To understand the prevalence and trend incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Chongqing from 2007 to 2022, and to provide evidence for comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Based on hospital monitoring data, 185 children with NTDs monitored by all birth defects monitoring institutions in Chongqing City from January 2007 to December 2022 were included in the study. They were grouped by year, perinatal gender, maternal permanent residence (urban/rural), maternal age, different regions, and other categories. Chisquare test was used to analyze the differences in the incidence of severe multiple disabling birth defects in different categories, and linear trend test and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the change trend.

From 2007 to 2022, a total of 1 316 934 perinatal births and 185 NTDs were monitored in Chongqing, with an incidence of 1.40/10,000, it was 0.36/10 000(0.00/10 000-2.45/10 000), 0.81/10 000(0.39/10 000-2.42/10 000) and 0.26/10 000(0.00/10 000-2.45/10 000) for anencephaly, spina bifidaand encephalocele respectively. The incidence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas (χ²=11.38, P<0.001). The total incidence of mothers of different age was statistical (χ²=81.71, P<0.001). The annual incidence of NTDs decreased by 84.64% from 2.93/10,000 to 0.45/10,000 during this period. There was a gentle decline from 2007 to 2019 (APC=-10.85) and a rapid decline from 2019 to 2022 (APC=-31.20).

Annual incidence of NTDs in Chongqing was decreasing over the year. NTDs is prevalent at a low level in Chongqing.

To explore the status and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection among high school students in Chongqing, and to provide technical support for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools in Chongqing.

Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the students of the first and second years of high school in Chongqing in 2023, as the study subjects to detect latent tuberculosis infection with recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test, to collect the information related to latent tuberculosis infection, and to analyse the influencing factors using Logistic regression model.

A total of 9161 students in the first and second years of high school in Chongqing were included, and 543 latent tuberculosis infections were detected, with a latent tuberculosis infection rate of 5.93%. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that history of previous tuberculosis (OR:4.244, 95%CI:2.239-8.044), history of close contact with tuberculosis (OR:2.096, 95%CI:1.123-3.914), smoking (OR:6.819, 95%CI:3.562-13.053), and staying up late (OR:1.665, 95%CI:1.154-2.402) were risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection in students.

The rate of latent tuberculosis infection among students in the first and second years of high school in Chongqing is low. Not smoking, not staying up late, avoiding close contact with tuberculosis patients, taking good personal protective measures, strengthening physical exercise, and improving immunity can reduce the risk of students being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background Suicide has become a major public health issue of global concern. Suicidal ideation represents the initial psychological and one of the strongest predictorsactivities associated with suicidal behavior. Suicidal ideation is a dynamic state factor rather than a static trait factor, so it is necessary to study the development trajectory of suicidal ideation and its related factors.Objective To investigate the development trajectory and relatedfactors of suicide ideation college students.

From 2019 to 2021,1438 college students in a university in Guangdong Province were selected for three longitudinal tracking each October by using the method of convenient sampling. The Self-rating ideas of suicide scale (SIOSS) was used to measure the level of suicide ideation. Data analysis was mainly based on the Latent Growth Mixed Model(LGMM) to analyze the development trajectory of students’ suicide ideation. Multivariate Logistic Regression model was established to analyze the related factors to the variation of each potential category of suicidal ideation.

From 2019 to 2021, the total scores of college students’ suicidal ideation were 3.79±2.87, 3.71±2.90 and 3.32±2.87, showing a decreasing trend over time. The development tendencies of college students’suicide ideation have been classified into 3 categories: C1 group(worsening suicidal ideation group)(11.8%)，C2 group(persistent low suicidal ideation group)(79.6%), and C3 group (relieving suicidal ideation group) (8.6%). Compared with C1 group, college students who had an average (OR=2.52, 95% CI:1.31-4.86) or happy childhood (OR=3.95,95% CI:2.02-7.74), no history of suicide attempt (OR=9.03，95% CI:3.49-23.36), and were extroverted (OR=1.03, 95% CI:1.01-1.05) were more likely to enter C2 group. Students who were from cities (OR=0.54, 95% CI:0.31-0.93),got high neuroticism scores (OR=0.86, 95% CI:0.84-0.88) were less likely to enter the C2 group. College students with happy childhood life(OR=3.29, 95% CI:1.40-7.74)were more likely to enter the C3 group, but students from cities(OR=0.37, 95% CI:0.18-0.78)were less likely to enter the C3 group.

