To analyze the trend and influencing factors of stunting among infants and young children (IYC) aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou from 2017 to 2023, to provide evidence for early prevention and intervention for stunting.

Children nutrition improvement projects monitoring survey data of 4 175 IYC in Liuzhou between 2017 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Complementary feeding practices were assessed using WHO/UNICEF 2021 IYC feeding indicators. The trend of stunting prevalence was analyzed by χ² trend test, and the risk factors of stunting were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.

The prevalence of stunting in the IYC in rural Liuzhou decreased from 11.52% in 2017 to 3.85% in 2023 (χ²_trend=41.914, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mothers of Miao ethnicity (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.13-2.37), mothers of Dong ethnicity (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.24-2.44), middle school and below education (primary school or below: OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.22-3.08; middle school: OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.10-2.44), preterm birth (OR=4.27,95% CI: 2.89-6.30), term SGA (OR=3.04, 95% CI: 2.25-4.09), boys (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.51-2.55), aged 12-23 months (OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.45-2.57) , unmet minimum meal frequency (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.08-1.95) were risk factors for stunting.Mother's occupation as agriculture (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.37-0.87), father's occupation as non-agriculture (OR=0.45, 95% CI:0.30-0.68), feeding and nutrition knowledge scores (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.70-0.86) were protective factors.

The prevalence of stunting among IYC aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou showed a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2023,but was higher than the national average level. Attention needs to be paid to preterm births, term SGA, mothers from ethnic minorities or with low educational level, and complementary feeding practices for IYC, in order to reduce the incidence of stunting.

To understand the concentration characteristics of fluoride in drinking water and the health risk of population exposure in Huanggang City, analyze the epidemic status of dental fluorosis in Huanggang City, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.

Drinking water samples were collected from water quality monitoring sites in 10 counties of Huanggang City from 2020 to 2024, and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years was randomly sampled from 24 villages in the drinking-water fluorosis area of Huanggang City. Excel 2016 and SPSS 20.0 were used to analyze the data. The health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was used for population health risk assessment.

A total of 3 850 drinking water samples were monitored in Huanggang City from 2020 to 2024. The median fluoride concentration was 0.19 mg/L, and the concentration range was 0.03-0.86 mg/L. There were significant differences in fluoride concentration among different years, water periods, disinfection methods and regions (χ²=60.695, Z=-8.908, χ²= 19.585, χ²=3 754.425; all P<0.001). Water fluorine was strongly correlated with pH, total dissolved solids and chloride (r=0.619, 0.520, 0.516, respectively; all P<0.001). The median and maximum hazard quotient (HQ) values for non-carcinogenic health risk from fluoride exposure through drinking water intake were less than 1, and the difference of non-carcinogenic health risk values among different regions was statistically significant (H=77.626, P=0.027). A total of 5 667 children from infected villages in Huanggang City were monitored from 2020 to 2024. The average annual detection rate of dental fluorosis was 0.49%, and the detection rate in five years ranged from 0.11%to 0.74%, with statistically significant differences among different regions (χ²=123.584, P<0.001).

From 2020 to 2024, the qualified rate of fluoride content in drinking water in Huanggang City was 100%, and the detection rate of dental fluorosis was less than 30%, which met the national standard of elimination of endemic fluorosis, but there are obvious differences between regions. Relevant departments need to focus on the health risk of fluoride exposure and the epidemic trend of dental fluorosis in Hong’an and Wuxue areas. We will take targeted measures to prevent and control endemic fluorosis.

To analyze the factors influencing of physical activity in frail older adults in nursing homes and their pathways based on the health ecology model.

A cluster combined with convenience sampling was used to select eligible elderly from 8 private nursing homes in Shanxi Province from July 2024 to January 2025. The general information questionnaires, International Physical Activity Questionnair-Short Form, Exercise Self-efficacy Scale, Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale, Social Support Rating Scale and scale of the Elderly Self-neglect were used for the investigation, and a structural equation modeling was constructed.

Among the 352 study participants, 50.9% had low levels of physical activity. Elderly Self-neglect was negatively correlated with physical activity (r=-0.350, P<0.01), Exercise Self-efficacy,Exercise Benefits and Barriers, and Social Support were positively correlated with physical activity (r=0.512，0.236，0.625,respectively; P<0.01). Elderly Self-neglec had only a direct effect on physical activity (β=-0.182, P<0.001), whereas Exercise Self-efficacy, Exercise Benefits and Barriers in exercise, and Social Support had both direct and indirect effects on physical activity (direct effects β=0.254, 0.103, 0.493; indirect effects β=0.033, 0.086, 0.113, respectively; all P<0.001).

