To analyze and evaluate the prevention and control policies for thalassemia, identify the usage and distribution of policy tools, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the policies, and propose improvement suggestions.

From the perspective of policy instruments, an analytical framework of "policy tools-stakeholders" has been constructed. Utilizing the Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) index model, a quantitative evaluation was conducted. The characteristics of policy tool usage were identified, problems in the policies were discovered, and strategies for policy optimization were explored.

The study found that the overall quality of Guangxi’s thalassemia prevention and control policies is relatively high, but there are also issues such as fewer joint documents issued by multiple departments, lack of demand-oriented policy tools (18.46%), slightly vague policy nature, and difficulty in balancing long-term and short-term policy effectiveness.

The prevention and treatment policy for Mediterranean anemia should start by enhancing the utilization of demand-driven tools, taking into account the short-term and long-term effectiveness of the policy, and mobilizing the participation of multiple stakeholders to improve policy quality.

To understand the HIV infection risk perception bias and its related influencing factors among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong Province, so as to provide reference for making feasible HIV health education plans.

From April to July, 2022, young MSM were recruited in six cities in Shandong province, and a questionnaire survey was conducted and blood samples were collected to collect demographic characteristics, HIV risk perception and risk behavior of MSM. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of HIV infection risk perception bias among young MSM.

A total of 978 MSM were investigated, of which 85%(831/978) were over 20 years old, 97.6%(955/978) were unmarried/divorced or widowed, 61.1%(598/978) were college educated, 2.6% (25/978) were positive for HIV antibody and 3.6%(35/978) for syphilis antibody. 47.1%(461/978) had HIV infection risk perception bias, of which 54.0%(249/461) underestimate the risk and 46.0%(212/461) overestimate the risk. Logistic regression analysis showed that unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR=11.693,95%CI:1.546-88.407) and having no or low risk of new drugs (OR=2.041,95%CI:1.477-2.825) were the risk factors for underestimating the risk. Household registration in Shandong province (OR=2.618,95%CI:1.397-4.902), college education or above (OR=1.728, 95%CI:1.206-2.475), homosexuality (OR=2.532, 95%CI:1.093-5.845), having general or high risk of new drugs(OR=8.323, 95%CI:4.602-15.052), who had not received AIDS intervention (OR=2.288,95%CI:1.224-4.292) and had not taken preventive drugs before exposure (OR=11.905,95%CI: 3.663-38.462) were the risk factors for overestimating the risk.

HIV infection risk perception bias among young MSM in Shandong Province is high, and HIV risk behaviors are widespread. It is necessary to strengthen the education of MSM who have low self-rated HIV infection risk but have high-risk behaviors, improve risk awareness and reduce the occurrence of dangerous behaviors.

To investigate the dynamic developmental trajectories of early suicidal ideation among adolescents, and the influence of factors such as gender, left-behind status, only-child status, boarding status, and social support on the trajectories of suicidal ideation development.

A cluster sampling method was employed to conduct three follow-up surveys among 989 7th-grade students in a certain urban middle school in Hunan Province from March to December 2023. The adolescent suicidal ideation scale (PANSI) and adolescent social support scale (CASSS) were used for questionnaire surveys. A latent growth mixture model (LGMM) was utilized to analyze and explore different categories of early suicidal ideation among adolescents.

Four potential categories of developmental trajectories of early suicidal ideation among adolescents were identified, labeled as C1 group "high-risk-stable" (7.2%), C2 group "medium-risk-worsening" (8.8%), C3 group "medium-risk-stable" (11.1%) and C4 group "low-risk-stable" (72.9%). Being female, left-behind, and only-child were identified as risk factors for the developmental trajectories of early suicidal ideation (all P<0.05), while social support was identified as a protective factor for these trajectories.

The developmental trajectories of early suicidal ideation among adolescents exhibit significant heterogeneity among groups and individual differences.

To understand intake frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and the consumption habit among primary and secondary students. To explore the relationship of SSBs cognition and behavior，and to provide a basis for reducing students’ intake of SSBs.

A multi-stage sampling process was employed to select subjects from primary and middle school in Shenzhen. Network questionnaire survey was conducted to collecting information in September and October, 2021. Spearman rank correlations was used to analyze relationships of various types of SSBs consumption frequency. Multivariable linear regression model was used to examine the relationship between SSBs cognition score and consumption frequency score. Hierarchical analysis to explore the interactions.

A total of 16 840 primary and secondary students aged 6 to 18 years old were included. The prevalence of SSBs consumption at least 3 time/week was 58.9%, the grades 1-3, 4-6 and middle school students were 52.3%, 60.3% and 67.6%. Parents (73.3%) were the main buyers of SSBs, convenience stores (73.7%) were the main places and delicious (77.2%) was the major cause of choices. There was a positive correlation between the intake frequency of different types of SSBs (P<0.001). The results of multivariate linear regression showed that the higher the cognition was, the lower the intake frequency of SSBs was (β=0.179, 95%CI：0.155-0.204). There was a multiplicative interaction between the cognitive score of SSBs and the educational level of parents (P<0.00l).

