This study aimed to identify three suspected strains isolated from nasal swabs of dogs with upper respiratory tract infections at a police dog base in Shenyang. Species identification of isolated strains through 16S rRNA gene detection， phylogenetic tree construction. Pathogenicity analysis was conducted through virulence gene testing， drug susceptibility testing， and canine challenge test.The results showed that three strains isolated in this experiment are Bordetella bronchiseptica， named SY-202401， SY-202402 and SY-202403 respectively.Strains are resistant to 9 antibiotics， and sensitive to 6 antibiotics； After being infected with SY-202402 strain， the dogs showed symptoms such as coughing， retching， fervescence and increased eye and nose secretions，one dog die. The isolated Bordetella bronchiseptica from dogs in this study have high drug resistance and strong pathogenicity to dogs.

Bulk RNA sequencing （bulk RNA-seq） is extensively used in livestock research to characterize transcriptomic variation at the tissue level. However， as it captures only the average gene expression across mixed cell populations， it fails to resolve cellular heterogeneity， thereby limiting the dissection of complex trait regulation at the cellular scale. In contrast， single-cell RNA sequencing （scRNA-seq）， with its high resolution and sensitivity， enables detailed profiling of cellular composition and uncovers regulatory mechanisms underlying cell-to-cell variability. Despite its advantages， large-scale adoption of scRNA-seq in livestock is hindered by high costs， complex biological systems， and technical barriers. Against this background， single-cell deconvolution algorithms have emerged. Depending on data characteristics， these methods leverage strategies such as reference expression profile construction， marker gene selection， or unsupervised learning to infer cellular composition proportions from bulk RNA-seq data， thereby overcoming its inherent limitation in resolving cellular heterogeneity. Moreover， advanced algorithms can further predict cell-type-specific expression patterns， enabling functional interpretation at single-cell resolution from population-level transcriptomes. In recent years， these methods have been applied in key domestic species such as pigs， cattle， and chickens， supporting studies in traits related to growth， reproduction， and immune function. This review systematically summarizes the principles， mainstream algorithms， and current applications of single-cell deconvolution in livestock， with a particular focus on challenges in reference matrix construction， cross-platform data integration， and model adaptation. Furthermore， we discuss the expanding potential of deconvolution in multi-omics integration and functional cellular analysis， aiming to provide a conceptual and methodological framework for advancing its use in livestock research.

Breed identification is fundamental to livestock conservation and plays a vital role in genetic resource management， breed purity assessment， breeding strategy implementation， product traceability， supply chain optimization， and ensuring food and biosafety. This review summarizes both traditional and modern methods for breed identification of common livestock and poultry （pig， cattle， sheep， dog， chicken）， and systematically reviews recent advances in machine learning-based breed identification research.Traditional methods， such as morphological assessment and physicochemical indicator analysis in animals，are increasingly inadequate for large-scale breed identification due to their limited accuracy，operational complexity，and time-consuming nature. With advancements in intelligent animal husbandry and high-throughput omics technologies， machine learning-based approaches have gained wide application. This paper reviews major achievements in breed identification using machine learning， analyzes the strengths and limitations of various algorithms， and highlights challenges in practical use. It offers insights for future development and supports molecular breeding and precision livestock management.

Yaks are well-adapted to the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， characterized by low temperatures， intense ultraviolet radiation， hypoxia， and nutritional stress， making them the dominant livestock species in high-altitude pastoral areas. Yak are multi-functional cattle breeds， possessing the performance of meat production， cashmere production， service use and milk production， however， their milk production performance has not undergone high-intensity breeding.Yaks have low milk yield but significantly higher milk fat， lactose and milk protein content.As the core organ for milk secretion， the development of yak mammary gland is regulated by complex network of genes， and the maintenance of its homeostasis and lactation is an intricate biological process of the organism， which relies on the coordinated functioning of multiple cells. With the development of omics technology and the deepening of functional genomics research，the core regulators of mammary gland development in human， mouse and common cow species have been analyzed， and the regulatory networks controlling key processes such as lactation and milk lipid secretion have been clarified. Although milk production is an economically important trait in yak， relatively few studies have been conducted on the regulatory network of mammary gland and lactation-regulating genes in yak.In this paper， the similarities and heterogeneity of yak mammary glands in terms of morphology， development， lactation mechanism， lactation performance and other aspects compared with mammary glands of other species were systematically summarized， and key scientific issues that need to be urgently addressed in yak-related aspects are presented with a view to providing important information for mammary gland biology research and identification of functional genes for milk production traits in yaks.

The intestinal tract is not only the central site for the digestion and absorption of nutrients， but also a natural barrier against pathogens， and its health is closely related to growth performance and immune capacity of livestock and poultry. Therefore， improving the intestinal health of livestock and poultry has become a research hotspot among scholars. Plant essential oils （PEO）， low molecular weight secondary plant metabolites extracted from plants， have been shown to have positive effects on improving intestinal health， such as enhancing intestinal barrier function and promoting the colonization of beneficial gut microbiota. In this paper， the effects of PEO on the intestinal health of livestock and poultry are systematically reviewed from the aspects of intestinal morphology， intestinal barrier function， and intestinal microbiota， and the potential mechanisms are discussed， in order to provide references for the development and application of PEO.

