequences of monkeypox viruses in Asia from 2022 to 2024 were screened and downloaded from the GISAID database to construct a population dataset containing 173 sequences. This dataset was used for divergence time estimation, phylogenetic analysis, and mutation site identification.

In the population dataset, the number of sequences was the largest in 2023 (126), followed by that in 2022 (33) and 2024 (14). It was estimated that the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of monkeypox viruses emerged in 2013, with an evolutionary rate of 3.77×10⁻⁵ subs/site/year. From 2022 to 2024, the diversity of monkeypox virus lineages declined, with the dominant lineage changing from IIb.A.2 to IIb.C.1. China had the most diverse monkeypox virus lineages, including IIb.C.1, IIb.B.1.3, IIb.B.1.20, IIb.B.1, IIb.B.1.5, and IIb.A.1. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the prevalent strains in 2022 were mainly related to lineage A of clade IIb. In 2023, IIb.C.1 became the dominant lineage, and it further evolved to be dominated by sublineage IIb.C.1.1 with the emergence of IIb.B.1. Due to the limited data volume of the 2024 samples, no significant new clusters were formed. The viruses from the four cases in Guizhou province all belonged to the clade IIb.C.1. Nine to 20 mutation sites were identified in each sample. Among them, N3R_R84K was the common mutation site of the four cases, and amino acid mutations and back mutations were observed at this site.

Monkeypox viruses present variations and diversity in China, and its evolutionary dynamics show obvious time dependence. The monkeypox viruses from all the four cases in Guizhou province from 2023 to 2024 belonged to the lineage IIb.C.1 and all carried the key mutation site N3R_R84K. Continuous monitoring of the viral genome should be carried out, with close attention paid to the sources, transmission chains, and variations of the virus.

To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province and its associated factors, providing a scientific basis for developing targeted prevention and control measures for dyslipidemia.

From January to June 2023, 32 857 permanent residents aged ≥18 years in Hainan province were selected via a random cluster sampling method to participate in a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province was investigated. Furthermore, a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was adopted to examine the influencing factors of the prevalence in the local population.

Among the 31 341 adult residents included in the final analysis, 13 377 were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, with a prevalence rate of 42.68% and a standardized prevalence rate of 39.40%. Hypercholesterolemia (high TC) showed a prevalence rate of 26.39% (8 271 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 22.34%. Hypertriglyceridemia (high TG) had a prevalence rate of 17.82% (5 586 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 18.62%. High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (high LDL-C) showed a prevalence rate of 17.26% (5 408 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 14.35%, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (low HDL-C) had a prevalence rate of 8.05% (2 524 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 9.02%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by body mass index, BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were risk factors for dyslipidemia, while being female, residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. For hypercholesterolemia (high TC), the risk factors included being female, age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while protective factors were residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight. For hypertriglyceridemia (high TG), rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were identified as risk factors, whereas being female, age ≥ 45 years, being married, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. High LDL-C was associated with risk factors such as age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while higher educational background (college or above), residing in central and western China, and being underweight were protective factors. For low HDL-C, risk factors included diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio, while being female, age ≥ 45 years, alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors.

The prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult residents in Hainan Province is high, with hypercholesterolemia (high TC) being the most common subtype. Age, diabetes, BMI, and waist-to-height ratio were identified as common influencing factors for the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its four subtypes in this population.

To compare different cryopreservation methods for lymphocytes and explore an optimized preservation protocol.

Cryoprotectant formulations [containing different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), fetal bovine serum (FBS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and bovine serum albumin (BSA)] were screened for lymphocytes to identify two optimized formulations: experimental group 1 (C11): (7.5% DMSO + 10% FBS + 2.5% PEG + 2% BSA) and experimental group 2 (C21): (7.5% DMSO + 2.5% PEG + 2% BSA). On this basis, cryopreservation performance was compared between the two optimized cryoprotectant formulations paired with their respective optimal cooling rates (C11: −3 °C/min; C21: −1 °C/min) and the conventional cryopreservation method [control group (C0)]: (10% DMSO + 90% FBS) with gradient cooling. After 5 days of cryopreservation, cells were thawed to assess preservation quality indicators in terms of cell viability and functionality across groups.

