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Outline
Transport stress is a significant factor affecting cattle health and production performance， involving disruptions in multiple physiological systems such as metabolism， digestion， endocrinology， and immunity. During transportation， various stressors （such as fasting， dehydration， temperature fluctuations， overcrowding， and loading/unloading） can negatively impact cattle physiological functions， leading to the excessive production of stress hormones and changes in rumen microbial community abundance. This， in turn， reduces immune function and antioxidant capacity， causes tissue and organ damage， and ultimately affects overall health and production performance. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying physiological imbalances in cattle caused by transportation stress， aiming to provide theoretical references for identifying target points for controlling transportation stress in cattle and improving animal welfare during transportation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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