To explore whether the newly proposed cardiovascular health indicator LE8 provides greater predictive value for adverse cardiovascular events (ACE) than LS7 in the Chinese population.

Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 5 772 participants who had not experienced ACE prior to the 2009 survey were included. The cardiovascular health indicators LE8 and LS7 were calculated, and the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the 5-year risk of ACE occurrence. The differences in predictive value for ACE occurrence between the two indicators were compared using C statistics.

For LE8, the participants in the highest percentile had a 5-year ACE risk of 2.3%,whereas those in the lowest percentile had a risk approximately six times higher. The results of the Cox proportional hazards model indicated that the C statistic for LS7 was 0.728 (95%CI: 0.706-0.75), while that for LE8 was 0.726 (95%CI: 0.703-0.748), with no statistically significant difference (P=0.51).

In the Chinese population, both LE8 and LS7 are associated with new ACE. However, LE8 incurs higher collection costs and has not demonstrated superior predictive value; therefore, LS7, which is easier to implement in clinical practice, is recommended as the risk prediction indicator for new cardiovascular events.

To understand the current situation of adult tobacco prevalence in each sub-district and township of Dingzhou city, Hebei Province, provide data support for formulating grass-roots tobacco control policies, and provide a reference for estimating tobacco prevalence indicators at the county-district level.

A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method and Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method were used to conduct a questionnaire survey among permanent residents aged 15 and above in Dingzhou city. The survey data were cleaned, weighted, and analyzed using SAS 9.4. The current smoking rate, quitting rate, and second-hand smoke exposure rate in Dingzhou city were reported. The Small Area Estimation (SAE) method was used to estimate the above-mentioned indicators for each sub-district and township.

A total of 7 660 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey, with an overall response rate of 68.70%. In 2023, the current smoking rate among people aged 15 and above in Dingzhou city was 22.27%, the quitting rate was 9.60%, and the second-hand smoke exposure rate among non-smokers was 36.84%. The estimation results of the SAE model showed that there were differences in tobacco prevalence monitoring indicators among different sub-districts and townships. Townships such as Xingyi Town, Liqinggu Town, and Dongliuchun Township in the southern part of Dingzhou city had relatively high current smoking rates (25%-35%). Some townships in the northwest and southeast regions had relatively low quitting rates (less than 10%), while the sub-districts and townships with relatively high second-hand smoke exposure rates were more scattered, with the rates in Dongting Town and Xizhong Town exceeding 50%.

The SAE model can be used to estimate tobacco prevalence monitoring indicators at the county-district and even sub-district and township levels. Currently, the tobacco prevalence situation in some sub-districts and townships of Dingzhou city is relatively severe. Targeted grass-roots tobacco control work should be carried out, the construction of smoke-free environments should be strengthened, and grass-roots smoking cessation services should be promoted.

To explore the alterations in gut microbiota following the oral administration of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in vanadium-exposed mice, providing new insights into the mechanisms of vanadium toxicity and its prevention and treatment.

Male C57BL/6J mice were used as subjects and randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and three PPE dosage groups, with 10 mice in each group. Mice were administered sodium metavanadate solution via intraperitoneal injection (3 mg/kg, once every 2 days) for modeling, and PPE was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg every 2 days. The control group received physiological saline. At the end of 12 weeks, fecal samples were collected to extract gut bacterial genomic DNA for amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and the SNK (Student-Newman-Keuls) test.

Long-term vanadium exposure resulted in a decrease in gut bacterial abundance, with a reduction in OTU numbers (P < 0.05).The α-diversity indices, including Shannon, Simpson, ACE, and Chao1, significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The β-diversity analysis, represented by PCoA and NMDS plots, showed significant differentiation. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Akkermansiaceae significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae significantly decreased (P < 0.05).However, low and medium doses of PPE were able to partially restore the reduction in gut microbiota abundance and diversity caused by vanadium exposure (P < 0.05), bringing the abundance of affected characteristic bacterial groups back to normal levels (P < 0.05).