The intake frequency of SSBs was high among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen, and the cognitive level of SSBs was related to the intake frequency and the educational level of parents.

To investigate the epidemiologic profile of contamination by multiple respiratory viruses (including influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus) in the environments of medical institutions in Changsha City in 2023, aiming to provide scientific evidence for the formulation of infection control measures.

A total of 663 environmental samples were collected from 11 medical institutions in Changsha City, encompassing various types such as air, desktops, countertops, trash cans, power switches, door handles, elevator buttons, faucets in washrooms, water dispensers, and other surface swab samples. RT-PCR technology was employed to conduct nucleic acid testing for multiple respiratory viruses. The overall positive rates of respiratory viruses among different types of medical institutions, surveillance areas, and environmental samples were comparatively analyzed.

The study revealed that the overall positive rate of nucleic acids for multiple respiratory viruses in the medical institution environments of Changsha City in 2023 was 10.41%, and the positive rates for influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were 0.90%, 5.28%, 3.77%, and 0.45%, respectively. Among the different types of medical institutions, general hospitals exhibited the highest positive rate of multiple respiratory viruses, reaching 15.22%, while specialized hospitals and other medical institutions (including welfare hospitals and physical examination institutions) had positive rates of 10.71% and 2.61%, respectively. In terms of surveillance areas, outpatient diagnosis and treatment areas demonstrated the highest overall positive rate of multiple respiratory viruses, standing at 12.50%, while public areas and inpatient wards exhibited lower positive rates. Additionally, swab samples collected from desktops, countertops, and trash cans showed the highest overall positive rate of multiple respiratory viruses, accounting for 15.45%. Samples from other sources, including faucets and water dispensers in washrooms, power switches, elevator buttons, door handles, and air samples, also exhibited varying degrees of positive rates. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences in the overall positive rates of multiple respiratory viruses among different types of medical institutions, surveillance areas, and environmental samples (P<0.05).

The presence of multiple respiratory viruses in the environments of medical institutions in Changsha City in 2023 suggests the urgent need for enhanced epidemiologic surveillance and disinfection measures to effectively prevent and control nosocomial infections.

To explore the association between gallstones and CVD among ethnic minority populations in Guizhou Province, as well as the mediating effect of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in this association, in order to provide reference suggestions for reducing the burden of CVD.

Based on the database of Cohort Study of Native Natural Population in Ethnic Minority Gathering Areas in Southwest China, stratified and multi-stage cluster sampling was used to conduct a baseline survey of ethnic minorities aged 30 - 79 years in Qiandongnan and Qiannan Prefectures of Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between gallstones and CVD, and the mediating effect model was used to evaluate the mediating effect of glomerular filtration rate in the association.

The detection rate of CVD in Guizhou minority population was 3.16 %, among which the detection rates of Dong, Miao and Buyi were 3.27%, 3.07 % and 3.12%, respectively. The total detection rate of gallstones was 9.03%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for all the variables (model 3), the detection rates of CVD in the total population [OR（95%CI）: 1.633(1.269-2.102)], the Dong [OR（95%CI）: 1.567(1.077-2.280)], and Miao [OR（95%CI）: 1.679(1.055-2.673)], gallstones were positively associated with CVD. No association between gallstones and CVD was found in the Buyi population. Subgroup analysis showed that Dong patients with gallstones<60 years old were positively correlated with CVD [OR（95%CI）: 1.825(1.022-3.258)], gallstone patients without hyperlipidemia [OR（95%CI）: 2.151(1.352-3.422)], gallstone patients without hypertension [OR（95%CI）: 1.612(1.013-2.565)] were positively correlated with CVD. Miao≥60 years old [OR（95%CI）: 1.878(1.038-3.397)], male [OR（95%CI）: 1.546(1.212-5.586)], BMI≥24 [OR（95%CI）: 1.972(1.160-3.354)], gallstone patients with hypertension [OR（95%CI）: 2.264(1.297 - 5.429)] were positively correlated with CVD. Mediation analysis revealed that the glomerular filtration rate accounted for 16.96%, 12.08%, 17.43%, and 14.52% of the mediating effect between gallstones and CVD in the total population, Dong, Miao, and Buyi people, respectively.

Gallstones are positively correlated with CVD in the Dong and Miao populations in Guizhou Province, especially in the overweight and hypertension population of the Miao nationality. There is no association between gallstones and CVD in the Buyi population. Glomerular filtration rate has a partial mediating effect between gallstones and CVD.

To explore the effect of homework time on myopia of primary school students and evaluate its differences among different grades.

A total of 183 districts in 21 cities of Sichuan Province were selected as research sites. Two primary schools were randomly selected from each research site, and students in grades 4-6 were selected form the whole class basis. At least 80 students from each school were selected for visual screening and questionnaire survey. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of homework duration on myopia.

