To establish a core element framework for preventive medicine talent cultivation programs under the New Medical Science initiative and evaluate the current status of training programs in local comprehensive universities, thereby providing references for talent training reforms.

From June 2024 to August 2025, thirteen policy documents and academic publications on preventive medicine education were systematically reviewed. Content analysis and NVivo 10 software were employed to codify core elements. Training programs from 20 local comprehensive universities (2024) were collected, with core element alignment analyzed via Excel.

Among local comprehensive universities, the curriculum coverage rates for interdisciplinary integration, emerging technology applications, and global health perspectives were 45%, 35%, and 30%, respectively, indicating insufficient coverage in advanced fields. Practical teaching openness and innovation/entrepreneurship practice coverage stood at 40% and 50%, respectively, highlighting a need for enhanced innovation. Dual-qualified teachers and interdisciplinary faculty accounted for 35% and 30%, respectively, revealing a relative lack of composite faculty.

There is a gap between the preventive medicine education in local comprehensive universities and the requirements of New Medical Science in terms of curriculum advancement, practical innovation, and faculty structure. Reforms should prioritize curriculum optimization, teaching model innovation, and composite faculty development.

To assess the satisfaction of trainees with the 2024 large-scale online learning program within China's disease control and prevention system (CDC system), thus providing reference data for optimizing talent development within the CDC system.

Data of satisfaction surveys were collected from 44 333 trainees across all levels of CDC institutions and related organizations nationwide who participated in the online training program from November 7 to December 15, 2024, via the National CDC Integrated Management Platform. The analysis focused on the drivers of participation, satisfaction with the training program, perceptions of learning outcomes and knowledge application, as well as the strengths of the learning platform and barriers affecting participation.

Among the 44 333 trainees participating in the CDC system's online learning program, 69.2% were motivated by enhancing their professional skills and competencies. Trainee satisfaction rates for course module design and recording, instructors, course contents, targeted thematic design, and course duration were 87.9%, 92.2%, 90.8%, 90.2%, and 84.7%, respectively. Among the trainees, 97.4% believed the online learning enhanced their understanding of professional knowledge and broadened their knowledge base, while 92.0% indicated the knowledge and skills acquired could be easily applied to their actual work. The primary strength of the CDC system's large-scale online learning platform was its abundant resources, whereas the lack of practical activities and opportunities for interaction constituted the main barriers affecting participant engagement.

Trainees demonstrate high satisfaction with the CDC system's large-scale online learning program. The initiative achieved broad coverage of high-quality resources, though improvements are needed in course duration scheduling and teaching interactivity.

To construct an evaluation index system for the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) that adapts to the "learning while doing" training model and has a long training cycle, thereby providing a measurement tool for targeted training implementation and improvement of training effectiveness.

A preliminary quality evaluation index system for the FETP was established through literature review with the Kirkpatrick model and CIPP model as theoretical frameworks. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted among 43 experts engaged in relevant fields. Indexes were screened based on scores for rationality, importance, and operability, and the weight of each index was calculated.

The expert positive coefficient (100.00% vs. 93.02%) and expert authority coefficient (0.886 vs. 0.849) in the second round were higher than those in the first round. The concordance coefficients of rationality, importance, and operability of expert opinions were 0.118, 0.127, and 0.089 in the first round (P < 0.05) and 0.179, 0.189, and 0.163 in the second round (P < 0.01), respectively, indicating good concordance of expert opinions. After screening, the final index system for evaluation of FETP quality consisted of 3 first-level indexes, 8 second-level indexes, and 50 third-level indexes. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the third-level indexes for rationality, importance, and operability were 0.07–0.22, 0.06–0.22, and 0.09–0.20, respectively. The normalized weights of the first-level, second-level, and third-level indexes were within the ranges of 0.319–0.351, 0.101–0.151, and 0.009–0.026, respectively.

The constructed index system for the FETP quality evaluation demonstrates good scientificity and reliability. While balancing training process management and effectiveness evaluation, the system comprehensively considers the importance of training needs, providing measurement contents and quantitative basis for the quality assessment of program implementation.