The cell recovery rate at 0 h post-thawing in the control group (C0) (65.70 ± 1.06)% was lower than that in the experimental group 1 (C11) [(82.45 ± 3.27)%, t = −8.44, P < 0.05] and experimental group 2 (C21) [(83.96 ± 0.81)%, t = −23.72, P < 0.05]. The apoptosis rate at 0 h post-thawing in the control group (C0) (6.93 ± 0.55)% was higher than that in the experimental group 1 (C11) [(5.30% ± 0.56)%, t = 3.61, P < 0.05] and experimental group 2 (C21) [(4.93 ± 0.45)%, t = 4.87, P < 0.05]. Moreover, the differences between groups were statistically significant.

Based on multifactorial screening and optimization, the experimental group 2 using a serum-free cryoprotectant with a cooling rate of −1 °C/min outperforms the conventional cryopreservation method in terms of cell quality. This preservation protocol provides a scientific reference for the cryopreservation of lymphocytes.

To grasp the occurrence pattern and epidemiological characteristics of poisonous mushroom poisoning events in China from 2014 to 2023, thus providing a basis for the prevention and control of poisonous mushroom poisoning.

The epidemiological characteristics of poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents reported by the Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System (PHERMIS) nationwide from 2014 to 2023 were descriptively analyzed.

From 2014 to 2023, a total of 570 poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents were reported nationwide, involving 2 768 reported poisoning cases and 604 deaths. The incidents with 1 to 2 cases and 1 death were predominant, accounting for 35.79% and 48.77% of the total number of incidents, respectively. June to September was the period with high incidence (83.51%) of poisonous mushroom poisoning. Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou were the provinces with higher incidence of poisonous mushroom poisoning, with the reported incidents accounting for 35.79%, 16.32%, and 10.70% of the total, respectively. Self-picked poisonous mushrooms were the main source of poisoning, which accounted for 91.75% of the total number of incidents. The occurrence place of the incidents was mainly households, which accounted for 86.67% of the total number of incidents. Twenty-four species of poisonous mushrooms were identified through the surveillance reports, of which Amanita (Amanitaceae) caused the highest number of poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents, poisoning, and deaths, which accounted for 23.86%, 18.03%, and 31.46% of the total, respectively.

Deaths caused by poisonous mushroom poisoning remain the main factor of deaths caused by food poisoning. The incidence is high in summer and fall, and accidental picking and ingestion by families are the main cause. The poisonous mushrooms eaten by mistake mainly belong to Amanita.

To examine the age-related trajectories of the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and their longitudinal association with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among middle-aged and elderly Chinese residents, providing scientific evidence for dietary guidance in T2DM prevention.

Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort (1991–2018). A total of 4 342 participants aged ≥ 40 years without baseline diabetes, who had completed ≥ 3 rounds of dietary surveys and ≥ 2 rounds of assessments on sociodemographics, lifestyle, medical history, anthropometry, and blood glucose, were included. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify E-DII trajectory patterns, and a two-level Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association between E-DII trajectories and T2DM incidence.

The study included 4 342 middle-aged and elderly participants aged ≥ 40 years, contributing 29 979 person-years of follow-up, mean follow-up (6.90 ± 2.54) person-years. During the follow-up, 401 T2DM cases were identified, yielding an incidence density of 13.38 per 1 000 person-years and a cumulative incidence of 9.24%. Three distinct E-DII trajectory groups were identified for both sexes. Among males, the three groups were labeled as "moderate pro-inflammatory–increasing" (78.82%), "moderate pro-inflammatory–decreasing" (6.10%), and "high pro-inflammatory–stable" (15.08%) groups, with cumulative T2DM incidence rates of 10.05%, 14.17%, and 11.45%, respectively. Among females, the three groups were "low pro-inflammatory–increasing" (16.60%), "moderate pro-inflammatory–decreasing" (6.74%), and "moderate pro-inflammatory–stable" (76.66%) groups, with cumulative T2DM incidence rates of 9.90%, 3.75%, and 8.19%, respectively. After adjusting for baseline age, educational background, marital status, residence, annual per capita family income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep duration, chronic disease history, mean daily energy intake, body mass index, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and follow-up duration, a two-level Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that females in the "moderate pro-inflammatory–stable" and "low pro-inflammatory–increasing" groups had 3.22-fold (95%CI: 1.37–7.55) and 4.81-fold (95%CI: 1.96–11.83) higher risks of T2DM, respectively, than those in the "moderate pro-inflammatory–decreasing" group. No significant association was observed in males.