The prevalence of low physical activity among frail older adults in nursing homes is high. Particular attention should be given to the physical activity of frail older adults who are elderly, have a low level of education, and suffer from depression. Nursing staff can take comprehensive measures to enhance their exercise self-efficacy, strengthen their awareness of benefits of exercise, and provide adequate social support to reduce self-neglect, so as to promote their physical activity level and improve their health status.

To examine the utilization and influencing factors of rehabilitation services among certified persons with disabilities in China, providing a basis for meeting the rehabilitation service needs of disabled individuals and enhancing service utilization.

Using data from the 2023 national survey on the subjective perceptions and evaluations of the status of persons with disabilities and the national database on persons with disabilities, a descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess factors associated with rehabilitation service use among certified persons with disabilities.

Among 8 667 certified persons with disabilities, 2 244 individuals used rehabilitation services in the past year, with a utilization rate of 25.89%. Among those who used rehabilitation services, 89% used one type of service, while only 11% used two or more types. Multivariate regression analysis showed that middle and higher income levels (OR=1.318,95% CI: 1.158-1.502; OR=1.625, 95% CI: 1.423-1.856), receipt of disability subsidies (OR=1.515, 95% CI: 1.329-1.726),and health insurance (OR=1.395, 95% CI: 0.972-2.003) were significant factors promoting the use of rehabilitation services.Individuals with mental disabilities (OR=3.034, 95% CI: 2.357-3.904) and physical disabilities (OR=1.202, 95% CI: 0.975-1.483) were more likely to use rehabilitation services. Regarding community support, the presence of rehabilitation service stations (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.026-1.343), day care centers (OR=1.439, 95% CI: 1.242-1.668), suitable cultural and sports facilities for persons with disabilities (OR=1.323, 95% CI: 1.170-1.496), and accessibility features in public service locations (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.036-1.329) positively influenced rehabilitation service utilization.

The utilization of rehabilitation services among persons with disabilities is closely associated with socioeconomic status, type of disability, and supportive community environments.

To develop a quality assessment scale for children's musculoskeletal disorders health short videos and evaluate its reliability and validity.

The initial scale was developed through literature review, semi-structured interviews, and Delphi expert consultation. A total of 240 health short videos on children's musculoskeletal disorders were selected from Douyin as research subjects and evaluated by two raters. The 480 datasets were randomly divided into two groups for item analysis and reliability/validity testing.

The scale consisted of 22 items across five dimensions (presentation literacy, creator authority, information comprehensibility, video production quality, and audience feedback). The item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index were both 1.00. The scale demonstrated a Cronbach's α of 0.812,inter-rater reliability of 0.872, and test-retest reliability of 0.914. All items had factor loadings above 0.400, and the cumulative variance explanation rate of the five dimensions was 67.464%. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit.

The quality assessment scale for children's musculoskeletal disorders health short videos exhibits good reliability and validity, effectively evaluating the quality of relevant short videos.

This study aims to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and frailty using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods and assess the potential mediating or masking effects of immune cells in this relationship.

Genome-wide association study data for 473 gut microbiota taxa, 731 immune cell characteristics, and frailty were extracted from the GWAS Catalog. A two-sample MR approach was employed to evaluate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and frailty. To identify the mediating or masking effects of immune cells, a two-step MR strategy was applied, and reverse MR analysis was conducted to validate the unidirectional nature of the causal mediation pathway (gut microbiota →immune cells → frailty).

The study found that 4 gut microbiota taxa and 17 immune cell characteristics had causal associations with frailty. Mediation analysis revealed two causal mediation pathways: phylum Firmicutes A → CD28+ CD45RA+ CD8br AC → frailty, and species Lachnospira rogosae → CD62L-CD86 + myeloid DC %DC → frailty. Immune cell characteristics acted as masking effects in both pathways, and reverse MR analysis supported the unidirectional nature of these causal relationships.

The causal associations and mediation effects identified in this study provide a theoretical basis and direction for the development of frailty management strategies based on gut microbiota and immune cells.

This study aimed to investigate the trend of abdominal obesity in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2018 and assess the impact of age, period, and cohort effects on its prevalence during this period.

