This study aims to analyze the independent, synergistic and interactive effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and intimate partner violence (IPV) on alkyl nitrite inhalant (Rush) use among men who have sex with men (MSM).

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2023 to 2024 across three sites in China (Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hohhot) among HIV-negative MSM who had ever had a male intimate partner. An anonymous online questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic factors, ACE, IPV, Rush use, and sexual behaviors. Locally validated instruments were used to measure ACE and IPV. Rush use was defined as use in the past six months. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated using binary logistic regression.

A total of 441 participants were included. The prevalence of Rush use in the past six months was 30.6%. The exposure rates for ACE and IPV were 68.9% and 23.6%, respectively. After adjusting for partial covariates, experiencing any ACE was positively associated with Rush use (OR=2.237, 95% CI: 1.375-3.640). For each additional category of ACE experienced, the strength of association increased by 33.9% (95% CI: 1.195-1.500). Experiencing any IPV was also positively associated with Rush use (OR=2.093, 95% CI: 1.317-3.325). The co-occurrence of ACE and IPV showed a trend toward higher Rush use risk compared with single exposure (P>0.05), but interaction analysis revealed no statistically significant interaction effect between ACE and IPV (interaction P>0.05).

The high prevalence of Rush use is a significant public health concern among MSM in China. Both ACE and IPV are significantly associated with Rush use in this population, and their co-occurrence demonstrates an additive effect trend. It is recommended to strengthen integrated screening for both ACE and IPV for early identification of substance use and related sexual transmission risks and timely intervention among MSM.

To identify the latent classes of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and explore their influencing factors among patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Xi’an.

A cluster sampling method was used to select 251 KBD patients diagnosed at stage I or above according to the “Diagnosis of Kashin-Beck Disease” (WS/T 207-2010) standard from Lintong District, Xi’an City. Surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire and the Kashin-Beck Disease Quality of Life (KBDQOL) scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify the latent classes of HRQoL, and multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors.

The HRQoL of KBD patients was categorized into three distinct latent classes: the low HRQoL type (13.15%), the medium HRQoL-limited type (39.04%), and the high HRQoL-comprehensive type (47.81%). Regression analysis revealed that age, education level, living alone, disease severity, and disease duration were significant factors influencing the latent HRQoL profiles in KBD patients (all P<0.05). Patients with advanced age, long disease duration, severe disease, or illiteracy were more likely to belong to the “low HRQoL” profile.

Significant population heterogeneity in HRQoL exists among KBD patients in Xi’an. Targeted interventions should be implemented based on the characteristics of the identified latent classes, with particular attention given to alleviating the physical and mental burden of patients in the low and medium HRQoL types, in order to effectively enhance their HRQoL.

By examining the mediating role of rumination between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety, a basis is provided for improving the mental health level of college students.

A convenience sampling method was used to select undergraduate students from Guangxi Medical University as the study subjects. A self-designed general information questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) , the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Ruminative Responses Scale-Chinese Version (RRS-CV) were used to survey 1 050 college students. The Kruskal-Wallis H test and partial correlation analysis were used to examine the relationships between ACEs, general demographic information, anxiety levels, and rumination. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the model of the relationships among ACEs, rumination, and anxiety, and the bootstrap method was used to test the mediation effect.

After controlling for gender and family annual income, all dimensions of ACEs were significantly positively correlated with anxiety and rumination (all P<0.001), and rumination fully mediated the relationships of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect with anxiety.

Rumination exerts a full mediating effect between ACEs and anxiety. Universities may reduce rumination by strengthening mental health education, thus attenuating the impact of ACEs on anxiety.

To examine the association between sunshine duration and incident frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011—2018), including 5 520 participants aged ≥45 years. City-level sunshine duration was obtained from the National Meteorological Science Data Center. Time-dependent Cox models were used to evaluate the association between sunshine duration and incident frailty, and restricted cubic spline and subgroup analyses were performed to assess nonlinearity and effect modification.

In the fully adjusted model, each 1 h/day increase in sunshine duration was associated with a 15% higher risk of incident frailty (HR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.24, P<0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear association, with risk increasing markedly when daily sunshine duration was ≥6.63 h/day. Subgroup analyses suggested significant effect modification by sex, education level, urban-rural residence, and work status.

City-level sunshine duration was associated with incident frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China, with a nonlinear pattern and higher risk mainly at higher sunshine levels.

To investigate the association between the comprehensive dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and to evaluate the mediating effect of obesity in this association.

