To understand the focus and central aspects of government attention allocation in provincial-level infant and toddler care service policies in China to reveal the characteristics of provincial governments’ attention to various issues related to infant and toddler care services, providing a basis for rational allocation of government attention in the next phase and optimizing policy resources for these services.

A total of 87 provincial-level government policies on infant and toddler care services issued from April 2018 to July 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The study primarily employed word frequency analysis and semantic network analysis to measure the direction and center of government attention allocation in the policy texts.

The direction of government attention allocation in infant and toddler care policies across different regions was relatively consistent, with the top ten high-frequency words including “service”, “care”, “institution”, “infant and toddler”, “care”,“elderly”, and “health”. The central focus of attention allocation in the eastern, central, and western regions was “institution”,while the northeastern region showed a different central focus. The node with the highest intermediary centrality was “service”,followed by “infant and toddler” and “elderly” as secondary central nodes.

Provincial governments have placed excessive emphasis on services provided by care institutions, necessitating greater attention to the diversity of infant and toddler care service types. There is also a need to enhance focus on inclusive infant and toddler care services, with the northeastern region particularly requiring innovative models for the coordinated development of elderly and infant and toddler care services.

To explore the association between sleep duration and fall incidents among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China.

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), involving 18 515 participants aged 45 and older. Demographic characteristics, behaviors, lifestyle factors, and health status of the subjects were collected, and logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and fall risk.

The incidence of falls among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China over two years was 17.20%, with an average sleep duration of (6.11 ± 1.86) hours. The fall incidence for those sleeping less than 5 hours per night was 26.39%, for 5 to less than 7 hours was 16.39%, for 7 to less than 9 hours was 13.04%, for 9 to less than 11 hours was 15.99%, and for those sleeping 11 hours or more was 30.00%. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that the fall risks for individuals with sleep durations of less than 5 hours, 5 to less than 7 hours, and 11 hours or more were 1.46,1.15, and 2.01 times higher respectively compared to those sleeping 7 to less than 9 hours (P < 0.05). Analysis using the restricted cubic spline model revealed a U-shaped non-linear dose-response relationship between sleep duration and falls (overall trend P <0.05, non-linear test P < 0.05), with the lowest risk of falls occurring at approximately 7.5 hours of sleep.

Falls are significantly associated with both short and long sleep durations, with the optimal sleep duration being around 7.5 hours. Intervention measures should be implemented for middle-aged and elderly individuals with poor sleep quality to reduce their fall risk.

To use the multi-state model to study the risks of developing Parkinson’s disease and death after stroke and explore their influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prognosis of stroke patients and the prevention of Parkinson’s disease.

This study was based on 345 585 participants registered in the UK Biobank database from 2006 to 2010, with follow-up until November 30, 2021. The multi-state model was used to analyze the risks of developing Parkinson’s disease and death in stroke patients.

Among the six outcome paths, the cumulative risk from stroke to death was the highest, followed by that of Parkinson’s disease and from the baseline to death. The risk probability of developing Parkinson’s disease after stroke was 2.25 times that of the baseline state, and the death probability of stroke patients was 11.36 times that of the baseline population. The results of the influencing factors in the multi-state model showed that advanced age (over 60 years old), male, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, and childhood obesity were all risk factors for the transition of the baseline population to the three states (stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and death). In the transition path from stroke to Parkinson’s disease, advanced age (over 60 years old) was a risk factor, while alcohol consumption and female gender were protective factors for stroke patients to develop Parkinson’s disease (HR=0.569, 95%CI: 0.357-0.909), (HR=0.521, 95%CI: 0.344-0.788). In the path from stroke to death, advanced age (over 50 years old), depression (HR=1.980, 95%CI: 1.656-2.369), smoking (HR=1.504,95%CI: 1.358-1.647), and a family history of stroke could increase the risk of stroke to death, while alcohol consumption was a protective factor (HR=0.872, 95%CI: 0.774-0.984). Advanced age (over 60 years old), depression (HR=1.783, 95%CI: 1.295-2.451), and smoking (HR=1.781, 95%CI: 1.397-2.295) were risk factors for the death of Parkinson’s patients, and the mortality rate of female patients was lower than that of male patients (HR=0.797, 95%CI: 0.686-0.926).

Advanced age (over 60 years old), male gender, smoking, depression, and childhood obesity are risk factors for stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and death in the baseline population; advanced age, male, smoking, depression, and a family history of stroke are risk factors for stroke patients to develop Parkinson’s disease and die. The multi-state model can be used to demonstrate the influencing factors and extent of disease transitions, revealing the patterns of disease progression.

To explore the influence of social activity on cognitive ability among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China and the mediating role of depression.