The development tendencies of college students’ suicide ideation can be classified into three categories: worsening suicidal ideation group,persistent low suicidal ideation group, and relieving suicidal ideation group. The developmental trajectory of suicidal ideation is related to birthplace, childhood life, suicide history, and personality traits.

To explore potential classifications and characteristics of mental health literacy among HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

From November 2023 to January 2024, 226 HIV-positive MSM in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing were selected by the convenience sampling method and were investigated by general information questionnaire and multicomponent mental health literacy scale. Latent class analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the categorical characteristics and influencing factors of mental health literacy in this group.

The mental health literacy characteristics of HIV-positive MSM could be classified into low literacy group (22.1%), resource deficient group (38.1%), and high literacy group (39.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients aged 18-34 (OR=5.573, 95%CI=1.020-30.449) were more likely to be in the resource deficient group than the low literacy group, and those who had participated in learning mental health skills (OR=0.126, 95%CI=0.033-0.476) were more likely to be in the high literacy group. Compared with the high literacy group, patients with literacy level of junior high school or below (OR=15.992, 95%CI=2.036-125.591), high school or junior college (OR=2.805, 95%CI=1.098-7.166), length of time to diagnosis of HIV infection <1 year (OR=8.440, 95%CI=1.628-43.742), and with comorbidities (OR=6.619, 95%CI=1.077-40.663) were more likely to be in the low literacy group; and patients with a monthly per capita family income of <3000 yuan (OR=6.241, 95%CI=1.088-35.814) were more likely to be in the resource deprived group.

There are three potential categories of mental health literacy among HIV-positive MSM. In the future, targeted intervention strategies should be developed to improve the level of their mental health literacy and further improve their mental health according to this group’s different category characteristics and influencing factors.

To explore the relationship between H-type hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease.

From December 2021 to December 2022, 257 patients with CKD were randomly collected from the Department of Nephrology of Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, and 257 patients were collected in the physical examination department as the control group. Data on general demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, disease history, and clinical indicators were collected for all study subjects. The epidemic status and influencing factors of CKD, and the relationship between H-type hypertension and CKD were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. An interaction model was constructed to analyze the interaction effect of homocysteine (Hcy) and hypertension on the onset of CKD. The effect of H-type hypertension and related influencing factors on CKD were explored by subgroup analysis.

The results of univariate analysis of general demographic characteristics and clinical indicators between CKD and control groups showed: age, ethnicity, educational level, per capita income, exercise status, sleep duration, BMI, history of H-type hypertension, triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), albumin (ALB), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), Hcy, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), C reactive protein (CRP) levels (P<0.05). Dichotomized Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of CKD, adjusted for age, nationality, educational level, family income, exercise, sleep duration, BMI, TG, HDL, ALB, GFR, BUN, UA, TBIL, CRP was 2.333 times higher than in those without H-type hypertension(OR=2.333, 95%CI: 1.365-3.989, P=0.002). The interaction results between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hypertension suggested that there was a positive additive interaction between HHcy and hypertension, with no multiplicative interaction. There was an interaction between H-type hypertension and age, educational level, average annual family income, and sleep duration on the onset of CKD (P<0.05).

H-type hypertension is a risk factor for CKD, and there is an additive interaction between the effects of HHcy and hypertension on CKD.

To explore the impact of perceived HIV-related discrimination on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among middle-aged and elderly individuals living with HIV/AIDS and the modifying effect of social support, so as to provide guidance for improving ART treatment success rates.