Data were derived from the 2005—2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). CDAI was calculated via 24-hour dietary recalls. Weighted multivariable linear regression and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the association between CDAI and HOMA-IR, while mediation analysis assessed the potential role of obesity.

A total of 2 568 participants were included in this study. After fully adjusting for confounding factors, weighted multivariable linear regression analysis revealed a negative association between CDAI and HOMA-IR levels (β=-0.05, 95% CI: -0.07~-0.02, P<0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI, the highest quartile showed a reduction in HOMA-IR levels (β=-0.39, 95% CI:-0.67~-0.12, P=0.007). Mediation analysis indicated that obesity had no significant mediating effect on this association (P=0.28).

Higher CDAI levels are independently associated with lower HOMA-IR. The absence of a significant mediating effect of obesity suggests that the protective effect of CDAI may be achieved through direct biological pathways, such as reducing oxidative stress and improving insulin signaling, independent of body weight. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to verify causality.

To investigate the combined effect of PM_2.5 and temperature variability (TV) on years of life lost (YLL) among residents in Taiyuan, and to project future health risks under different climate change scenarios.

Based on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality data in Taiyuan from 2013 to 2019, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to evaluate the joint risk of PM_2.5 and TV. Segmented linear regression and a synergy index were applied to identify their synergistic interaction, and future risks were projected under the 6th Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) scenarios.

During 2013—2019, the average concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were 78.81 μg/m³ and 120.40 μg/m³, respectively, with a mean TV of 7.5 °C. GAM showed that elevated TV exacerbated PM_2.5-related health risks. A PM_2.5 concentration threshold of 21.9 μg/m³ was identified, above which its impact on YLL increased significantly. High TV (>4.4 °C) combined with high PM_2.5 (>21.9 μg/m³) exhibited a significant synergistic effect on YLL (SI=8.51, 95% CI: 2.38-30.45). Future predictions indicated that under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, PM_2.5 pollution was most severe (65.3 μg/m³), and compound high TV-high PM_2.5 events yielded the highest median daily attributable YLL (8.39 person-years/day).

TV substantially amplifies the health hazards of PM_2.5. Controlling high-emission pathways is critical to reducing the future disease burden from such compound events.

To evaluate the temporal variations in short-term mortality risks associated with ozone (O₃) exposure for circulatory and respiratory diseases in the Sichuan Basin under the Clean Air Action, and to provide evidence for regional air pollution control and public health interventions.

Mortality data for circulatory and respiratory diseases were obtained from Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and air pollution data (O₃, NO₂, and PM_2.5) were obtained from the China High Air Pollutants dataset. A two-stage analysis was applied to estimate the short-term risks of circulatory, respiratory, and combined circulatory-respiratory mortality associated with O₃ exposure during 2014—2022. In the first stage, quasi-Poisson generalized linear models were used to estimate the county-specific associations between O₃ and mortality. In the second stage, random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the estimates. Longitudinal meta-regression with a nonlinear time term was further used to assess temporal variations in risk. Two-pollutant models and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the effects of co-pollutants and population heterogeneity on these temporal variations.

Short-term mortality risks associated with O₃ exhibited significant nonlinear temporal variations across all three mortality outcomes (P<0.001), with an increase during 2014—2016, a decline during 2017—2019, and a subsequent rise after 2020. For combined circulatory-respiratory mortality, the excess risk (ER) associated with each 10 μg/m³ increase in O₃ rose from 0.86% (95% CI: 0.52%-1.20%) in 2014 to 1.51% (1.30%-1.72%) in 2016, then decreased to 0.93% (0.75%-1.11%) in 2019, and increased again to 1.58% (1.37%-1.79%) in 2022. This trend remained significant (P<0.01) in two-pollutant models, although the effects during 2016—2018 were attenuated, particularly for respiratory mortality. Subgroup analyses by sex and age showed similar temporal patterns, with overall higher risks in females and individuals aged ≥65 years.

From 2014 to 2022, short-term mortality risks associated with O₃ in the Sichuan Basin showed a pattern of increase, decline, and re-increase. The post-2020 rebound suggests that future air quality management should strengthen coordinated control of PM_2.5, NO₂, and O₃, and implement more targeted public health interventions in the context of population aging and climate change.

To investigate the effect of BRCA1 gene silencing on the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by lead acetate in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells.