Vanadium exposure leads to a decrease in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in mice, while low and medium doses of PPE intervention can effectively improve the gut microbiota disorder induced by vanadium exposure.

To use the multi-state model to study the risks of developing Parkinson’s disease and death after stroke and explore their influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prognosis of stroke patients and the prevention of Parkinson’s disease.

This study was based on 345 585 participants registered in the UK Biobank database from 2006 to 2010, with follow-up until November 30, 2021. The multi-state model was used to analyze the risks of developing Parkinson’s disease and death in stroke patients.

Among the six outcome paths, the cumulative risk from stroke to death was the highest, followed by that of Parkinson’s disease and from the baseline to death. The risk probability of developing Parkinson’s disease after stroke was 2.25 times that of the baseline state, and the death probability of stroke patients was 11.36 times that of the baseline population. The results of the influencing factors in the multi-state model showed that advanced age (over 60 years old), male, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, and childhood obesity were all risk factors for the transition of the baseline population to the three states (stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and death). In the transition path from stroke to Parkinson’s disease, advanced age (over 60 years old) was a risk factor, while alcohol consumption and female gender were protective factors for stroke patients to develop Parkinson’s disease (HR=0.569, 95%CI: 0.357-0.909), (HR=0.521, 95%CI: 0.344-0.788). In the path from stroke to death, advanced age (over 50 years old), depression (HR=1.980, 95%CI: 1.656-2.369), smoking (HR=1.504,95%CI: 1.358-1.647), and a family history of stroke could increase the risk of stroke to death, while alcohol consumption was a protective factor (HR=0.872, 95%CI: 0.774-0.984). Advanced age (over 60 years old), depression (HR=1.783, 95%CI: 1.295-2.451), and smoking (HR=1.781, 95%CI: 1.397-2.295) were risk factors for the death of Parkinson’s patients, and the mortality rate of female patients was lower than that of male patients (HR=0.797, 95%CI: 0.686-0.926).

Advanced age (over 60 years old), male gender, smoking, depression, and childhood obesity are risk factors for stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and death in the baseline population; advanced age, male, smoking, depression, and a family history of stroke are risk factors for stroke patients to develop Parkinson’s disease and die. The multi-state model can be used to demonstrate the influencing factors and extent of disease transitions, revealing the patterns of disease progression.

To understand the healthy life expectancy (HLE) of residents aged 18 and above in Nanjing under various standards and evaluate the health status of the population.

Using data from the 2023 Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission’s survey on per capita life expectancy and the health expectancy survey of Nanjing residents, we calculated disability measures based on four health standards: self-rated health, reported health, GALI (Global Activity Limitation Indicator), and EQ-5D. The Sullivan method was employed to estimate the healthy life expectancy for Nanjing under these different standards.

In 2023, the life expectancy (LE) for residents aged 18 in Nanjing was 63.05 years. The HLE under the four health standards for 18-year-old residents were 49.35 years, 42.39 years, 55.08 years, and 60.95 years, respectively.The HLE across all age groups followed the order of EQ-5D > GALI > self-rated health > reported health. Notably, HLE for males under 85 years was lower than that for females, although males exhibited a relatively higher quality of life compared to females at all age levels.

There are certain discrepancies in the results derived from the four standards; however, the observed age trends and gender patterns are consistent. The differences in results may be attributed to the dimensions of health evaluation and the methods used for calculating disability measures, necessitating further research.

To explore the influence of social activity on cognitive ability among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China and the mediating role of depression.

Based on the data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 7 058 rural middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 and above were selected as the research subjects. Social activity was measured by the types and frequency of social activities. Cognitive ability was evaluated by the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE), and depression was measured by the (CES-D 10) scale. Descriptive statistics and partial correlation analysis were used for data analysis, and the Process macro program was used to test the mediating effect.

The mediating effect test showed that social activity among rural middle-aged and elderly people had a direct effect on cognitive ability (β=0.066, 95%CI: 0.039-0.093), accounting for 92.96% of the total effect. Depression (β=0.005, 95%CI: 0.001-0.010), accounting for 7.04% of the total effect, played a mediating role between them.