Pro-inflammatory dietary patterns are prevalent among middle-aged and elderly Chinese residents. In females, both an upward trend in E-DII with age and sustained high pro-inflammatory levels are associated with an elevated risk of T2DM.

To understand the current status and influencing factors of the first-dose and full-course vaccination for human papillomavirus (HPV) among girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015, thus providing evidence for formulating HPV vaccination strategies for girls.

Data related to HPV vaccination for 691 632 girls born between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015 and registered in the Beijing Immunization Information System were collected. The current status and influencing factors of the first-dose and full-course vaccination for HPV were analyzed.

Among the 691 632 girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015, 27 011 girls received the first dose of HPV vaccine, with the first-dose vaccination rate of 3.91%; 12 534 girls received the full course of HPV vaccines, with the full-course vaccination rate of 1.81%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis results showed that girls born in Beijing between 2010 and 2011, as well as those in areas covered by the HPV vaccination program, had higher first-dose vaccination rates for HPV. In contrast, girls born in Beijing between 2012 and 2015, those with non-local or unknown household registration, and those living in suburban and outer suburban areas had lower first-dose vaccination rates. Among the girls born in Beijing, those residing in areas covered by the HPV vaccination program had a high full-course vaccination rate, while those born between 2011 and 2015, those with unknown household registration, and those living in outer suburban areas had lower full-course vaccination rates.

The girls born in Beijing between 2009 and 2015 had lower first-dose and full-course vaccination rates for HPV, especially those born between 2012 and 2015, living in outer suburban areas, and in areas not covered by the HPV vaccination program.

To analyze the myopia rate variations and orthokeratology lens wearing among primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023, thus providing a basis for comprehensive prevention and control for myopia.

A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 42 007, 41 680, 43 410, 43 114, and 39 893 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 17 years old from September to October every year from 2019 to 2023 for visual acuity examination.

The myopia rates of students aged 8 to 17 from 2019 to 2023 were 65.59%, 66.56%, 67.51%, 67.09%, and 66.20% respectively, showing a steady trend (APC = 0.29, P > 0.05). The reporting rate of students wearing orthokeratology lenses increased from 2.90% in 2019 to 7.75% in 2023, with an annual growth rate of 27.61% (P < 0.05). The myopia rates in urban areas from 2019 to 2023 were 68.95%, 70.22%, 71.29%, 70.59%, and 69.06%, respectively, which were higher than those (62.56%, 63.22%, 64.09%, 64.08%, and 63.64%, respectively) in rural areas. The proportions of students wearing orthokeratology lenses in urban areas were 4.94%, 6.11%, 9.06%, 11.11%, and 12.70%, respectively, which were higher than those (0.88%, 1.13%, 2.40%, 2.50%, and 2.95%, respectively) in rural areas. The reporting rate of urban students wearing orthokeratology lens showed an upward trend (APC = 26.98, P < 0.01), and that of rural students showed an upward trend (APC = 32.74, P < 0.01). In 2023, the full correction rate of 8- to 17-year-old students wearing orthokeratology lenses was 76.52%. With the increase in age, the proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses and the full correction rate first increased and then decreased, being higher among students aged 10 to 12 years old.

The myopia rate is high among students aged 8 to 17 years old in Beijing. The proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses is increasing year by year, and the full correction rate of orthokeratology lens is high.

To analyze the screening and follow-up results for colorectal cancer (CRC) among urban residents in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province from 2014 to 2021, thereby providing evidence for optimizing local CRC screening strategies.