By using cluster random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among middle-aged and elderly HIV/AIDS patients in the city of Mianyang. The survey assessed their sociodemographic characteristics, social support, perceived discrimination, and treatment adherence. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between these factors and ART adherence.

The study included 401 middle-aged and elderly HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART. Good adherence was observed in 69.82% of participants, while 30.18% had poor adherence. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with effective viral suppression (viral load ≤20) demonstrated better adherence compared to treatment failure patients (viral load >20). Adherence was also higher among those following single or dual antiretroviral drug regimens. Logistic regression results indicated that fear of disclosure (OR=1.116, 95% CI: 1.023–1.217), public discrimination (OR=1.105, 95% CI: 1.008–1.211), and internal shame (OR=1.119, 95% CI: 1.022–1.225) significantly influenced treatment adherence. Stratified analysis further revealed that fear of disclosure (OR=1.159, 95% CI: 1.034–1.299), public discrimination (OR=1.128, 95% CI: 1.004–1.267), and internal shame (OR=1.150, 95% CI: 1.021–1.297) were associated with adherence.

Enhancing social support, particularly at the individual and family levels, is crucial to mitigate the impact of fear of disclosure, public discrimination, internal shame, and treatment regimens on HIV/AIDS treatment adherence. Public education and support programs should aim to reduce discrimination, strengthen viral load monitoring, and adjust personalized treatment plans promptly.

To understand the utilization of mental health education services and its influencing factors among the elderly floating population in China, and to provide reference for the effective development of mental health education for the elderly.

The data of 5 589 elderly migrants in the 2018 National Floating Population Health and Family Planning Dynamic Monitoring Questionnaire were analyzed, and the Anderson model was used as the theoretical framework, and the main analysis methods included statistical description, χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis.

The utilization rate of mental health education services for the elderly floating population in China was 16.84%, and the methods which wereused were mainly publicity materials, publicity columns, knowledge lectures and public health consultation activities, and the logistic regression results showed that the education level was college degree or above (OR=1.229, 95%CI: 0.901-1.676), the flow range was inter-city in the province (OR=1.219, 95%CI: 1.047-1.593), and the inflow area was Northeast China (OR=1.419, 95%CI: 1.159-1.737), central region (OR=1.980, 95%CI: 1.582-2.478) were the protective factors for the use of mental health education services in the elderly floating population, the migration duration was 10-20 years (OR=0.689, 95%CI: 0.521-0.913), the health records were not established and unknown (OR=0.473, 95%CI: 0.333-0.672), Unclear health record establishment (OR=0.683, 95%CI: 0.473-0.986), uncontracted and uninformed family contracted doctors (OR=0.537, 95%CI: 0.37-0.767), and unclear family doctor contract (OR=0.597, 95%CI: 0.423-0.844) were risk factors for the utilization of mental health education services in the elderly migrant population.

The utilization rate of mental health education services for the elderly floating population needs to be improved, the awareness of mental health of the elderly floating population should be strengthened, the mental health publicity of the elderly floating population should be increased, and the elderly floating population should be guided to actively receive mental health education.

To explore the level and influencing factors of dietary recommendation knowledge among residents aged 18-64 years in Hunan Province in 2021, and to provide a reference for targeted dietary nutrition education.

In 2021, a total of 4351 adult residents from 13 districts (counties) survey sites of Hunan Province were surveyed using the Nutrition and Health Knowledge Questionnaire. The total score of the questionnaire was 100. The knowledge dimension of dietary recommendation included 19 knowledge points, with a total score of 30, the total score of this dimension ≥ 22.5 was considered to be aware of dietary recommendation related knowledge. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of adult residents’ knowledge level of dietary recommendation.