Improving the social activity of rural middle-aged and elderly people may effectively relieve their depression and promote the protection of cognitive function. Support and promotion of social activities for rural middle-aged and elderly people should be strengthened to improve their mental health and cognitive ability.

To understand the successful aging rate of middle-aged and elderly people in China， to explore the association between sleep duration and successful aging of middle-aged and elderly people in China，and to provide reference for promoting the health and quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people.

Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)， a longitudinal study was conducted to analyze sleep duration， successful aging scores and successful aging rates among individuals aged 45 and above from 2011 to 2020. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations of naptime sleep duration，nighttime sleep duration and total sleep duration with successful aging scores in middle-aged and older adults.

The successful aging rates were 4.26%，16.82%，11.62%，10.08%，and 16.47% in 2011，2013，2015，2018，and 2020，respectively. Nighttime sleep duration (β₁=0.377，P<0.001; β₂=-0.023，P<0.001) and total sleep duration (β₁=0.345，P<0.001；β₂=-0.020，P<0.001) showed inverted U-shaped associations with successful aging in China’s middle-aged and elderly. Naptime duration and successful aging showed an inverted U-shaped association in the middle-aged population aged 45-59 years (β₁=0.083，P=0.008; β₂=-0.042，P<0.001)， and a linear association in the elderly population aged 60 years and above (β₁=0.074，P=0.011).

Maintaining a moderate length of sleep is conducive to the development of successful aging in China middle-aged and older adults，and either too short or too long a sleep period may have a detrimental effect on middle-aged and older adults.

To explore the relationship between the carbohydrate to fiber ratio (CF) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among residents in the Ili region of Xinjiang, with the goal of providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes.

The data from the the Xinjiang Multi-Ethnic Cohort in the Ili region was utilized, selecting participants who took part in the baseline survey in 2019 and were followed up in 2020, 2021, and 2022. We calculated the CF for study participants based on dietary survey data. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to investigate the association between CF and the risk of T2DM. Additionally, restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between CF and T2DM risk.

A total of 6 879 participants were included in the study, with a median follow-up time of 37.4 months, during which 543 new cases of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were identified. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on CF (Cumulative Frequency). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of developing T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 30.0%(HR=0.700, 95% CI: 0.547-0.896) and 29.3% (HR=0.707, 95% CI: 0.553-0.904), respectively, compared to the Q1 group. The use of restricted cubic splines indicated a non-linear U-shaped relationship between CF and the risk of developing T2DM (P<0.05). Stratified analysis revealed that in overweight and obese individuals (BMI≥24 kg/m²), the risk of T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 35.7% and 35.4%, respectively, compared to the Q1 group. Among males, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was reduced by 31.6% compared to the Q1 group, while in females, the Q3 group showed a reduction of 36.7% compared to the Q1 group. Additionally, in individuals aged under 65 years, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was also reduced by 34.5% compared to the Q1 group. No associations were observed in other stratified populations.

A U-shaped relationship exists between CF and the risk of T2DM. Attention should be paid to the CF levels in individuals who are overweight or obese and those under 65 years of age, as there are significant implications for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

To analyze the current situation of sleep quality and its relationship with diabetes among elderly Bai people in rural areas of Dali, Yunnan.

A multi - stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 1 418 rural Bai elderly people aged ≥60 years in Dali city, Yunnan Province for questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. Binary multi-factor Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and the prevalence of diabetes.

The sleep disorder rate in the surveyed population was 48.4%, with 41.1% in men and 54.9% in women. The sleep disorder rate in women was higher than that in men (χ²=26.818, P < 0.001).The prevalence of diabetes was 15.9%, with 15.2% in men and 16.6% in women. The sleep disorder rate increased with age (χ²_trend =4.607,P < 0.05). The results of multi-factor Logistic regression showed that the elderly with sleep disorders were more likely to suffer from diabetes than those without sleep disorders (OR=1.425, 95%CI: 1.059-1.916).

Sleep disorder is an important risk factor for diabetes in the elderly. Strengthening sleep management for the elderly is helpful for the prevention of diabetes.