From July 2014 to December 2021, a randomized cluster sampling method was used to select 521 799 urban residents aged 40–74 years from 44 communities (8 in Gulou district, 5 in Yunlong district, 15 in Quanshan district, 5 in Jiawang district, and 11 in Tongshan district) in Xuzhou city. A risk assessment questionnaire was administered to identify high-risk populations for CRC, followed by clinical screening. The high-risk rate, colonoscopy compliance rate, and lesion detection rate were analyzed. All participants in the questionnaire survey underwent regular follow-up, with detailed documentation of outcomes.

From 2014 to 2021, a total of 118 012 urban residents in Xuzhou completed the questionnaire, with 15 444 high-risk individuals (high-risk rate: 13.09%) being identified. Among the high-risk group, 4 070 underwent colonoscopy (compliance rate: 26.35%). Colonoscopy detected non-neoplastic polyps (1 096 cases), non-advanced adenomas (812 cases), advanced adenomas (191 cases), and CRC (5 cases), which showed the detection rates of 26.93%, 19.95%, 4.69%, and 0.12%, respectively. The early diagnosis rate was 85.46% (194/227). By December 31, 2023, the median follow-up time was 6.1 years, with 458 reported CRC cases (cumulative incidence: 0.39%) and 107 CRC deaths (cumulative mortality: 0.09%). Among confirmed cases with TNM staging (280 cases, 61.14% of total new cases), the proportion of early-stage cancer was higher in the high-risk group (62.79%) than in the non-high-risk group (44.73%) (χ² = 4.76, P = 0.029).

From 2014 to 2021 in Xuzhou, colonoscopy compliance and CRC detection rates remained low among high-risk urban populations. The high-risk group exhibited a higher proportion of early-stage cancer than the non-high-risk group, which suggested that CRC screening in high-risk populations can improve the early diagnosis rate.

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and related influencing factors of fatal drowning in children and adolescents aged 0–17 years in Chongqing, thus providing evidence for the prevention and control of fatal drowning in this population.

The Child Drowning Death Questionnaire designed by the Chronic Disease Center of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was adopted to collect case information of fatal drowning in children and adolescents aged 0–17 years in Chongqing, 2022 by medical history/death record review, telephone interviews, household surveys, and home visits. The investigation comprised three essential components: basic information, drowning death accident information, and drowning death accident investigation process information.

In 2022, the drowning mortality of children and adolescents aged 0–17 years in Chongqing was 3.36/100 000 (standardized mortality of 3.42/100 000). The drowning mortality was higher in boys (4.64/100 000) than in girls (1.93/100 000) and higher in rural areas (4.19/100 000) than in urban areas (1.09/100 000). It was the highest among adolescents aged 15–17 years (5.66/100 000). There were differences in the places of fatal drowning among children of different ages (χ² = 59.918, P < 0.001), with those over 10 years old mostly occurring in natural water bodies, and those under 10 years old primarily happening in public water storage areas. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in injury intention of fatal drowning among children of different sexes (χ² = 3.866) and ages (χ² = 7.021). Most (90.82%) of fatal drowning in children was unintentional, of which 4.26% were skilled swimmers; 0.53% took preventive measures; and 2.70% were effectively cared for (with an adult caregiver, uninterrupted care for nothing else and at arm′s length). On-site first aid mainly consisted of passers-by and adult caregivers, mainly cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, the cases with time interval from drowning to CPR being ≤ 5 min only accounted for 6.76%.

The drowning mortality is high among children and adolescents in Chongqing, and special attention should be paid to the prevention of drowning in boys and rural areas. Attention be focused on the investigation and management of dangerous waters in rural areas, the swimming skill and water safety education for children and adolescents, the nursing awareness and nursing skill training of adult caregivers, the application of intelligent monitoring system in key waters, and the popularization of first aid technology.

To analyze the current status of biosafety laboratory management in testing institutions in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province from 2018 to 2023, identify weak points in management, and propose strategies to enhance the laboratory biosafety management.

A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the on-site biosafety assessment data from laboratories of the testing institutions in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2023.

From 2018 to 2023, a total of 125 institutions were inspected. The biosafety indicator compliance rates varied across different years (χ² = 27.409, P < 0.001). Among the indicators, labeling usage and management had the lowest compliance rate of 63.20%. In addition, significant differences were also found across years in terms of organizational management, facility and equipment, experimental waste management, and labeling usage and management (χ² = 24.312, 24.417, 21.098, and 16.614, respectively, all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the distribution of laboratory biosafety assessment scores altered across different years (H = 89.843, P < 0.001).