Rumen fermentation in ruminants results in a loss of 2% to 12% of feed energy as methane， which not only represents an energy loss but also has negative environmental impacts. Consequently， finding economical and effective methods to reduce methane emissions from ruminants has become the focus of current research. Proper feeding and grazing management strategies can reduce methane emissions by modulating the metabolic pathways of rumen microorganisms， inhibiting methanogenic activity and enhancing the host's nutrient utilization efficiency. This review summarizes current research on the effectiveness of different dietary strategies， including adjusting dietary composition， optimizing forage selection and utilization， and improving forage processing and preservation， as well as grazing management strategies such as stocking rate， grazing methods， and grazing intensity. It also discusses the applicability and potential of these strategies， providing theoretical insights and practical guidance for methane mitigation in ruminant production.

β-lactamase is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing β-lactam antibiotics， and its residues in milk are increasingly concerning. The endogenous factors related to β-lactamase residues in milk are associated with the health status of the cows themselves， while exogenous factors mainly involve illegal human addition. The residues of β-lactamase may cause various health risks， including the accumulation of cytotoxic degradation products， the failure of antibiotics， and drug resistance development in humans. Currently， detection methods for β-lactamase residues in milk include microbial methods， iodometry， acidity meter method， instrumental detection method， and rapid detection method， etc.， but all these methods have limitations. This article reviews the biological characteristics， sources， and recent research progress on detection methods of β-lactamase in bovine milk. Also discusses the limitations of current detection methods and provides an outlook on future management measures and emerging detection technologies. The aim is to provide scientific references for detection personnel and researchers， ultimately enhancing dairy product safety.

Transport stress is a significant factor affecting cattle health and production performance， involving disruptions in multiple physiological systems such as metabolism， digestion， endocrinology， and immunity. During transportation， various stressors （such as fasting， dehydration， temperature fluctuations， overcrowding， and loading/unloading） can negatively impact cattle physiological functions， leading to the excessive production of stress hormones and changes in rumen microbial community abundance. This， in turn， reduces immune function and antioxidant capacity， causes tissue and organ damage， and ultimately affects overall health and production performance. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying physiological imbalances in cattle caused by transportation stress， aiming to provide theoretical references for identifying target points for controlling transportation stress in cattle and improving animal welfare during transportation.

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the population genetic characteristics of Hetao Big-ear pigs using genomic approaches， providing scientific basis for the conservation of their germplasm resources. Based on 50K SNP chip data， Using software such as plink （v1.90）， GCTA （v1.93）， and MEGAX （v10.0） for analysis， PCA， genetic distance， kinship relationship， inbreeding coefficient， and phylogenetic tree information were obtained. Multi-dimensional analysis methods were used to detect 78 Hetao Big-ear pigs. Population structure analysis revealed that the population could be divided into 4 subgroups， with an average genetic distance of 0.793， and 6 sire lineages forming the foundation of its pedigree. Analysis of genomic runs of homozygosity （ROH） detected a total of 2 601 segments， with individuals carrying an average of 21 ROHs and an average length of 7.77 Mb. The population inbreeding coefficient （F_ROH ） was 0.13. Comprehensive analysis indicated that this population exhibits characteristics including a limited number of lineages， relatively few sire bloodlines， moderate kinship relationships， and low inbreeding levels. These findings at the genomic level provide important references for the population optimization and genetic improvement of Hetao Big-ear pigs.

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of ZNF697 on the proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells （MuSCs）. In this experiment， porcine MuSCs were used as the research object. Flow cytometry， Real-time quantitative PCR， Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were employed to detect the effects of ZNF697 on the proliferation and differentiation of porcine MuSCs. The following results were obtained： 1） The expression of ZNF697 mRNA dynamically changes with the proliferation of porcine MuSCs. Interfering with ZNF697 inhibited the mRNA expression of Cyclin E （P<0.01） and Cyclin D （P<0.05） and the protein expression of Cyclin B （P<0.05）， promoted the mRNA expression of p21 （P<0.01）. Overexpression of ZNF697 showed the opposite results. 2） During the myogenic differentiation of porcine MuSCs， the expression of ZNF697 gradually increased. Interfering with ZNF697 significantly reduced the myogenic differentiation index （P<0.05） and inhibited the mRNA expression of MyoG （P<0.01）， the mRNA and protein expression of MyHC （P<0.05） and MyoD （P<0.01）. Overexpression of ZNF697 showed the opposite results. The results show that ZNF697 is a promoter of proliferation and myogenic differentiation in porcine MuSCs， which will provide a breeding target for high-lean-meat pig breeds.