Objective To evaluate the pilot hospitals of modern hospital management system in Sichuan Province, so as to provide reference for strengthening the construction of modern hospital management system. Methods The index weight, comprehensive evaluation, ranking and grading of the pilot hospitals were carried out by criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and rank-sum ratio (RSR). Results The range of RSR (Ci) of pilot hospitals in 2021 was 0.409 to 0.611, and 3, 14, 14, and 2 hospitals were graded as good, relatively good, average, and poor. The grading results were statistically significant, and the proportion of medical service income was the main influencing factor of the evaluation results. Conclusion The pilot project of modern hospital management system in Sichuan Province has achieved initial results, and the level of rational drug use in each pilot hospital has been improved, but there is still a gap in operation quality and safety, medical service price adjustment, and outpatient service management.

Objective To understand the correlation between food cooking methods, dietary preferences of residents in southwest China, and their body mass index (BMI), providing references for local residents’ nutritional health education and scientific dietary choices. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to survey 7 948 residents in Southwest China, and an unordered multinomial logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors of BMI. Results The majority of residents in Southwest China preferred slightly spicy and light flavors, each accounting for 41.1%. The fried, sautéed, and stir-fried foods (59.2%) and steamed, boiled, blanched, stewed foods (51.8%) were most frequently consumed by residents. In Southwest China, lower frequency of consuming fried, sautéed, and stir-fried foods was associated with a decreased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=0.658, 95%CI: 0.559-0.775), similar results were found in Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guizhou. In Guizhou, lower frequency of consuming steamed, boiled, blanched, stewed foods was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=1.411, 95%CI: 1.025-1.943). In Guizhou and Yunnan, preference for sour flavors was associated with a reduced risk of overweight and obesity (Guizhou: OR=0.512, 95%CI: 0.271-0.965; Yunnan: OR=0.475, 95%CI: 0.246-0.915). Conclusion Dietary preferences and food cooking methods vary among residents in Southwest China and are correlated with BMI. Sour flavors and high frequency of consuming steamed, boiled, blanched, stewed foods are protective factors against overweight and obesity, while frequent consumption of fried, sautéed, and stir-fried foods is a risk factor. It is recommended to strengthen nutritional education and promote residents to make informed choices in dietary preferences and cooking methods to improve public nutrition and health.

Objective To review and analyze the literature related to public health events in China from 2003 to 2023, so as to provide reference for predicting, preventing, and responding to future public health events, and to enhance China’s capacity to deal with sudden public health emergencies. Methods A total of 2 717 articles related to public health field published between 2003 and 2023 and indexed in databases including SCI, CSSCI, CSCD, and PKU core in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were selected as data sources. The CiteSpace software was utilized to explore research hotspots and trends in the evolution of pathways in the field of public health events. Results The study revealed fluctuations in the number of publications on public health events. Author collaboration was relatively stable, while institutional collaboration intensity was low and interdisciplinary collaboration was limited. Research hotspots included emergency management, sudden events, epidemic prevention and control, infectious diseases, and online public opinion. Research content encompassed the epidemic characteristics, influencing factors, emergency response capabilities, and governance responses to public health events.Research topics went through three stages: exploration of public health theories, system construction, and social governance. Conclusion Future research directions will focus mainly on risk communication, public opinion management, and collaborative governance in public health events.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly in China, so as to provide scientific basis for slowing down the decline of cognitive function and improving their quality of life. Methods Based on the theory of health ecology, people aged 65 and above were selected from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The research subjects with dementia and missing key variables were excluded, and finally 11 157 elderly people were included. Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of MCI in Chinese elderly. Results In this study, 1 526 people ≥ 65 years old had MCI, and the prevalence rate of MCI was 13.7%. The results of multivariate unconditional Logistic regression showed that female (OR=1.242, 95%CI: 1.061-1.455) and advanced age (80 to 94 years old: OR=1.744, 95%CI: 1.359-2.239; ≥ 95 years old: OR=3.014, 95%CI: 2.272-3.998), self-rated worse health status (OR=2.308, 95%CI: 1.202-4.433), hearing impairment (OR=4.760, 95%CI: 4.129-5.487), no exercise(OR=1.204, 95%CI: 1.006-1.441), low score of healthy diet (1-2) (OR=1.562, 95%CI: 1.288-1.894), no social participation activities (housework, social activities, recreational activities, social activities), long sleep time (> 8 hours) (OR=1.347, 95%CI:1.156-1.569), disability (OR=2.987, 95%CI: 2.246-3.974), instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) impairment (OR=3.347,95%CI: 2.510-4.462), living in elderly care institutions (OR=1.569, 95%CI: 1.136-2.166), and poor economic accessibility of medical services (OR=1.155, 95%CI: 1.005-1.328) were risk factors for MCI among the elderly in China. Conclusion The prevalence of MCI in the elderly in China is grim. Gender, age, self-rated health status, hearing function, exercise, healthy diet score, social participation, sleep duration, ADL, IADL, living style, and accessibility of medical services are the main influencing factors of the disease in Chinese elderly. Multi-dimensional and systematic intervention measures are needed to slow down the cognitive decline of the elderly in China.

