To explore the relationship between social support, hypoglycemic fear (FoH) and quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to test its mediating effect.

By using the method of convenience sampling, elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who visited Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were selected as the research subjects. The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Chinese version of the Hypoglycemia Fear Questionnaire-Worry Scale (CHFSⅡ-WS), the Diabetes Specific Quality of Life Scale (DSQL), and a general questionnaire were used to investigate elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A structural equation model was established for the SSRS, CHFSⅡ-WS, and DSQL scores of elderly T2DM patients, and the mediating effect was tested through Bootstrap post hoc tests.

The effective sample size of this study was 115 cases. The total score of SSRS for elderly patients with T2DM was (38.71±6.25) points, and the score of CHFSⅡ-WS was (26.44±4.28) points; the total score of DSQL was (52.33±13.56) points (Higher DSQL scores mean worse quality of life). The results of the mediating effect test showed that FoH had a direct negative predictive effect on social support in elderly patients with T2DM (β=-0.696, P<0.001), social support had a direct negative predictive effect on quality of life (β=-0.532, P<0.001), indicating that higher levels of social support were associated with better quality of life and lower DSQL scores, and FoH had a direct positive predictive effect on quality of life (β=0.381, P<0.001); The mediating effect value was β=0.370, and the total effect value was β=0.751. The proportion of the mediating effect of social support was 49.27%, and the mediating effect was established.

There is a close correlation among social support, FoH and quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Social support has a partial mediating effect between FoH and quality of life, and the proportion of the mediating effect is 49.27%.

To explore the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in adult males.

This study utilized data from the Guizhou Natural Population Cohort Study. The cohort was established between November 2010 and December 2012, and a follow-up survey was conducted on the baseline participants from April 2016 to October 2020. Participants were divided based on their baseline alcohol consumption including daily alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, and type of alcohol consumed. Cox proportional hazards regression model were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for evaluating the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of DM. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to characterize the dose-response relationship between daily alcohol consumption and the incidence of DM. Additionally,subgroup analysis was conducted for different baseline variables.

A total of 3 232 participants were enrolled in this study, and 346 cases of DM were identified during a median follow-up period of 6.64 years. The incidence rate of DM in this study population was 15.03/1 000 person-years. Compared with non-drinking participant, those with moderate alcohol consumption(aHR=1.40, 95%CI=1.04-1.89), heavy alcohol consumption(aHR=1.47, 95%CI=1.09-2.00), drinking 1-7 times per week(aHR=1.33,95%CI=1.01-1.73), drinking >7 times per week(aHR=1.57, 95%CI=1.12-2.19), consuming high degree liquor (aHR=1.58, 95%CI=1.15-2.17) had a higher risk of incident DM. A linear relationship was observed between daily alcohol consumption and the risk of DM, with an increased risk of DM found at all levels of alcohol consumption exceeding 22.13g/d. Subgroup analysis revealed that heavy alcohol consumption, drinking >7 times per week, consumption of high degree liquor in individuals aged <45 years, smoking, BMI ≥24 kg/m², and low physical activity were significantly associated with the risk of DM.

Alcohol consumption is closely associated with the incidence of DM. Hence, reducing alcohol consumption can be used as a measure for DM prevention.

To investigate the current situation of health self-help behavior of the elderly in communities in Hunan, Qinghai and Zhejiang provinces and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for taking targeted measures to improve the level of health self-help behavior of the elderly in communities.

Adopting the convenience sampling method, this study selected 628 community elderly individuals from 7 communities in Hunan, Zhejiang and Qinghai Provinces as research subjects. Questionnaires were administered mainly using the scales of healthy self-help behavior, intergenerational support for children, fear of technology, and daily age discrimination. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of healthy self-help behavior.

The total score of the healthy self-help behavior scale for the community elderly was 96.98±19.67. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that living with a spouse (P<0.001; β=0.257), living with a spouse and children (P=0.001; β=0.147), being in the first marriage (P=0.021;β=0.123), monthly per capita income (P<0.001;β=0.220), and intergenerational support for children (P<0.001;β=0.260) were protective factors; having all male children (P<0.001;β=-0.155), fear of technology (P<0.001;β=-0.306), and daily age discrimination (P=0.027;β=-0.100) were risk factors.

The self-help health behavior ability of the elderly in this community is at a relatively high level. Particular attention should be paid to the elderly who do not live with their spouses, are not in a marital status, have all children of male gender, or have a lower monthly per capita income. Their health self-help behavior ability can be improved by helping them effectively reduce technological fear and daily age discrimination, as well as by enhancing intergenerational support from their children.