47 054 students from grades 4 to 6 were included in the study, including 32.5% in grade 4, 33.4% in grade 5 and 34.0% in grade 6. The myopia rate of students in grades 4-6 was 50.3%, and it increased with the increase of grade. After controlling covariates, the average daily homework time<1 h was taken as reference, and the homework time of 1-2 hours was the risk factor for myopia (OR=1.059, P=0.008). Stratified by sex, the same effect was observed in male students (OR=1.102, P=0.001), and was most pronounced in male students in grade 5 (OR=1.123, P=0.026). The same effect was observed among students with good economic level (OR=1.097, P=0.005).

Homework may increase the risk of myopia of primary school students. It is suggested to arrange homework time scientifically and reasonably.

To study the relationship between the education of offspring and the developmental trajectory of cognitive function in the rural elderly, and to explore the mediating effect of intergenerational support.

Based on seven waves of a special longitudinal survey spanning 18 years, a group-based trajectory model was used to identify the heterogeneous developmental trends of cognitive function in the rural elderly population. An unordered polytomous logistic regression was employed to study the association between offspring’s education and the developmental trajectory cognitive function among the rural elderly. The KHB method was utilized to analyze the mediating effect of intergenerational support.

A total of 1 342 elderly individuals, aged 60 to 100 years and having participated in at least two survey waves, were included. Three cognitive function trajectory groups were identified: the low decline group (19.75%), the moderate decline group (44.41%), and the high stability group (35.84%). Compared with subjects in the low decline group, those with higher levels of offspring education were more likely to belong to the moderate decline or high stability groups. Intergenerational support played a significant mediating role in this relationship, exhibiting a characteristic of need dependency. Furthermore, intergenerational economic support contributed the most to the mediating effect in each trajectory group, and robustness checks yielded similar results.

There is heterogeneity in the trajectories of cognitive function among the rural elderly. The educational achievements of offspring are an intrinsic driving force for the positive development of cognitive function in this demographic. At the same time, under the continuous impact of modern ideas and cultural waves, the traditional "filial piety culture" in rural areas of China remains deeply rooted.

To provide a basis for formulating precise prevention and control strategies, the temporal and spatial aggregation characteristics of county road traffic injury mortality were analyzed, Shandong, 2012-2021.

The traffic injury mortality rate was calculated by using the data from the death registration and reporting system of Shandong. Geoda 1.18 and SatScan 9.7 were used for spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatiotemporal scanning analysis to explore the characteristics of spatiotemporal aggregation, and principal component regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors.

Road traffic injury mortality rate in Shandong from 2012 to 2021 showed an overall decreasing trend and was high in the fall. The spatial correlation existed in each year, and the "high-high" aggregation area was mainly located in the central and northwestern parts of Shandong. The spatial scan revealed the existence of four clusters across the entire population. Cluster 1 existed from March 2012 to February 2015, covering 26 districts and counties, primarily located in south-central Shandong. Similar to the total population, urban and rural areas were mainly located in the central and southern part of Shandong, and the main urban agglomeration area existed from January 2012 to December 2014, covering 19 districts and counties; The main rural agglomeration area existed from January 2012 to December 2014, covering 38 districts and counties. Principal component regression analysis showed that the variables reflecting the economic and transportation conditions had a greater impact. Among them, the number of permanent residents and the volume of passenger and freight transportation were positively correlated with the mortality rate, while others were negatively correlated.

From 2012 to 2021, the mortality rate of road traffic injuries in Shandong showed a decreasing trend. The main agglomeration area exists in the central and southern part of Shandong, and the rural agglomeration is more obvious. According to the characteristics of clustering, attention should be paid to the enforcement of laws and regulations, infrastructure construction, population flow and other factors in high-risk areas, and prevention and control strategies should be adopted or adjusted according to local conditions.

To analyze the mediating role of activities of daily living ability in older adults and the long-term relationship between cognitive trajectories and the risk of all-cause mortality.

Based on the CLHLS data from 2002 to 2008, the Group-based Trajectory model (GBTM) was used to identify the heterogeneous trajectories of cognitive function in older adults, using CLHLS data from 2008 to 2018 as the follow-up time for all-cause mortality risk. The connection between the cognitive trajectories and the risk of all-cause mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Log-Rank tests and Cox regression analysis. Marginal structure model was used to analyze the mediating effect of ADL in their relationship, with subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis conducted.

A total of 4 177 older adults aged 65-105 years who participated in follow-up for three consecutive years were enrolled, and two cognitive trajectory groups were identified: the low-decline group (n=691, 16.61%) and the high-stable group (n=3 186, 83.39%). By Log-Rank test, there was a statistically significant difference in survival rate between the different cognitive trajectory groups (χ²=323.69, P<0.01). After adjusting for other covariates, the risk of all-cause death was still lower in the high-stable group (HR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.57-0.71) compared to the low-declining group. ADL had a mediating effect in the relationship between cognitive trajectories and the risk of all-cause mortality, and the indirect hazard ratio was 0.93 (95%CI: 0.87-0.98). The results of subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were consistent with the trend of the main research results.

There are different cognitive trajectories in the elderly, and cognitive trajectories can affect the risk of all-cause mortality, ADL plays a mediating role in this relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically monitor cognition, detect problems in time, and take targeted measures to reduce the risk of death in the elderly.