Based on the data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 7 058 rural middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 and above were selected as the research subjects. Social activity was measured by the types and frequency of social activities. Cognitive ability was evaluated by the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE), and depression was measured by the (CES-D 10) scale. Descriptive statistics and partial correlation analysis were used for data analysis, and the Process macro program was used to test the mediating effect.

The mediating effect test showed that social activity among rural middle-aged and elderly people had a direct effect on cognitive ability (β=0.066, 95%CI: 0.039-0.093), accounting for 92.96% of the total effect. Depression (β=0.005, 95%CI: 0.001-0.010), accounting for 7.04% of the total effect, played a mediating role between them.

Improving the social activity of rural middle-aged and elderly people may effectively relieve their depression and promote the protection of cognitive function. Support and promotion of social activities for rural middle-aged and elderly people should be strengthened to improve their mental health and cognitive ability.

To conduct a quantitative analysis of national-level hypertension prevention and control policies and provide suggestions for the improvement and optimization of these policies.

Hypertension prevention and control policies from 2009 to 2023 were retrieved. A three-dimensional analytical framework of policy tools, policy intensity, and four-level prevention was constructed. Content analysis was used to conduct single-dimension and cross-analysis of policies related to hypertension prevention and control.

A total of 68 policy texts were included in this study, forming 110 coding units.The proportions of environmental, supply-based, and demand-based policy tools were 56.4%, 25.5%, and 18.2%, respectively.The average score of policy intensity was 3.1 (score range: 1-6). The proportions of policy texts for zero-level prevention, primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention were 27.3%, 20.9%, 45.5%, and 6.4%, respectively. Crossanalysis showed that there were significant differences in policy intensity among different types of policy tools. The policy intensity of prevention strategies at all levels was relatively balanced. The environmental policy tools had the highest proportion among prevention strategies at all levels. There were significant differences in supply-based and demand-based policy tools among different prevention strategies.

There is a lack of internal balance in hypertension prevention and control policy tools, and the use of supply-based and demand-based tools needs to be strengthened. The overall policy intensity is relatively weak. Attention should be paid to the overall relevance of policy content. It is urgent to move forward the prevention threshold of hypertension and strengthen the synergistic effect of four-level prevention.

To compare the effects of different sample pretreatment methods on the determination of six elements [iron (Fe),copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and strontium (Sr)] in whole blood by ICP-MS, so as to optimize the pretreatment process of whole blood samples and improve the accuracy and reliability of detection.

Appropriate amounts of whole blood samples were taken. The collision mode was applied to eliminate interference, and quality control samples were used for quality control. The detection effects of sample pretreatment methods including microwave digestion, protein precipitation with 5% nitric acid followed by centrifugation, direct dilution with 0.1% HNO₃ + 0.01% Triton X-100, and dilution with 0.1% HNO₃ + 0.01% Triton X-100 followed by centrifugation were compared.

When the samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with 5% nitric acid followed by centrifugation, the detection results of iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and strontium in the centrifuged supernatant were found to be low, and the effects on iron, manganese and nickel were the most significant. In addition, when the HNO₃ concentration was 0.2% - 1% (V/V), the measured contents of iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and strontium after dilution followed by centrifugation were all lower than those by direct dilution method and microwave digestion method. When the HNO₃ concentration was 0.1% (V/V),there was no significant difference between the results of direct dilution and dilution followed by centrifugation of the six elements compared with the microwave digestion method. Finally, dilution with 0.1% HNO₃ + 0.01% Triton X-100 (V/V) followed by centrifugation was used as the pretreatment condition. The method detection limits of the six elements were between 0.10 μg/L and 0.24 mg/L, the correlation coefficients r was all greater than 0.999, and the measured values of the quality control samples were consistent with the standard reference values.

Compared with other pretreatment methods, using 0.1% HNO3 +0.01% Triton X-100 (V/V) dilution followed by centrifugation as the pretreatment condition is simple, fast and accurate, and can be applied to the determination of iron, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc and strontium in whole blood.

To explore the relationship between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and dental care-seeking behavior among the elderly in Sichuan Province, while analyzing the impact of income on this relationship.

A total of 744 elderly individuals aged 65 to 74 years from Sichuan Province were included in this study through multi-stage stratified random sampling during the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey conducted from 2015 to 2016. A questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ income levels, dental care-seeking behavior, and OHRQoL. Stratified logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between dental care-seeking behavior and OHRQoL, as well as the moderating effect of income.