To understand the current status of epidemiological investigation capabilities among professional technical personnel in district-level centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) of Guangzhou, and to explore the influencing factors.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among professional technical personnel from district-level CDCs in Guangzhou via online questionnaires. The questionnaire contents included the basic demographics, epidemiological investigation capabilities, and comprehensive personal competencies of the participants. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to study the basic characteristics of the participants, and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors of their epidemiological investigation capabilities and comprehensive personal competencies.

A total of 335 participants of professional technical personnel from district-level CDCs were included. The proportions were high for females (60.60%), those aged 30–40 (42.99%), those with a undergraduate degree (61.49%), those majoring in preventive medicine (80.89%), those with primary professional titles (42.39%), and those with < 5 years of work hours in infectious disease-related departments (63.88%). The epidemiological investigation capability assessment showed that the analytical and reporting ability had the lowest score [(2.74 ± 1.00) points], while the organizational preparation ability had the highest score [(3.10 ± 0.99) points]. For comprehensive personal competency assessment, public speaking ability had the lowest score [(2.92 ± 0.86) points], and teamwork ability had the highest score [(3.72 ± 0.74) points]. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that epidemiological investigation capabilities were associated with gender (β = –0.41), educational background (β = 0.29), major (β = –0.40), professional title (β = 0.21), and work experience in infectious disease-related departments (β = 0.23) (all P<0.05). Comprehensive personal competencies were associated with gender (β = –0.22), educational background (β = 0.27), major (β = –0.12), and professional title (β = 0.12) (all P < 0.05).

The analytical and reporting capability of professional technical personnel in district-level CDCs of Guangzhou needs to be strengthened. Establishing academic upgrading and continuing education platforms, along with strengthening practical training in infectious disease-related departments, can improve the epidemiological investigation capabilities and comprehensive professional literacy of personnel in primary-level CDCs.

To investigate the associations of plasma aluminum and manganese levels and the environmental risk score (ERS) with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the rural population of southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, thereby providing new insights for the prevention of CVD in this population.

A typical sampling method was used to enroll 12 794 rural residents ≥ 18 years in a regiment of a division in southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from August to September 2016 for the baseline survey, and follow-up surveys were carried out in July 2019, July 2020, August 2021, and June 2022. During the follow-up period, 761 newly diagnosed CVD cases were enrolled in the CVD group. In addition, 761 participants without CVD and with the age differences ≤ 3 years from the CVD cases were enrolled in the control group for a nested case-control study. Plasma levels of aluminum and manganese were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. An adaptive elastic net model was employed to construct the ERS. Conditional multivariate logistic regression was employed to assess the associations of plasma aluminum and manganese levels and ERS with the risk of CVD. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the dose-response relationship between ERS and CVD risk.

The plasma aluminum and manganese levels in the CVD group were 31.46 (22.82, 46.13) μg/L and 2.71 (1.85, 4.14) μg/L, respectively. Corresponding levels in the control group were 29.97 (21.98, 42.46) μg/L and 2.37 (1.66, 3.70) μg/L, respectively. The CVD group had higher plasma aluminum and manganese levels than the control group. After adjusting for age, sex, educational background, smoking, alcohol consumption, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and family history of CVD, the conditional multivariate logistic regression showed that elevated plasma levels of both aluminum (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.04–1.32) and manganese (OR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.05–1.32) were associated with an increased risk of CVD. When the plasma manganese level was used as a categorical variable, the risk of CVD in the high plasma manganese group was 1.58 times of that in the low plasma manganese group (95%CI: 1.26–1.97). Moreover, the plasma aluminum level had a positive linear dose-response relationship with the risk of CVD (P_overall = 0.022, P_nonlinear = 0.112). Following inclusion of the linear term for aluminum concentration, linear term for manganese concentration, quadratic term for aluminum, quadratic term for manganese, and the aluminum-manganese interaction term into the adaptive elastic net model, the linear term for manganese (β = 0.02, 95%CI: –0.05–0.10), the quadratic term for aluminum (β = 0.01, 95%CI: 0.00–0.02), and the aluminum-manganese interaction term (β = 0.01, 95%CI: –0.01–0.03) were retained. ERS was calculated by summing the products of the metal terms retained in the adaptive elastic net model and their corresponding regression coefficients. An increase in ERS was associated with an elevated risk of CVD (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.08–1.35). Furthermore, a positive linear dose-response relationship was observed between ERS and CVD risk (P_overall = 0.021, P_nonlinear = 0.751).