Objective To analyze the effects of air pollutants on male semen quality and different stages of sperm development in Taiyuan. Methods Totally 7 614 men who were admitted to the Reproductive Department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 1 to December 31, 2019 were enrolled. Their age, semen collection season, and semen parameters were recorded. At the same time, the monitoring data of six air pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀) were collected, and the exposure of air pollutants in the whole developmental period (0 to 90 days before semen collection) and three critical developmental periods (0-9 days, 10-14 days, and 70-90 days) were calculated. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the data difference between qualified and unqualified semen parameters. The generalized estimation equation was used to explore the effects of six kinds of air pollutants on the quality parameters of each sperm at different stages of sperm development. Results During the whole period of sperm development, the exposure concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, O₃, and PM_2.5 were different between the qualified and unqualified groups of normal sperm morphology. The exposure to PM₁₀ at 10 and 14 days before semen collection was positively correlated with semen volume (OR=1.245, 95%CI: 1.057-1.467), sperm concentration (OR=1.247, 95%CI: 1.027-1.514), total sperm count (OR=1.385, 95%CI: 1.167-1.643), total motility (OR=1.236,95%CI: 1.085-1.409), and forward movement (OR=1.207, 95%CI: 1.059-1.376). The O₃ exposure was positively correlated with sperm concentration (OR=1.250, 95%CI: 1.002-1.558; OR=1.173, 95%CI: 1.025-1.343), total sperm count (OR=1.255,95%CI: 1.026-1.537; OR=1.218, 95%CI: 1.074-1.380), and normal sperm morphology (OR=1.295, 95%CI: 1.047-1.602; OR=1.229, 95%CI: 1.076-1.404). Conclusion Exposure to air pollutants increases the risk of unqualified semen parameters at all stages of sperm development, and the critical window period focuses on 10-14 days before semen collection, which is the developmental stage of sperm motility. PM₁₀ and O₃ are the main reproductive toxins affecting the decline of male sperm quality in Taiyuan, which need to be paid attention to.

Objective To explore the construction of technical evaluation index system of primary children’s health management services, and to provide reference basis for improving the technical aspects of health management services for children at the grassroots level. Methods By means of literature analysis, policy induction and expert discussion, a preliminary framework and content pool for the evaluation index system of technical assessment for primary children’s health management services were established. The Delphi expert consultation method was then used to determine the content of each index. Results After two rounds of expert consultations, a two-level index system with 2 primary indicators and 5 secondary indicators, two of which had 2 tertiary indicators under each, was constructed. Specific content was assigned to this index system, and corresponding scores were allocated on a percentage basis. The positive coefficient of the experts in the two rounds of consultations were 92% and 100% respectively, and their authority coefficients were both 0.88. The coordination coefficients for the rationality assessment of the index in the two rounds of expert consultation were all between 0 and 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion The constructed evaluation index system for technical assessment of primary children’s health management services using the improved Delphi method is reasonably effective, and this evaluation index system can provide a reference for the technical assessment of health management services for children at the grassroots level..

Objective To analyze the direct disease economic burden of inpatients with endocrine diseases during pregnancy, to provide a strong basis for optimizing the allocation of health resources and disease cost control in public hospitals, and to strengthen the theory of prevention and treatment of endocrine-related diseases during pregnancy. Methods CRITIC-VIKOR model was used to evaluate the direct disease economic burden of inpatients with endocrine diseases during pregnancy. Results The four endocrine diseases during pregnancy were toxic diffuse goiter, polycystic ovary syndrome, postpartum hypopituitarism, and gestational diabetes. Among them, the economic burden of toxic diffuse goiter was heavy, wih the benefit ratio of 0, and the disease burden of polycystic ovary syndrome was relatively light, with the benefit ratio of 1. The benefit ratios of the remaining two diseases were 0.761 and 0.756, respectively. Conclusion CRITIC-VIKOR model can be used to evaluate the direct economic burden of inpatients with endocrine diseases during pregnancy. We should strengthen the hierarchical management and classification of endocrine diseases during pregnancy, improve early screening and intervention, and further optimize the cost structure of endocrine diseases during pregnancy to reduce economic burden.