A stable BRCA1-silenced TK6 cell model was established using lentivirus-mediated shRNA technology. Cells were divided into four groups: normal group (untreated control group), control group (empty vector control group), shRNA-NC group (negative control lentivirus group), and shRNA-BRCA1 group (BRCA1 knockdown group). All exposed groups were treated with 480 μmol/L lead acetate for 24 h. Silencing efficiency was confirmed by qPCR and Western blot. DNA damage was assessed by immunofluorescence staining for γ-H2AX foci. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of key proteins in the homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathways and DNA damage response (DDR) signaling molecules was detected by Western blot.

The BRCA1 silencing model was successfully constructed, with significantly lower levels of BRCA1 mRNA and protein in the shRNA-BRCA1 group compared to the control and shRNA-NC groups (P<0.05). Under lead exposure, the shRNA-BRCA1 group showed a significantly higher positive rate of γ-H2AX (26.94±2.93)%, a higher proportion of G1 phase cells (65.31±1.13)%, and a higher apoptosis rate (52.84±1.21)% compared to all other groups (P<0.05), while the proportion of S phase cells (8.59±0.45)% was further reduced. Protein analysis revealed that, compared to the control and shRNA-NC groups, the expression of the HR key protein Rad51 was decreased (0.52±0.10) in the shRNA-BRCA1 group, while the expression levels of the NHEJ pathway protein 53BP1 (9.73±0.87) and the DDR signaling molecules ATM (6.10±0.48), ATR (6.25±0.92), CHK1 (2.35±0.46), and DNA-PKcs (3.85±0.93) were significantly increased (P<0.05).

BRCA1 silencing inhibits homologous recombination repair, exacerbates lead-induced DNA double-strand breaks, arrests the G1/S phase progression, and intensifies apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the ATM/ATR-CHK1 pathway and compensatory upregulation of the NHEJ repair pathway.

Circadian rhythm syndrome (CircS) is an emerging syndrome integrating metabolic disorders, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms, which is highly prevalent among occupationally exposed populations such as those working in shifts. This study aims to construct and validate a CircS risk prediction model suitable for occupational populations, providing a quantitative tool for its early identification.

Based on three rounds of follow-up data (from 2021 to 2025) from the Southwest Occupational Population Cohort, 26 693 employees without CircS at baseline were included. The population was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3. Predictive factors were screened from 35 candidate factors (demographic, behavioral, psychological, and clinical indicators) using Lasso-Cox regression, and a nomogram was constructed. The model’s discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC), calibration, and other metrics were evaluated.

During a median follow-up period of 4 years, a total of 5 540 cases (20.76%) of new-onset CircS occurred. The final model incorporated 14 predictive factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin, white blood cell count, uric acid, fatty liver, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep quality, and well-being. The model demonstrated good predictive performance in the validation set, with an AUC of 0.771 (95% CI: 0.758-0.784) for the nomogram total score, outperforming risk prediction models based solely on demographic factors (AUC=0.590) or behavioral and psychological factors (AUC=0.602). The calibration curve showed a high degree of consistency between predicted and actual risks. After grouping the nomogram total score according to quartiles, the incidence risk in the highest risk group (Q4) was 16.00 times higher than that in the lowest risk group (Q1) (HR=16.00, 95% CI: 12.54-20.42).

This study constructed and validated a nomogram model integrating multidimensional indicators to predict the risk of CircS, demonstrating good performance and providing a scientific basis for achieving precise prevention and graded management of CircS.

To investigate the associations of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) with mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and telomere length (TL) in an arsenic-exposed population.

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 78 workers from a coke oven plant and their fellow villagers from the same village in Southern Yunnan Province,China. Questionnaire surveys and biological sample collection were performed. Concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs), MMA, and DMA in urine were determined using hydride generation-flame atomic absorption spectrometry. mtDNA-CN and TL were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with mtDNA-CN and TL as dependent variables and log-transformed iAs, MMA, and DMA as independent variables.

After adjusting for confounders in the multiple linear regression model, MMA showed a significant positive association with mtDNA-CN (, P=0.017), while DMA showed a significant negative association (, P=0.007). To address potential multicollinearity and assess model stability, the relationships of arsenic methylation indices, including the primary methylation index (PMI) and secondary methylation index (SMI), with mtDNA-CN were further analyzed. The results showed that PMI was significantly negatively associated with mtDNA-CN (, P=0.041), whereas SMI showed no significant association. Furthermore, no statistically significant associations were observed between MMA or DMA and TL(P>0.05).

A negative correlation was observed between PMI and mtDNA-CN during arsenic metabolism. This may be attributed to the combined effects of arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and potential insufficiency in mtDNA synthesis resulting from the disproportionate allocation of methyl resources due to highly active arsenic methylation.