Elevated plasma levels of aluminum and manganese in the rural population and an elevated ERS in southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were associated with an increased risk of CVD.

To investigate the impacts of different dimensions of sleep quality on depressive symptoms among adolescents, thus providing evidence for the prevention of depressive symptoms among adolescents.

A baseline survey was conducted from September to November 2023 for 2 373 adolescents selected by stratified cluster sampling from two junior high schools, two senior high schools, and two vocational high schools in Wuhan city. A follow-up survey was conducted from September to November 2024. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used for the investigation. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was employed to screen the influencing factors, and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was adopted to construct a prediction model. The prediction performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC).

The detection rates of depressive symptoms among adolescents in Wuhan were 31.73% at baseline and 32.28% at the one-year follow-up. The median (interquartile range) PSQI total score was 4 (2–6). Adolescents with depressive symptoms at follow-up had higher PSQI total score (5 vs. 3), sleep latency subscale score (1 vs. 0), and daytime dysfunction subscale score (2 vs. 1) than those without depressive symptoms (all P < 0.05). LASSO regression results indicated that baseline depressive symptoms (β = 0.15), daytime dysfunction (β = 0.04), sleep latency (β = 0.02), and sleep disturbances (β = 0.02) were influencing factors for follow-up depressive symptoms. The prediction model achieved an AUC of 0.775 (95%CI: 0.739–0.812). Baseline depressive symptoms and daytime dysfunction had the greatest impacts on follow-up depressive symptoms (with contributions of 0.36 and 0.20, respectively), and their interaction effect value was 0.022 (95%CI: 0.020–0.023).

Daytime dysfunction is a key sleep-related risk factor for future depressive symptoms among adolescents. It interacts with baseline depressive symptoms, significantly amplifying the risk of subsequent depression.

To preliminarily develop the disclosure-to-healthcare-worker status scale for people living with HIV through the Delphi method and assess the authenticity, breadth, and depth of participants′ psychological inclination when disclosing information to healthcare workers, thereby informing the prediction of HIV-related disclosure behaviors.

Following a systematic literature review, an initial item pool was generated. Between June and September 2025, 32 multidisciplinary experts were invited to participate in two Delphi rounds. Experts rated their familiarity with and rationale for each domain, as well as the importance and relevance of every item on a 5-point Likert scale. The response rate was calculated to reflect expert engagement. The authority coefficient (Cr) was adopted to indicate result credibility. The coefficient of variation (CV) and Kendall′s W were used to evaluate consensus. Items with mean importance or relevance ≥ 3.5 and CV < 0.25 were retained and then finalized after team discussion and expert feedback.

The response rate of the experts in both rounds was 96.88% (31/32), with Cr values of 0.847 and 0.852, respectively. The Kendall′s W values of expert opinions on the importance and relevance of items were 0.152 and 0.117 in the first round and 0.090 and 0.082 in the second round, respectively. The results of the first round of expert consultation showed that the items had the importance scores of 2.68–4.81 points (CV of 0.084–0.581) and the relevance scores of 2.74–4.68 points (CV of 0.116–0.557). The results of the second round of expert consultation showed that the items had the importance scores of 4.16–4.90 points (CV of 0.061–0.264) and the relevance scores of 4.23–4.87 points (CV of 0.077–0.257). After two rounds of expert consultation and expert group meetings, a 47-item scale was finally determined, including individual psychological characteristics, situations, perceived risks, perceived benefits, and disclosure effectiveness.