Based on data from the Guangzhou Community Health Survey conducted every five years, residents were classified into abdominal obesity and normal body type groups according to their waist-to-hip ratio. Time trend analysis and age-period-cohort (APC) models were applied to investigate changes in abdominal obesity and its influencing factors among residents aged 15 to 79 years in Guangzhou.

The annual change rate of central obesity from 2008 to 2013 was 2.41% (1.86%-2.95%), whereas from 2013 to 2018, it decreased to -0.67% (-1.21%~-0.12%), indicating an initial increase followed by a subsequent decline. However, no significant decreasing trend was observed among the elderly population. The APC model identified advanced age as a significant factor for abdominal obesity in both men and women. Between 2008 and 2013, the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased by 15%, with women experiencing a greater rise than men, before declining to slightly below the 2008 level by 2018.Cohort effects revealed that individuals born around the time of China's economic reform had a higher risk of abdominal obesity.

Although the prevalence of abdominal obesity in Guangzhou shows a declining trend, it remains at a high level. There is a need for targeted interventions focusing on the elderly and individuals born around the 1970s, who underwent rapid nutritional transitions during that period.

To investigate the veterinary drug residue status of commercially available freshwater fish in Henan Province from 2021 to 2024 and evaluate the dietary exposure risk.

A total of 186 samples of freshwater fish were randomly collected from 2021 to 2024, and six quinolone antibiotics, two anesthetics and two sedative-hypnotics were detected according to the standard procedures in the “National Food Contamination and Hazardous Factors Risk Monitoring Operation Manual”. General descriptive analysis and χ² tests were performed using Excel and SAS software. The probability distribution of drug exposure was calculated using Monte Carlo combined with the consumption of freshwater fish in Henan Province, and the health risk was evaluated using the hazard quotient (HQ).

A total of 152 out of 186 freshwater fish samples were detected with veterinary drug residues, with a detection rate of 81.72%; 39 samples were unqualified, with an unqualified rate of 20.96%. The veterinary drug detection rates in descending order were: enrofloxacin, eugenol > diazepam > ofloxacin, oxazepam (χ²=309.867, P < 0.001), and the unqualified rate of diazepam was the highest (χ²=61.822, P < 0.001). There were significantly statistical differences in the detection rates and unqualified rates in different years (χ²=24.962; χ²=19.731, all P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rates and unqualified rates of veterinary drugs in freshwater fish between farmers’ markets and stores (χ²=0.806, P=0.369; χ²=2.788, P=0.095). The P₉₅ exposure amount of enrofloxacin in freshwater fish consumed by adults in Henan Province was 0.11 μg/(kg·BW), accounting for 1.77% of the ADI. The P₉₅ exposure of eugenol was 4.02 μg/(kg·BW), accounting for 0.16% of the ADI.

Veterinary drug residues were present in freshwater fish sold in Henan Province, but the overall exposure risk was low, with all HQ less than 1.

To establish gestational age-specific weight gain trajectories associated with birth outcomes—small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA)—among females with different pre-pregnancy body mass index (preBMI) categories in Guangxi, China, and to compare these trajectories with the current national guidelines. The goal is to provide evidence for developing region-specific recommendations on gestational weight gain (GWG).

This study included 5 562 singleton pregnant females who delivered at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between 2019 and 2021 and had complete clinical records. Gestational weight gain percentile curves were constructed for each birth weight category based on different preBMI strata and were compared with national guideline ranges. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between preBMI-specific GWG at different gestational stages and neonatal birth weight outcomes.

For AGA outcomes, the recommended total GWG ranges were 12.81-16.50 kg for underweight females, 11.87-16.17 kg for normal-weight females, 10.46-15.41 kg for overweight females, and 7.51-13.29 kg for obese females. These ranges were all slightly higher than those suggested by the national guidelines,indicating potential regional differences in gestational weight gain. Total GWG was negatively associated with the risk of SGA and positively associated with the risk of LGA, with the impact on SGA gradually diminishing as preBMI increased. For SGA,weight gain during the first and second trimesters was negatively associated with the risk of SGA in females with underweight and normal pre-pregnancy BMI, while a similar trend was observed in overweight females during the second trimester. For LGA,weight gain in the first and second trimesters was positively associated with the risk of LGA in underweight and overweight females. In normal-weight females, a similar association was observed across all trimesters, whereas in obese females, positive associations were found in the first and third trimesters.

Gestational weight gain demonstrates significant regional characteristics. Developing region-specific and preBMI-based gestational age-specific GWG guidelines may be crucial for effectively reducing the incidence of both SGA and LGA.