Hangzhou has made continuous progress and demonstrated a high level in the laboratory biosafety management of testing institutions. However, there are still notable deficiencies in areas such as laboratory waste management, the use of labels, and organizational management.

To explore the difference of influencing factors on the death between young and middle-aged tuberculosis patients and elderly tuberculosis patients and construct an age-stratified nomogram prediction model for the death risk of tuberculosis patients.

A total of 100 811 confirmed cases of tuberculosis treated and closed in 14 designated tuberculosis hospitals in Hangzhou from January 2005 to December 2021 were included as the training set, and 7 669 confirmed cases treated and closed from January 2022 to June 2023 were included as the validation set. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to evaluate the independent risk predictors of death of young and middle-aged and elderly tuberculosis patients, and an age-stratified nomogram model was constructed. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated based on the index of consistency (C-index), area under the curve (AUC), and calibration curve.

Age (HR = 1.056, 95%CI: 1.047–1.066), gender (HR = 1.353, 95%CI: 1.060–1.727), current residence (HR = 1.792, 95%CI: 1.434–2.240), pathogenic diagnosis results (HR = 2.338, 95%CI: 1.711–3.193), drug resistance (HR = 1.724, 95%CI: 1.098–2.707), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (HR = 4.342, 95%CI: 1.391–13.552), history of tuberculosis (HR = 1.627, 95%CI: 1.225–2.161), treatment plan (HR = 1.345, 95%CI: 1.054–1.716), use of fixed-dose combination (FDC) in the whole process or not (HR = 2.342, 95%CI: 1.310–4.188) were independent influencing factors for the death of young and middle-aged patients. Age (HR = 1.086, 95%CI: 1.080–1.092), gender (HR = 1.548, 95%CI: 1.390–1.724), pathogenic diagnosis results (HR = 2.144, 95%CI: 1.888–2.435), treatment management methods (HR = 1.182, 95%CI: 1.044–1.337), history of tuberculosis (HR = 1.217, 95%CI: 1.077–1.374), and use of FDC in the whole process or not (HR = 1.200, 95%CI: 1.010–1.426) were independent influencing factors for the death of elderly patients.

The factors influencing the death of young and middle-aged tuberculosis patients were different from those of the elderly. The age-stratified nomogram model constructed demonstrated good performance in predicting the death of tuberculosis patients.

To investigate the intestinal colonization rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among rural residents in Weifang city, Shandong province and identify the associated factors, thereby providing evidence for the prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria at the community level.

In November 2023, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 833 rural residents from 12 villages in Weifang city, Shandong province. Questionnaire surveys and fecal sample CRE detection were conducted. The colonization rate of CRE in the intestine and the associated factors were analyzed.

Among the 767 rural residents ultimately included in the analysis, 59 individuals had fecal samples that tested positive for CRE, resulting in an intestinal colonization rate of CRE being 7.69%. Among the 59 samples that tested positive for CRE strains, 38, 5, 5, 4, 4, 2, and 1 samples were positive for Escherichia coli (64.41%), Escherichia albertii (8.47%), Enterobacter hormaechei (8.47%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.78%), Proteus mirabilis (6.78%), Citrobacter freundii (3.39%), and Klebsiella variicola (1.69%), respectively. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that drinking unboiled well water or tap water (OR = 3.36, 95%CI: 1.16–9.71) and using animal manure as fertilizer (OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.05–4.24) were positively correlated with the intestinal colonization rate of CRE among rural residents in Weifang city. In contrast, handwashing after using the toilet (OR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.15–0.70) and using an indoor toilet (OR = 0.18, 95%CI: 0.05–0.73) were negatively correlated with the intestinal colonization rate.

The intestinal colonization rate of CRE is high among rural residents in Weifang city, Shandong province, with E. coli being the predominant species. Drinking unboiled well water or tap water, using animal manure as fertilizer, handwashing habits after using the toilet, and using an indoor toilet are significantly associated with CRE colonization in the local rural population.

To understand the trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021 and provide scientific evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control policies.