This study developed a 47-item disclosure-to-healthcare-worker status scale for people living with HIV to access their actual attitudes, concerns, and tendencies when disclosing relevant information to healthcare workers. Although the reliability and validity of this scale remains to be tested, the developed scale provides a basis for improving doctor-patient communication and enhancing the quality of HIV prevention and control services.

To develop an assessment tool for health consumption literacy and evaluate its reliability and validity.

From January to March 2024, a theoretical framework and an initial item pool were established through literature review. The Delphi method was employed to screen indicators, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate weights of indicators. In April 2024, an online survey was conducted among 3 053 Chinese residents aged 18 and above to test the reliability and validity of the scale.

The final health consumption literacy scale consisted of 5 primary indicators and 20 secondary indicators after two rounds of Delphi consultation. In the first round, the mean scores for relevance, importance, and feasibility of indicators were 4.70, 4.61, and 4.36, with coefficients of variation of 0.12, 0.12, and 0.14, respectively. In the second round, the corresponding mean scores were 4.62, 4.28, and 4.45, with coefficients of variation of 0.12, 0.14, and 0.13. Kendall′s W coefficients of expert opinions were all significant (P < 0.05), indicating good concordance. The 3 053 residents aged over 18 surveyed nationwide showed that the total average scale score was 77.37 ± 11.06. Reliability and validity tests indicated that the Cronbach′s α coefficient of the health consumption literacy scale was 0.911, with a split-half reliability of 0.898. The incremental fit indices included IFI at 0.939, TLI at 0.927, and CFI at 0.939.

The health consumption literacy scale developed in this study has good reliability and validity and can serve as an effective tool for assessing health consumption literacy among Chinese residents.

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Falls Behavioural Scale for Older People (FaB) among community-dwelling older adults in China, thus providing a sound instrument for assessing fall risk in this population.

The FaB was translated and culturally adapted by a translation–back translation–expert review procedure. In August 2025, a total of 113 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years were randomly selected from Jiangyin city, Wuxi city, Jiangsu province to complete the Chinese version of the FaB. Item analysis and Cronbach′s α coefficient were employed to assess reliability. Content validity index (CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were employed to examine validity.

Item analysis showed that all the 24 items of the Chinese version of the FaB demonstrated good discriminative power, with critical ratio (CR) values > 3.0 (t = 15.289, P < 0.001) and coefficients of variation (CV) > 25%. The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.851, indicating good internal consistency reliability. For content validity, the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.89 for content relevance, 0.93 for clarity of expression, and 0.96 for cultural appropriateness. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.67 to 1.00, 0.56 to 1.00, and 0.67 to 1.00 across the three dimensions, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.711 and Bartlett′s test of sphericity indicated statistically significant differences (χ² = 986.722, P < 0.001), indicating suitability for factor analysis. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation extracted seven common factors: situational behavioral regulation, proactive protective behavior, environmental vigilance and adaptation, body stability management, risky daily behaviors, planned safety habits, and high-reach risk coping and social learning. The cumulative variance explained was 64.58%, demonstrating good structural validity.

The Chinese version of the FaB exhibits good reliability and validity. It comprehensively reflects fall-related behavioral characteristics in daily life and is suitable for assessing fall risk among community-dwelling older adults in China.

To investigate the effects of sanitary toilet improvements for early childhood on long-term health outcomes among rural children in China, thus providing empirical evidence for informing future health policies targeting children in rural areas.

This study utilized longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) spanning the period from 1991 to 2015, examining 2 929 rural children aged 7–18 years with documented information on their sanitary toilet improvements during early childhood (ages 3–6). A two-level mixed-effects model was employed to assess the health effects of sanitary toilet improvements. Additionally, a multilevel mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether improvements in household sanitary environment mediated the relationship between sanitary toilet improvements and children′s long-term health outcomes.

