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Outline
Rumen fermentation in ruminants results in a loss of 2% to 12% of feed energy as methane， which not only represents an energy loss but also has negative environmental impacts. Consequently， finding economical and effective methods to reduce methane emissions from ruminants has become the focus of current research. Proper feeding and grazing management strategies can reduce methane emissions by modulating the metabolic pathways of rumen microorganisms， inhibiting methanogenic activity and enhancing the host's nutrient utilization efficiency. This review summarizes current research on the effectiveness of different dietary strategies， including adjusting dietary composition， optimizing forage selection and utilization， and improving forage processing and preservation， as well as grazing management strategies such as stocking rate， grazing methods， and grazing intensity. It also discusses the applicability and potential of these strategies， providing theoretical insights and practical guidance for methane mitigation in ruminant production.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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