A total of 4 010 adults were included in the survey, with an average age of (38.6±12.0) years. The average score of dietary recommendation knowledge dimension was (17.7±4.4) points, and the awareness rate of knowledge about dietary recommendations was 13.6%. The results showed that there were significant differences in the scores and awareness rates of dietary recommendation related knowledge among residents with different genders, age groups, education levels, work units and specific situation of chronic diseases (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the corresponding reference group, the awareness rate of dietary recommendation related knowledge was relatively higher in female residents (OR=1.267, 95%CI=1.051 - 1.526) and residents with education level of junior high school and above [junior high school (OR=1.528, 95%CI=1.042-2.242), seniorhigh school (OR=2.123, 95%CI=1.421 - 3.172), college/professional college (OR=3.653, 95%CI=2.386-5.593),bachelor’s degree and above (OR=3.385, 95%CI=2.120 - 5.405)]. Compared with those working in medical and health institutions, those working in education-related institutions had a lower awareness rate of dietary recommendation knowledge (OR=0.547, 95%CI: 0.322-0.930). Compared with those without chronic diseases, the awareness rate of dietary recommendation was lower in adults who did not know their specific situation of chronicdiseases (OR=0.613, 95%CI=0.487-0.772).

There is significant room for improvement in the knowledge level of diet recommendation among adult residents in Hunan Province. In the future, more attention should be paid to the dietary nutrition education of adult males, middle-aged and elderly people, patients with chronic diseases, and residents who do not work in medical and health institutions.

To explore the association between social isolation, loneliness, and smoking behavior among Chinese older adults.

In this study, data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were selected and statistically analyzed using Stata 17.0. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between social isolation, loneliness, and smoking behavior. Multiple interpolation with chained equations was used to fill in missing values and perform sensitivity analyses.

A total of 9 234 older adults aged 60 years and above were included, and the prevalence of social isolation and loneliness was 30.88% and 31.48%, respectively. Multi-model adjustment showed that socially isolated (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.23-1.57) older adults were at greater risk of smoking. Subgroup analyses of age and gender showed a greater risk in 65-<75 years (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.04-1.50), and men (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.07-1.44). No association between loneliness (OR=1.09, 95%CI: 0.95-1.25) and smoking behavior was observed, and the results of sensitivity analyses remained consistent.

In China, the older adults who are socially isolated are more likely to smoke. Therefore a tripartite effort by society, community and family is needed to pay attention to the social contact as well as social participation of older adults, particularly the high-risk groups of social isolation and smoking behaviors, in order to improve the healthy behavior among the older.

To understand the Prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism and its influencing factors in Kunming, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

From August to November 2020, 6332 eligible residents from 32 administrative villages/neighborhood committees in 4 counties (districts) of Kunming City were selected as survey subjects, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal glucose metabolism.

The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in adults in Kunming was 26.93% (PDM 12.86%, diabetes 14.07%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ≥60 years old (OR=2.408, 95%CI:1.468-3.951), overweight (OR=1.348, 95%CI:1.063-1.709), central obesity (OR=1.740, 95%CI:1.374-2.203), hypertension (OR=1.301, 95%CI:1.020-1.660) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.407, 95%CI:1.160-1.706) were associated with the risk of PDM. 40-49 years old (OR=3.230，95%CI:1.942-5.373), 50 - 59 years old (OR=5.229，95%CI：3.229-8.467),≥60 years old (OR=8.924，95%CI:5.515-14.438), low body weight (OR=1.065，95%CI：1.032-2.498), obesity (OR=1.540，95%CI:1.180-2.009), central obesity (OR=1.565, 95%CI:1.288-1.901), hypertension (OR=1.482, 95%CI:1.264-1.737) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.677, 95%CI:1.437-1.958). Family history of diabetes (OR=3.926, 95%CI:3.179-4.850) and insufficient physical activity (OR=1.473, 95%CI:1.259-1.725) were associated with the risk of diabetes. Physical labor (OR=0.581, 95%CI:0.387-0.873) was associated with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus. There were statistically significant.

The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in adult residents of Kunming City is high. Age, overweight and obesity, history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, family history of diabetes, and lack of physical activity are risk factors for abnormal glucose metabolism. Prevention and control should be focused on these factors.