The height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) for the 2 929 rural children aged 7–18 years ranged from –5.73 to 5.02, with a mean of –0.61 ± 1.25. Among these children, 982 (33.5%) received sanitary toilet improvements during ages 3–6, while 1 063 children (36.3%) experienced fecal contamination exposure in their household sanitary environment. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that receiving sanitary toilet improvements during early childhood (ages 3–6) enhanced long-term health outcomes (β = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.06–0.37, P = 0.006). The health benefits were more pronounced among children from families with lower per capita household income than among their higher-income counterparts (β = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.01–0.67, P = 0.041). Children from nuclear families experienced smaller health gains from sanitary toilet improvements than those from non-nuclear families (β = –0.38, 95%CI: –0.70 to –0.07, P = 0.018). Within the same household, the health-promoting effects of sanitary toilet improvements diminished as children grew older (β = –0.25, 95%CI: –0.42 to –0.08, P = 0.004). Mediation analyses demonstrated that sanitary toilet improvements indirectly affected child health through improved household sanitary environment (β = –0.071, P = 0.019), with better household sanitary environment promoting health development (β = –0.174, P < 0.001). Age functioned as a negative moderator in the pathway linking household sanitary environment improvements to child health (β = 0.126, P = 0.013). Spillover effect analyses indicated that sanitary toilet improvements by other households in the village generated positive spillover effects on children′s health (β = 0.257, P = 0.001).

Sanitary toilet improvements for early childhood in rural areas of China promote long-term health outcomes among children, with health benefits mediated through improvements in household sanitary environment.

To identify global research hotspots and trends in Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETP) and provide insights for FETP in China.

Literature published between January 1999 and September 2025, affiliated with or funded by FETP, was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. A bibliometric analysis was conducted in CiteSpace to examine the publication volume, country/region distribution, authors, keywords, and citation patterns.

A total of 1 388 relevant publications were included, and the annual publications showed an overall increasing trend and peaked in 2024 (n = 130). Sweden (30.7%, 426/1 388), the United States (21.8%, 303/1 388), and the United Kingdom (15.4%, 214/1 388) were the primary contributors. A global collaboration network was formed, centered around the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Within author collaboration networks, only Canadian FETP scholars formed a core cluster, indicating limited international collaboration. Keyword analysis revealed that FETP research hotspots focused on infectious disease epidemiology, outbreak investigation, and vaccine effectiveness evaluation. The evolutionary trend shifted from early infectious disease investigation (2010–2014) to transmission mechanisms and emergency response (2014–2019), with recent research focusing on public health system strengthening, vaccine effectiveness, and antimicrobial resistance (2019–2025). Co-citation analysis identified core journals, including Emerging Infectious Diseases (473 citations), The Lancet (464 citations), and PLoS One (450 citations). Highly cited publications primarily addressed emerging infectious disease responses and vaccine effectiveness evaluation.

FETP research has expanded from disease investigation to global public health capacity building. Future efforts should be made to strengthen international collaboration, integrate advanced technologies, and enhance training frameworks comprehensively.

To analyze the mortality characteristics, life loss status, and temporal trends of four major types of chronic diseases (malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes mellitus) in Qinghai province from 2015 to 2022, thus providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of these diseases in the region.

A total of 77 582 death case records were collected from 10 national-level mortality surveillance sites in the Mortality Surveillance System of Qinghai Province during 2015–2022. Indicators including crude mortality rate (CMR), standardized mortality rate (SMR), age-specific mortality rate (ASMR), avoidable potential years of life lost (PYLL), avoidable potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), and avoidable average years of life lost (AYLL) of the four major types of chronic diseases were analyzed. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to describe their temporal trends.