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of sarcopenic obesity (SO) among community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above, to analyze the associations between physical activity and other influencing factors with SO, and to explore their predictive effects, providing evidence for the prevention and management of sarcopenic obesity.

Community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, were recruited using cluster random sampling and convenience sampling. Physical activity data were collected through questionnaires and body composition assessments, and physical activity levels were categorized accordingly. Based on the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), participants were classified into an SO group and a non-SO sarcopenia group.Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were conducted to examine the association between physical activity and SO.

A total of 7 862 participants were included, comprising 941 individuals with SO (11.97%) and 1 339 with non-SO sarcopenia (17.03%). The SO group had the lowest weekly physical activity level (3 360.00 ［1 680.00, 5 880.00］ MET-min/week), with the highest proportion of low physical activity (91.4%) and the lowest proportion of high physical activity (2.1%). Subgroup analysis by sex revealed that moderate physical activity was a protective factor against SO in women (OR=0.58, 95%CI=0.35-0.96).

Physical activity may be associated with sarcopenic obesity. Increasing physical activity levels could reduce the risk of SO and play an important role in its prevention.

To analyse the rifampicin and isoniazid resistance patterns and mutation sites in 793 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, collected between September 2018 and August 2025, so as to provide scientific basis for local tuberculosis prevention and control.

DNA microarray gene chips were used to perform rapid molecular detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance genes in collected M. tuberculosis isolates. The drug resistance and mutation of resistance genes in the region were analyzed, and chi square analysis was used to compare the drug resistance of different genders, ages, and agricultural landscape areas.

The overall resistance rate of 793 cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin and isoniazid was 18.16%, with a rifampicin resistance rate of 12.99%, isoniazid resistance rate of 10.7%, and multidrug resistance rate of 5.55%. According to statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in drug resistance rates between patients of different genders. The overall drug resistance rate (21.67%), isoniazid resistance rate (14.28%), and multidrug resistance rate (6.90%) were highest in patients aged 0-<20, and the rifampicin resistance rate (14.56%) was highest in the 40-<60 age group. Differences in overall resistance, rifampicin resistance, isoniazid resistance and multidrug resistance between age groups were not statistically significant. Drug resistance rates were higher in semi-agricultural/semi-pastoral areas than in purely agricultural or pastoral areas. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between overall drug resistance and rifampicin resistance. A statistically significant difference was found between isoniazid resistance and multidrug resistance(χ²=9.089，13.680，P<0.05). The predominant rifampicin resistance mutation site was rpoB531(C->T) (33.01%), followed by 516(G->T) (25.24%) and 511(T->C) (18.45%). Isoniazid resistance was predominantly mediated by katG gene mutations (92.94%), comprising katG315(G->C) (84.71%) and katG315(G->A) (8.24%), while inhA gene mutations accounted for 8.24%. Multidrug resistance was predominantly mediated by rpoB(516(G->T) katG(315(G->C) mutations, accounting for 52.27%.

Rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in tuberculosis cases from Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is severe. Resistance is more pronounced in the 0-<20 age group compared to other age cohorts, and is more prevalent in semi-agricultural/semi-pastoral areas than in purely agricultural or pastoral regions. Resistance mutations predominantly involve high-level resistance sites for both rifampicin and isoniazid. The region requires enhanced tuberculosis drug resistance testing and detection, strengthened standardised treatment and management of patients, and reduced generation and transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis, and pay special attention to tuberculosis drug resistance prevention and control among low-age groups and people living in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas.

To characterize the functional epitope distribution of the Artemisia vulgaris allergen Art v 4 and to investigate its potential cross-reactive epitopes with the peach allergen Pru p 4.

Immunoinformatics approaches were used to predict B-cell and T-cell epitopes of Art v 4, followed by spatial localization analysis based on its three-dimensional structure. Potential shared cross-reactive epitopes between Art v 4 and Pru p 4 were screened by sequence alignment. Candidate peptides were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on the binding of patients’ serum IgE to the natural allergen were evaluated by inhibitory Dot-Blot assay.

Multiple potential linear B-cell epitopes were identified in Art v 4, among which the 13-20 aa and 108-116 aa regions showed high overlap across different prediction algorithms. Among the predicted dominant CD4^＋ T-cell epitopes, the 101-115 aa region showed a high tendency for MHC II binding. Art v 4 and Pru p 4 exhibited high sequence homology in multiple regions, and some dominant T-cell epitopes were highly conserved. The 31-45 aa and 101-115 aa peptides significantly inhibited the binding of patients’ serum IgE to the natural allergen.

Art v 4 contains multiple candidate epitopes, and the regions 31-45 aa and 101-115 aa may represent cross-reactive epitope regions worthy of further investigation.