Objective To investigate whether the amino acid variation in the nonstructural protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) is related to the severity of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods The data obtained from the Global Shared Influenza Data Initiative (GISAID) database were analyzed, and the nonstructural protein amino acid mutations with high mutation rate in SARS-CoV-2 sequences were screened. The outcomes were divided into mild and severe diseases, and the chi-square test was used to compare the basic characteristics between the groups. The relationship between the mutations selected and the prognosis of the patients was analyzed. Results A total of 23 498 cases were included, including 11 444 males (48.70%) and 12 054 females (51.30%). The median age ［M（P₂₅，P₇₅）］ was 38 (26-53) years old. The severe infection rate of novel coronavirus in male was higher than that in female (χ²=226.564, P < 0.001). The severe infection rate of novel coronavirus increased with the increase of age (χ²=6 088.032, P < 0.001). The year of onset (χ²=1 604.070, P <0.001) and continent (χ²=4 520.240, P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with the severity of novel corona virus infection.Several amino acid variations in the SARS-CoV-2 gene group associated with the severity of novel corona virus’s sensitive dyeing were determined. NSP4_T492I (aOR=0.574, 95%CI: 0.487-0.676), NSP12_G671S (aOR=0.657, 95%CI: 0.458-0.941),NSP6_T77A (aOR=0.422, 95%CI: 0.235-0.759), and NSP3_P1228L (aOR=0.124, 95%CI: 0.080-0.190) were negatively correlated with novel coronavirus’s severe infection. NSP12_P323L (aOR=2.126, 95%CI: 1.531-2.953), NSP13_P77L (aOR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.115-2.369), and NSP14_A394V (aOR=20.486, 95%CI: 9.649-43.495) were positively correlated with novel coronavirus’s severe infection. Conclusion The amino acid variation of SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein may be related to the severity of COVID-19 virus infection, and it is necessary to screen several nonstructural protein amino acid variants which can be related to the severity of novel coronavirus infection.

In the context of Healthy China, it is of great significance to improve the quality of medical student training. Selecting good classroom teaching models is fundamental in the training of medical students. Presentation, Assimilation, and Discussion(PAD) classroom and Bridge, Objective, Pre-Assessment, Participation, Practice, and Post-Assessment (BOPPPS) teaching models are popular among university teachers and have been widely used in theoretical and practical teaching of various courses. However, both teaching models still have certain limitations. In order to fully leverage the advantages of both teaching models, the joint application of the two teaching models in recent years has attracted widespread attention from scholars. Therefore, this article analyzes the fusion points of the joint application of the two teaching models in the training of medical students, providing reference for the joint application of the two models.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Canopy homolog 2 (CNPY2) and aerobic exercise through nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signal pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high fat diet. Methods Male CNPY2 knockout (CNPY2 KO) mice and wild (WT) mice aged (12±1) weeks were randomly divided into control group (CON),hyperlipidemic model group (MOD), and hyperlipidemic model exercise group (MOD+EX) after one week of adaptive feeding.CON group was fed with normal diet, and MOD group and MOD+EX group were fed with high fat diet until the end of 18 weeks.From the 10^th week, the mice in the MOD+EX group received adaptive treadmill training for a week, followed by continuous exercise intervention until the end of the 18-week experiment. The serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, and AST were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer, the pathological morphology of liver was analyzed by HE staining and oil red O staining, the protein expressions of CNPY2, IκB α, p-IκBα, NF-κB, and NF-κB in liver were detected by Western Blot, thelevels of TNF-α and IL6 in liver were detected by ELISA, and the expressions of NF- κB mRNA, TNF- α mRNA, and IL-6 mRNA in liver were detected by q RT-PCR. The data were analyzed by single factor analysis of variance and independent sample t-test. Results The expression of CNPY2 in MOD group was higher than that in CON group (t=-5.730, P=0.001) while the expression of CNPY2 in MOD+EX group was lower than that in MOD group (t=3.714, P=0.010).Compared with CON group, the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, ALT, and AST in MOD group of WT mice and CNPY2 KO mice were higher (WT: t=-13.325, P < 0.001; t=-4.889, P < 0.001; t=-10.442, P < 0.001; t=-3.500, P=0.003; t=-15.122, P <0.001; CNPY2 KO: t=-6.910, P < 0.001; t=-4.962, P < 0.001; t=-7.457, P < 0.001; t=-4.584, P < 0.001; t=-7.336, P <0.001).The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, p-IκBα/IκBα, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, NF-κB mRNA, TNF-α mRNA, and IL-6 mRNA in liver were increased significantly (WT: t=-25.179, P < 0.001; t=-21.043, P < 0.001; t=-9.177, P < 0.001; t=-12.207, P < 0.001; t=-5.205, P=0.002; t=-6.910, P < 0.001; t=-4.802, P=0.003; CNPY2 KO: t=-18.878, P < 0.001; t=-21.840, P < 0.001; t=-14.033, P < 0.001; t=-12.511, P < 0.001; t=-6.870, P < 0.001; t=-9.546, P < 0.001; t=-8.303, P < 0.001), HDL-C level decreased (WT: t=11.695, P < 0.001; CNPY2 KO: t=6.598, P < 0.001), and hepatocyte steatosis with large amount of lipid droplets was observed. Compared with MOD group, the above-mentioned indexes were effectively improved in WT mice and CNPY2 KO mice in MOD+EX group. Compared with WT mice, the above-mentioned indexes of CNPY2 KO mice were improved effectively. Conclusion CNPY2 regulates NF-κB signal pathway and participates in the formation and development of NAFLD. Both CNPY2 gene deletion and aerobic exercise can improve NAFLD, which may be related to the decrease of liver CNPY2 expression, inhibition of NF-κB signal pathway, down-regulation of liver inflammatory cytokines and reduction of liver inflammation.