The data of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021). The standardized incidence rate and standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate were used for descriptive analysis. A Joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze the trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021, and annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated.

The standardized incidence rate of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China increased from 0.42/100 000 in 1990 to 2.14/100 000 in 2021, showing an overall upward trend (AAPC = 5.40%, P < 0.001). The standardized DALYs rate decreased from 0.71/100 000 in 1990 to 0.07/100 000 in 2021, demonstrating a declining trend (AAPC = –7.09%, P < 0.001). The standardized incidence rate of dengue fever increased the most from 2010 to 2014 (APC = 21.19%, P < 0.001), and the standardized DALYs rate of dengue fever decreased the most from 1992 to 1998 (APC = –16.78%, P < 0.001). The standardized incidence rates of dengue fever in males, females, population < 5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years old increased from 0.39/100 000, 0.45/100 000, 0.29/100 000, 0.53/100 000, 0.46/100 000, and 0.41/100 000 in 1990 to 2.01/100 000, 2.28/100 000, 1.53/100 000, 2.53/100 000, 2.31/100 000, and 2.08/100 000 in 2021, respectively, showing a rising trend (all P < 0.001). The standardized DALYs rates of dengue fever in males, females, population < 5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years old decreased from 0.88/100 000, 0.52/100 000, 2.36/100 000, 0.37/100 000, 0.07/100 000 and 0.04/100 000 in 1990 to 0.08/100 000, 0.06/100 000, 0.15/100 000, 0.07/100 000, 0.03/100 000, and 0.03/100 000 in 2021, respectively, presenting a declining trend (all P < 0.001).

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China showed an increasing trend, while the DALYs rate showed a decreasing trend. The incidence rate in females and the population < 5 years old increased more.

To investigate the current status of job satisfaction and its influencing factors among public health service personnel in Shanxi province, and to provide a reference for improving the quality of public health services in Shanxi province.

From June to December 2023, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 694 in-service personnel participating in public health services from 60 public health institutions and medical institutions in six cities in southern, central, and northern Shanxi province. An online questionnaire survey was conducted via the Questionnaire Star platform. Non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of job satisfaction among public health service personnel in the region. A random forest model was used to rank the importance of these influencing factors.

The overall job satisfaction score of public health service personnel in Shanxi province was 12.00 (11.75, 16.00). The satisfaction scores for talent treatment guarantee, talent incentive mechanism, talent evaluation model, and talent promotion mechanism were all 3.00 (3.00, 4.00). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that female gender (β' = 0.063), higher occupational identity (β' = 0.206), willingness to participate in cross-training of clinical skills for public health technical personnel (β' = 0.029), establishment of a "peace-epidemic" functional transformation mechanism in the unit (β' = 0.042), establishment of a traditional Chinese medicine collaboration mechanism in the unit (β' = 0.056), complete information docking between the unit and medical institutions (β' = 0.071), slight improvement in personnel treatment guarantee in the past three years (β' = 0.103) and significant improvement (β' = 0.147), slight improvement in talent incentive mechanism (β' = 0.143) and significant improvement (β' = 0.170), slight improvement in talent evaluation model (β' = 0.084) and significant improvement (β' = 0.167), and slight improvement in talent promotion mechanism (β' = 0.152) and significant improvement (β' = 0.203) were associated with higher overall job satisfaction among public health service personnel in Shanxi province. A master′s degree or above (β' = –0.029) and participation in technical guidance for primary public health services (β' = –0.054) were associated with lower overall job satisfaction (all P<0.05). Random forest model analysis showed that the top five influencing factors in the importance ranking of job satisfaction among public health service personnel in Shanxi province were occupational identity, talent incentive mechanism, talent promotion mechanism, talent evaluation model, and personnel treatment guarantee, with %IncMSE values and IncNodePurity values of 41.94 and 804.52, 30.51 and 1464.13, 30.45 and 1454.41, 29.66 and 1681.55, and 23.78 and 988.18, respectively.

The job satisfaction of public health service personnel in Shanxi province is at a medium-to-high level. Efforts to improve their job satisfaction can focus on enhancing occupational identity, providing on-demand vocational training opportunities, strengthening information technology construction, and improving talent team development.