To analyze the current status and influencing factors of patient delay and diagnosis delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 60 and above in Gansu Province, and to provide a reference for developing targeted tuberculosis prevention and control strategies for the elderly.

Based on pulmonary tuberculosis case data in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022, descriptive statistical analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the current status and influencing factors of patient delay and diagnosis delay among elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Among 9 934 pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years, 7 143 cases (71.90%) experienced patient delay, and 1 073 cases (10.80%) experienced diagnosis delay. Among patients with delay, 3 278 cases (45.89%) had a patient delay time ≥7 weeks, and 315 cases (29.36%) had a diagnosis delay time ≥7 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that Tibetan ethnic group, Hui ethnic group, retreatment, and bacteriologically positive status were protective factors for patient delay, while Dongxiang ethnic group, manual laborers, retirees/other occupations, initial diagnosis at the municipal level, and presence of symptoms were risk factors for patient delay. Age ≥70 years, manual laborers, retirees/other occupations, and current diagnosis at the municipal level were protective factors for diagnosis delay, while Hui ethnic group and retreatment were risk factors for diagnosis delay.

The current situation of patient delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years in Gansu Province is particularly severe. It is recommended to establish regionally tailored and differentiated prevention and control strategies, while promoting the decentralization of medical services to enable patients to access care closer to their places of residence, thereby reducing patient delay and diagnosis delay.

To analyze the temporal trends of the burden of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021.

This study utilized the publicly available database of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). The temporal trends of the burden of MSDs attributable to high BMI in China and globally were evaluated by calculating the annual estimated percentage change and joinpoint analysis. The Das Gupta decomposition method was used to quantify the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes to the increase in disease burden.

In 2021, the years lived with disability(YLDs)due to MSDs attributable to high BMI in China was 239 person-years, an increase of 353.92% compared to 1990, significantly higher than the global increase of 184.03% during the same period. The burden of MSDs attributable to high BMI in both China and globally showed an upward trend. The estimated average percentage change (EAPC) in China was 2.69%, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was 2.35%. The EAPC globally was 1.18%, and the AAPC was 1.11%. Compared with the global trend, the burden of MSDs attributable to high BMI in China increased at a faster rate and showed a phased fluctuating growth trend. The disease burden of MSDs was higher in females than in males in both China and globally. Decomposition analysis indicated that population aging and population growth were the main reasons for the increase in the prevalence of MSDs in the population.

The burden of MSDs attributable to high BMI in China increased at a faster rate than globally from 1990 to 2021. It is recommended that health departments focus on middle-aged and elderly women, and through strengthening weight management and early intervention, slow down the upward trend of the burden of MSDs.

To investigate the association between baseline atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and incident metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) risk in non-obese individuals.

This cohort study enrolled 62 868 participants who underwent health examinations in 2006—2007. Participants were stratified into quartiles(Q1-Q4)based on AIP values. Multivariable Cox regression calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs for MAFLD risk across quartiles.

During a mean follow-up of 14.34±5.03 years, there were 25 848 cases of new MAFLD. There were 4 892, 5 758, 6 736 and 8 462 cases in group Q1-Q4, respectively, and the incidence density was 25.23/1 000, 31.15/1 000, 38.77/1 000 and 55.04/1 000 years, respectively. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, compared with Q1, the HR(95%CI)for new-onset MAFLD in Q2-Q4 was 1.16(1.12-1.21), 1.37(1.32-1.43)and 1.80(1.73-1.87) (all P values<0.001).

Elevated baseline AIP is an independent risk factor for incident MAFLD in non-obese individuals.

To investigate the current status and influencing factors of avoidable hospitalization among diabetic patients in Xinjiang.

Using survey data from sample institutions in the Xinjiang Health Expenditure Accounting and Monitoring Agency database for 2021-2023, alongside macro-level statistical data, we constructed multilevel logistic regression model to analyze the relationship between avoidable hospital admissions and individual characteristics and healthcare resources.

There were 45 667 patients who experienced avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes. Regression results showed that male patients, those located in Southern Xinjiang and Northern Xinjiang, those receiving care at city-level hospitals, and diabetic patients in areas with a low average number of hospital beds per 10 000 people or low-to-medium average number of health institutions per 10 000 people were more likely to experience avoidable hospitalizations.

Avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes in Xinjiang are influenced by multiple factors. Future policy development should focus on guiding patients to make appropriate choices regarding the level of healthcare facilities, improving the balanced distribution of medical resources across regions, and optimizing resource allocation to reduce the incidence of avoidable hospitalizations.