From 2015 to 2022 in Qinghai province, the CMRs, preventable crude mortality rates, and treatable crude mortality rates of the four major types of chronic diseases all showed an increasing trend (AAPC = 4.363%, 2.047%, and 3.011%, respectively; all P < 0.05), while no statistically significant differences were observed in the trends of SMR, preventable standardized mortality rate, and treatable standardized mortality rate (all P > 0.05). From 2015 to 2022, increases were observed in the CMR, preventable crude mortality rate, and treatable crude mortality rate in males, urban populations, and rural populations, the CMR in females and pastoral populations, and the treatable crude mortality rate in pastoral populations (all P < 0.05). Only the treatable standardized mortality rate of urban populations showed an upward trend (AAPC = 2.853%, P = 0.002). The mortality rates of the four major types of chronic diseases in Qinghai province increased with the increase in age (all P < 0.001), and the avoidable age-specific mortality rate in males was consistently higher than that in females (all P < 0.05). The avoidable mortality rate was the lowest in urban populations across all age groups. The results of the life loss analysis showed that the treatable PYLL and treatable PYLLR of the four major types of chronic diseases in Qinghai province from 2015 to 2022 increased, while the preventable AYLL and treatable AYLL decreased (all P < 0.05). From 2015 to 2022, the PYLL in males, as well as the PYLL, preventable PYLL, treatable PYLL, and treatable PYLLR in urban populations increased; the AYLL and preventable AYLL in males, AYLL and treatable AYLL in females, PYLL in rural populations, and AYLL, preventable AYLL, and treatable AYLL in rural and pastoral populations decreased (all P < 0.05).

From 2015 to 2022, the mortality rates of the four major types of chronic diseases in Qinghai province presented an upward trend, and this upward trend became more pronounced with the increase in age. The burden of life loss in urban areas was aggravated, whereas rural and pastoral areas achieved remarkable effects in reducing the average life loss of the population with chronic diseases. Reducing treatable and preventable deaths of the population shall serve as the goal for future prevention and control work

To analyze the trends of mortality and disease burden of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults (aged 20 to < 60 years) in Chongqing, thus providing suggestions for poisoning prevention and control in this population.

Death cases of accidental poisoning from 2012 to 2024 were obtained from the Chongqing Resident Death Surveillance System. SPSS 25.0 and Excel 2010 were used to calculate indicators including the mortality, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), age-specific mortality, rate of years of life lost (YLL), and average years of life lost (AYLL). Chi-square test was conducted to compare the mortality between different genders and regions. Joinpoint regression was employed to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) for the trends of the rates.

In Chongqing, the mortality and ASMR of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults decreased from 3.55/100 000 and 3.41/100 000 in 2012 to 1.30/100 000 and 1.18/100 000 in 2024, with the AAPCs of −8.34% and −9.13%, respectively (both P < 0.05). The mortality of accidental poisoning in males was consistently higher than that in females (all P < 0.05). The mortality and ASMR of accidental poisoning decreased by 7.45% and 8.11% annually in males and by 10.79% and 11.66% annually in females, respectively (all P < 0.05). The mortality of accidental poisoning in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (all P < 0.05). The mortality and ASMR of accidental poisoning decreased by 11.58% and 11.41% annually in urban areas and by 7.23% and 8.19% annually in rural areas, respectively (all P < 0.05). The rate of YLL and AYLL of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults in Chongqing decreased from 1.61‰ and 45.29 years in 2012 to 0.57‰ and 44.34 years in 2024, with the AAPCs of −8.69% and −0.30%, respectively (both P < 0.05). The top four causes of death due to accidental poisoning were pesticide poisoning, alcohol poisoning, drug poisoning, and organic solvent/gas poisoning in 2012. And in 2024, they were organic solvent/gas poisoning, alcohol poisoning, pesticide poisoning, and drug poisoning. From 2012 to 2024, the proportions of pesticide poisoning and drug poisoning decreased annually by 11.05% and 4.64%, while those of organic solvent/gas poisoning and alcohol poisoning increased annually by 12.78% and 2.26%, respectively (all P < 0.05).

The mortality and disease burden of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults in Chongqing show a downward trend. Males and rural residents are the key populations at risk of death due to accidental poisoning. Organic solvent/gas poisoning and alcohol poisoning are the main causes of death. Targeted interventions should be implemented for key populations and different causes of accidental poisoning.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Guangdong province, 2020, providing a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies.