Among the 744 participants, 552 (74.2%) reported engaging in dental care-seeking behavior. Lower overall (β=-0.040, P < 0.001), functional (β=-0.028,P=0.002), pain-related (β=-0.037, P < 0.001), and psychological (β=-0.029, P=0.002) dimensions of OHRQoL were associated with an increased likelihood of dental care-seeking among the elderly. Additionally, income had a positive moderating effect only on the relationship between oral health-related psychological discomfort and dental care-seeking behavior; specifically, lower income was associated with a weaker correlation between psychological discomfort related to oral health and dental care-seeking behavior (β=-0.007,P=0.039).

The utilization of oral health services among the elderly in Sichuan Province is suboptimal, with poor OHRQoL being a primary driving factor for dental care-seeking behavior. High income only facilitates dental visits when oral health issues lead to psychological discomfort. Public health efforts targeting oral health among the elderly should focus on updating their perceptions of oral health and addressing the psychological impacts associated with oral health.

To explore the relationship between the romantic status of vocational school students in Guizhou Province and their engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as well as the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation, providing a reference for the prevention of adolescent NSSI behaviors.

A questionnaire survey was conducted from October to December 2023, utilizing a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to select students from nine vocational schools in Guizhou Province. The Chinese version of the Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were used to measure NSSI behaviors and emotion regulation difficulties among vocational students. The mediating effect of difficulties in emotion regulation was examined using categorical variable mediation methods.

The prevalence of NSSI among vocational students in Guizhou Province was 27.4%. The standardized relative direct effect of experiencing a breakup on NSSI was 0.575 (95%CI: 0.104 to 0.258), and the relative mediating effect was 0.421 (95%CI: 0.062 to 0.203), with the mediating effect accounting for 26.8% of the total effect. Difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between being in a romantic relationship and NSSI, with the mediating effect constituting 47.3% of the total effect. For students who had previously been in a relationship but were now in the post-breakup phase, the standardized relative direct effect on NSSI was 0.008 (95%CI: -0.021 to 0.037), and the standardized relative mediating effect was 0.011 (95%CI: -0.001 to 0.024), both of which were not significant.

Differences in emotion regulation abilities across various romantic statuses partially explain the occurrence of individual NSSI behaviors. Enhancing adolescents’ emotion regulation skills can help them establish healthy emotional perspectives and positive interpersonal relationships, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of NSSI behaviors and positively impacting adolescent mental health within the public health domain while fostering harmonious social relationships.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2005 to 2023 and to predict the incidence trend from 2024 to 2026, thereby providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of Hepatitis B.

Data on HBV incidence were extracted from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System for descriptive analysis, and the gray prediction model was employed to forecast the incidence trends.Visualization of the data was performed using Origin 2022 software.

From 2005 to 2023, a total of 724 286 cases of HBV were reported in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with an average annual incidence rate of 172.97 per 100 000 population. Cases were reported across various prefectures and cities, with the highest cumulative incidence observed in Kashgari Prefecture (171 395 cases), Urumqi city (132 256 cases), and Aksu Prefecture (90 145 cases). Among the reported cases, males (401 266 cases) outnumbered females (323 020 cases), with the primary affected demographic being individuals aged 20-39 years. The GM (1,1) model predicted a declining incidence trend for Hepatitis B in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2024 to 2026, with projected rates of 104.809, 97.406, and 90.065 per 100 000 population, respectively.

The overall incidence level of Hepatitis B in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is relatively high; however, a downward trend in incidence is anticipated from 2024 to 2026.It is recommended to enhance the promotion of Hepatitis B vaccination, strengthen prevention and control efforts in key populations and areas, and improve public awareness of Hepatitis B to achieve the goal of eliminating its prevalence.

To understand the healthy life expectancy (HLE) of residents aged 18 and above in Nanjing under various standards and evaluate the health status of the population.

Using data from the 2023 Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission’s survey on per capita life expectancy and the health expectancy survey of Nanjing residents, we calculated disability measures based on four health standards: self-rated health, reported health, GALI (Global Activity Limitation Indicator), and EQ-5D. The Sullivan method was employed to estimate the healthy life expectancy for Nanjing under these different standards.

In 2023, the life expectancy (LE) for residents aged 18 in Nanjing was 63.05 years. The HLE under the four health standards for 18-year-old residents were 49.35 years, 42.39 years, 55.08 years, and 60.95 years, respectively.The HLE across all age groups followed the order of EQ-5D > GALI > self-rated health > reported health. Notably, HLE for males under 85 years was lower than that for females, although males exhibited a relatively higher quality of life compared to females at all age levels.

There are certain discrepancies in the results derived from the four standards; however, the observed age trends and gender patterns are consistent. The differences in results may be attributed to the dimensions of health evaluation and the methods used for calculating disability measures, necessitating further research.