To analyze the unqualified situation of blood test of voluntary blood donors in Changsha from 2018 to 2022, and to provide reference for the formulation of recruitment strategy of voluntary blood donors.

From January 2018 to December 2022, 792 508 voluntary blood donors in Changsha area (Changsha Blood Center) were selected as the subjects of this study. Blood samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) twice and nucleic acid detection (NAT) once. The unqualified blood tests in different years and populations were described.

The total unqualified rate of voluntary blood donors in Changsha from 2018 to 2022 was 1.76%, with the highest rate in 2018 (1.90%) and the lowest rate in 2022 (1.56%). The total failure rate of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) ranked first (1.00%) and second (0.62%), respectively. There were significant differences in the unqualified rate of blood test for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, anti-TP, ALT and the single reactivity rate of nucleic acid test (NAT) among different years (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in the unqualified rate of blood test for volunteer blood donors with different gender, age, education level and occupation (P<0.05).

The total unqualified rate of blood testing of voluntary blood donors in Changsha from 2018 to 2022 has significantly decreased compared with that before 2018 in the same region, and ALT and HBsAg are the main reasons for unqualified blood testing. In order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of voluntary blood donation in Changsha, it is necessary to further improve the blood testing technology, optimize the blood collection and supply process, and then improve the accuracy of the test results.

To investigate the relationship between serum cystatin C (CysC) levels and the risk of frailty.

This study used data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Through questionnaires and physical examination, 32 items of information were collected from the respondents, such as illness, ability to perform daily activities to calculate the frailty index (FI) to assess the state of frailty. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between CysC levels and frailty, while restricted cubic spline was used to analyse the non-linear relationship.

A total of 6 941 adults aged 45 years and older, with a mean age of 59.2±9.8 years, 48.1% of whom were male, were included in the study, with a total of 1 004 (14.5%) experiencing frailty. After adjusting for confounders in the multivariate logistic regression model, the risk of developing frailty in the group with the highest CysC level (T3) was 2.13 times higher than that in the group with a lower CysC (T1) (OR =2.13, 95% CI: 1.75-2.60). When CysC was used as a continuous variable, the risk of frailty increased 1.89-fold for each unit increase in CysC. Restricted cubic spline function analyses showed an approximately "J" shaped relationship between CysC levels and the risk of debility (P _non-linear<0.05), the risk of frailty increased significantly with increasing CysC levels when CysC levels were ≥1.05 mg/L.

CysC levels are closely related to frailty, and there is a nonlinear relationship between them.

To analyze the treatment outcomes and influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2022, and to improve a basis for enhancing tuberculosis prevention and control strategies.

Individual cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2022 were obtained from The Tuberculosis Information Management System. The distribution characteristics of treatment success were described using percentages (%), and the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression model were utilized to analyze the factors influencing treatment outcomes.

During the period of 2017 to 2022, the annual average registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province was 97.27/100 000 population, exhibiting a consistent downward trend (trend χ²=2 230.684, P<0.001). Meanwhile, the treatment success rate among the patients during the same time period was 92.89%, demonstrating a steady increase (trend χ²=51.800, P<0.001). Analysis results of influencing factors showed that compared with female, age group <20 years old, cadres and staff, physical examination, negative etiological results, initial treatment, no comorbidities, no other tuberculosis, and negative HIV test results, male (OR=0.736, 95% CI:0.709-0.765), ≥60 years old age group (OR=0.360, 95% CI:0.323-0.402), farmers (OR=0.591, 95% CI:0.468-0.747), medical treatment due to illness (OR=0.716, 95% CI: 0.599-0.855), retreatment (OR=0.570, 95% CI:0.540-0.602), complications (OR=0.789, 95% CI:0.752-0.827), other tuberculosis (OR=0.685, 95% CI:0.542-0.867) and positive HIV test results (OR=0.387, 95% CI:0.342-0.437) were risk factors for successful treatment(P<0.05).

Overall, the treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province are highly positive. However, it is essential to recognize that there are disparities in the distribution of treatment outcomes across various population groups. Hence, it is recommended to prioritize the treatment concerns of specific demographics, including male patients, the elderly population, individuals residing in Bijie city, patients with positive microbiological results, HIV=positive patients, individuals requiring retreatment, and those with comorbidities or concurrent tuberculosis. By focusing on these groups, targeted interventions and tailored approaches can be implemented to ensure that all individuals receive optimal treatment and care.

To explore the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the risk of lung cancer (LC) (including three subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)) using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach (MR).

The analysis was performed using summary datasets of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in European ancestry. Using 380 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNP) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus as instrumental variables (IV), the primary analysis used inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression and weighted median estimator method to investigate the causal association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and lung cancer and its subtypes. Sensitivity analyses were performed including MR-Egger regression intercept test, removing SNPs associated with potential confounding traits, excluding palindromic SNPs, and “leave one out” method.

IVW method showed that genetically predicted type 2 diabetes mellitus was not associated with the risk of lung cancer and its subtypes (LC OR: 1.003, 95% CI: 0.974-1.034; LAC OR: 0.981, 95% CI: 0.943-1.021; LSCC OR: 1.043, 95% CI: 0.995-1.093; SCLC OR: 0.988, 95% CI: 0.921-1.061, respectively). The results remained consistent by using MR-Egger method and weighted median estimator method. The robustness of results was collaborated by several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions This study dosen’t provide evidence supporting the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of overall lung cancer and its subtypes.

To develop a sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire for elderly in community and to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.

Based on cognitive behavior theory, the initial questionnaire was formed through literature review and expert consultation. We used convenience sampling method selected a total of 240 elderly people from 8 communities, including Fuhua Street community, Nanyang Road community, Mianfang Road community and Zijingshan Road community as survey objects from October to December 2022. Then, we modified the questionnaire and tested for reliability and validity.

The sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire of community elderly included 3 dimensions and 23 items. The questionnaire’s total Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.903, and the split-half reliability was 0.872, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.901 two weeks later. I-CVI of questionnaire was 0.857-1.000 and S-CVI/Ave was 0.988. Six common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 69.745%.

The sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire of community elderly is scientific and practical, and can be used as a tool for clinical workers to evaluate the sarcopenia cognitive status of community elderly and their prevention and management behavior.

To construct an evaluation index system of information literacy for public health personnel, and to provide reference for assessing the level of information literacy of public health personnel.

The indicator pool of the indicator system was constructed through the literature research method and combining with the actual work, 19 experts in related fields were invited to conduct two rounds of expert consultation by the Delphi method, so as to determine the final indicators, and the weights of indicators at all levels were determined by the hierarchical analysis method.

The positive coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were greater than 90%, and the expert authority coefficients were 0.895 and 0.922. The expert Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.152 and 0.121, respectively P<0.001, and the differences were all statistically significant. Through two rounds of expert consultation, the evaluation index of information literacy of public health personnel constructed by 4 first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicator systems and 38 third-level indicators of information awareness, information knowledge, information competence and information utilization ethics were finalized.

The index system has certain reliability and scientificity, and can provide a reference basis for measuring the information literacy level of public health personnel.

To explore the causal relationship between age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer’s disease through two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis.

Inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model were used to evaluate the relationship between age-related hearing loss and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Sensitivity analysis (pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and leave-one-out test) was used to evaluate the robustness of the results.

Statistical results showed that there was no causal association between age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer’s disease (inverse variance weighting method: OR=1.0526, 95%CI: 0.7155-1.5485; MR-Egger: OR=1.1347, 95%CI:0.2123-6.0660; weighted median method: OR=0.8908, 95%CI: 0.5281-1.5025; simple model method: OR=0.7157, 95%CI:0.2505-2.0445; weighted model method: OR=0.7470, 95%CI: 0.3153-1.7698). These results were consistent with that of Alzheimer’s disease proxy cases (inverse variance weighting method: OR=0.9560, 95%CI: 0.9008-1.0146; MR-Egger: OR=0.9887, 95%CI: 0.7729-1.2647; weighted median method: OR=0.9487, 95%CI: 0.8752-1.0283; simple model method: OR=0.9597, 95%CI: 0.8147-1.1305; Weighted model method: OR=0.9632, 95%CI: 0.8298-1.1179). Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy, indicating that the results were robust.

There is no evidence that age-related hearing loss is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of hyperhomocysteinemia among Tibetan residents in the west of Xizang Ali.

By using the method of multi-stage cluster random sampling, Tibetan residents were randomly selected from the western area of Xizang Ali for physical examination and questionnaire survey, and blood routine and biochemical indexes were collected. The prevalence and influencing factors of hyperhomocysteinemia in this area were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.

A total of 1 362 Tibetan residents in the western region of Xizang Ali were investigated. The results showed that there were 1 044 patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, with a prevalence rate of 76.7%. The prevalence rate of males (84.8%) was higher than that of females (71.5%). Smoking (OR=1.988, 95%CI:1.076-3.675), poor household (OR=1.775, 95%CI: 1.204-2.540), hyperuricemia (OR=3.416, 95%CI: 2.494-4.679), hypercholesterolemia (OR=4.051, 95%CI: 2.811-5.838), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=2.589, 95%CI: 1.765-3.798) were risk factors of hyperhomocysteinemia. Female (OR=0.538, 95%CI: 0.384-0.752) and agricultural and pastoral areas (OR=0.312, 95%CI:0.156-0.625) were protective factors.

The prevalence rate of hyperhomocysteinemia is high in the western region of Xizang Ali. Sex, residence, smoking, and poor households are the influencing factors of hyperhomocysteinemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia is significantly associated with hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and other diseases.

Based on the US National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2005 to 2021, an interpretable machine learning method was used to identify patients with depression in people over 65 years old.

The data of 2005 Mel 2018 and 2019-2020 were used as training set and test set, respectively, and three machine learning models of Lasso Logistic, random forest, and XG Boost were fitted. The best model of area under the curve (AUC) on the test set was selected and explained by interpretable machine learning model SHAP.

The AUC value of XG Boost model was the highest, which was 0.933 (0.912-0.954). Sleep problems, health problems, and eosinophil count were the top three important variables affecting senile depression. The absolute values of SHAP were 1.16, 0.83, and 0.55, respectively, which showed the main influencing factors of each individual.

Machine learning is superior to logistic regression model in predicting depression in the elderly. Interpretable machine learning can explain the model from the global and individual levels to make predictions, open the black box of machine learning models, and can be used as a supplement to machine learning models in practical application.

To explore the causal relationship between the characteristics of glycemic traits (fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance) and benign colorectal neoplasm (colorectal adenomas, benign rectal neoplasm, and benign colon neoplasm).

The instrumental variables of blood glucose characteristics were extracted from MAGIC and GLGCL alliance, and the genome-wide data of colorectal benign tumors came from Finn-Gen alliance. In this study, random effect inverse-variance weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median method (WMM) were used to analyze the causal relationship between four glycemic traits and benign colorectal neoplasm.

The results of IVW model showed that there was no causal relationship between fasting blood glucose (OR=0.999, 95%CI: 0.997-1.001), fasting insulin (OR=1.002, 95%CI: 0.998-1.006), glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=1.001, 95%CI: 0.999-1.004), insulin resistance (OR=0.999, 95%CI: 0.997-1.002), and colorectal adenoma. There was no causal relationship between fasting blood glucose (OR=0.909, 95%CI: 0.684-1.209), fasting insulin (OR=1.220, 95%CI: 0.706-2.107), glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=0.678, 95%CI:0.440-1.046), insulin resistance (OR=1.161, 95%CI: 0.810-1.663) and rectal benign tumor. There was no causal relationship between fasting blood glucose (OR=0.966, 95%CI: 0.836-1.116), fasting insulin (OR=1.318, 95%CI: 0.906-1.916), glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=1.124, 95%CI: 0.882-1.431), insulin resistance (OR=1.071, 95%CI: 0.875-1.311) and benign tumors of colon.

There is no evidence of causal relationships of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance with colorectal adenomas, benign rectal neoplasm, and benign colon neoplasm.