Data on the incidence and mortality of NPC in the cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were collected from the cancer registration and follow-up system and death registration system. The incidence and mortality rates, China age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, world age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, and age-specific incidence and mortality rates were calculated to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC in Guangdong from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Indicators such as disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years of life lived with disability (YLD) were adopted to evaluate the disease burden of NPC.

In 2020, the incidence rate, China age-standardized incidence rate, and world age-standardized incidence rate of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were 11.52/100 000, 9.70/100 000, and 8.87/100 000, respectively. The mortality rate, China age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were 6.01/100 000, 4.35/100 000, and 4.24/100 000, respectively. The incidence and mortality rates, as well as the age-standardized rates (both China and world) of NPC were higher in males than in females. The incidence rate of NPC was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. However, the China age-standardized incidence rate, world age-standardized incidence rate, mortality rate, Chinese age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were lower in urban areas than in rural areas. The incidence and mortality rates of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province first increased and then decreased with the increase in age. The incidence and mortality rates significantly increased after the ages of 30 and 35, respectively. The highest incidence and mortality rates for males were observed at ages 60–64 (44.05/100 000) and 70–74 (38.24/100 000), respectively. For females, the peak incidence rate was observed at ages 50–54 (12.70/100 000), while the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 70–74 (12.72/100 000). In urban areas, the incidence and mortality rates peaked at ages 60–64 (28.51/100 000) and 70–74 (26.49/100 000), respectively. In rural areas, the highest incidence rate was observed at ages 55–59 (27.66/100 000), and the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 75–79 (24.64/100 000). In 2020, the DALY for NPC in Guangdong was 195 388.20 person-years, with YLL accounting for 96.52% (188 596.89 person-years). The DALY rate was higher in males (296.91/100 000) than in females (88.27/100 000) and higher in rural areas (206.71/100 000) than in urban areas (184.02/100 000). The DALY rate first increased and then declined with the increase in age. The male DALY rate peaked in the 65–69 age group (961.31/100 000), whereas the female DALY rate peaked in the 70–74 age group (277.00/100 000).

The incidence rate, mortality rate, and disease burden of NPC were high in Guangdong province, 2020, showing an initial increase followed by a decline with the increase in age. Males and rural residents should be the key target populations for NPC prevention and control in this region.

To analyze the relationship between the visit intervals of indicator cases and the risk of clustered tuberculosis outbreaks in schools.

A total of 623 indicator cases of pulmonary tuberculosis involved in the pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province from September 2023 to September 2024 were included for analysis. Restricted cubic splines (RCS), unconditional logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to evaluate the relationship between the visit intervals of indicator cases and the risk of clustered tuberculosis outbreaks in schools.

Among 623 tuberculosis indicator cases included in this study, 66 cases were clustered with high-risk outbreaks, and 557 cases were clustered with low-risk outbreaks or had no correlation. The differences in visit interval [41.00（12.00, 104.00）d vs 7.00（0.00, 17.00）d] and positive rate of pathogenic examination (69.70% VS 46.14%) were statistically significant between two groups (Z/χ² = –37.401, 13.108, P < 0.05). When the visit intervals of positive indicator cases in etiological examination exceeded 14 days or that of negative cases exceeded 8 days, the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis outbreaks in schools showed a linear increasing trend. For every 1 day increase in the visit interval, the possibility of high risk outbreaks in schools increased by 15.50% (OR = 1.155, 95%CI: 1.050–1.680, P < 0.05). When the visit intervals were analyzed by ternary, it was found that with the extension of visit interval, the risk of clustered pulmonary tuberculosis outbreaks in schools increased (Z = 12.520, P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the threshold for predicting the high concentration risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools based on the visit interval was 23 days, AUC was 0.918, 95%CI = 0.829 to 0.964.

The extended visit intervals of indicator cases may be a key early warning indicator for high-risk clustered outbreaks of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools.