To investigate the concentration and genetic variations of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage in Guiyang city from February to December 2023.

A total of 1 034 sewage samples were analyzed for ORF1ab and N gene concentrations using quantitative PCR, and full viral genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina sequencing platform.

Among the 1 034 samples collected, 587 were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The median concentration of the ORF1ab gene was 3.69 copies/ml, and the median concentration of the N gene was 7.57 copies/ml. There was a correlation between the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage and the number of reported cases from medical institutions. Full genome sequencing was conducted on five SARS-CoV-2 positive samples with CT values <32, achieving an average coverage ranging from 63.91% to 97.28%. All viral types identified were Omicron sub lineages, with a total of 110 mutation sites identified. The S protein exhibited 22 amino acid changes, including the critical mutation E484A.

The detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in urban sewage in Guiyang city is relatively high, and the viral concentration correlates well with clinical cases. The application of whole genome sequencing technology allows for the detection of genetic variants in the viral material present in sewage and identifies multiple mutation sites. Monitoring viruses in urban sewage effectively captures the spatiotemporal trends of the disease, serving as an important complement to clinical testing and providing a reference for local governments to implement precise epidemic prevention policies.

To explore the relationship between depression and angina pectoris, as well as the mortality risk associated with their comorbidity, providing references for the treatment and prognostic management of angina pectoris patients.

Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2009 to 2018, data from 11 232 individuals aged 40 and older were analyzed using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to investigate the relationship between depression and angina pectoris. Survival curves (Kaplan-Meier) and Cox regression models were employed to examine the differences in mortality risk among four groups.

Logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant risks of angina pectoris across various depression groups (mild depression group OR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.48-2.20; moderate depression group OR=3.40, 95%CI: 2.62-4.42; severe depression group OR=5.16, 95%CI: 3.94-6.77), indicating that higher levels of depression correlate with greater risk of angina pectoris (W=151.93, P<0.001), suggesting that depression was a risk factor for angina pectoris. In the overall population, the dose-response relationship between the two exhibited a gradually decreasing slope, indicating an increasing trend in angina pectoris risk with worsening depression. The Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models demonstrated that the mortality risk in the comorbid depression and angina pectoris group was higher than that in the depression-only and angina pectoris-only groups, even after adjusting for all potential confounding factors (HR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.77-3.12).

There is a significant correlation between depression and angina pectoris, with the mortality risk in the comorbid depression and angina pectoris group being higher than in either the depression-only or angina pectoris-only groups. Future treatment of angina pectoris should also emphasize the assessment, prevention, and treatment of depression to improve long-term patient outcomes.

To systematically evaluate the prevalence of oral frailty among community-dwelling elderly individuals, providing evidence-based support for improving oral health and enhancing the quality of life in this population.

A systematic search was conducted across nine databases, including CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wan Fang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library, from the establishment of the database until June 13, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted relevant information, with data analysis performed using Stata 17.0.

A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 32 655 elderly participants. The prevalence of oral frailty (OF) in the community-dwelling elderly was 31.0% (95%CI: 22.6%-39.4%), while the prevalence of pre-oral frailty (pre-OF) was 55.0% (95%CI: 50.9%-59.0%). Subgroup analyses based on assessment tools, age, region, depression status, and living situation revealed the following: the prevalence using the Oral Frailty Index-5 (OFI-5) was 38.2% (95%CI: 35.6%-40.7%), the Oral Frailty Index-6 (OFI-6) was 18.5% (95%CI: 13.3%-23.7%), and the Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) was 47.2% (95%CI: 37.0%-57.4%); among elderly individuals living alone, the prevalence of OF was 22.1% (95%CI: 17.6%-26.6%) compared to 15.1%(95%CI: 12.4%-17.7%) for those not living alone; the prevalence of OF among depressed elderly individuals was 25.5%(95%CI: 6.6%-34.4%) versus 12.5% (95%CI: 8.1%-16.8%) for non-depressed individuals; the prevalence in Japan was 62.5% (95%CI: 61.1%-63.4%) compared to 44.3% (95%CI: 33.3%-55.4%) in China; and for the age group 60-69 years, the prevalence was 39.2% (95%CI: 35.1%-43.2%), while for those over 70 years, it was 54.6% (95%CI: 37.5%-71.1%).

The prevalence of OF among community-dwelling elderly individuals is notably high. Factors such as the assessment tool used (OFI-8), geographical location (Japan), age over 70, depression, living alone, and lower income are associated with a higher prevalence of OF. This indicates that healthcare professionals should prioritize oral health in the community elderly population, conduct early screenings, and implement relevant intervention measures to enhance the health status of elderly individuals in the community.

To investigate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) can modulate the relationship between obesity phenotypes and stroke risk in middle-aged and elderly individuals through a cohort study.

Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), participants from the baseline survey in 2011 and follow-ups in 2013, 2015, and 2018 were selected. Based on the participants’ weight status (overweight/obese) and metabolic abnormalities, they were categorized into four obesity phenotypes: Metabolically Healthy Normal Weight (MHNO), Metabolically Healthy Overweight/Obese (MHO), Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight (MANO), and Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight/Obese(MAO). Additionally, participants were grouped into three categories based on CRP quartiles. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between obesity phenotypes, CRP, and stroke, incorporating interaction terms between obesity phenotypes and CRP in the regression model. Finally, stratified analyses were conducted to explore whether CRP modulates the relationship between obesity phenotypes and stroke.

Totally 6 868 participants were included in this study, with 421 (6.13%) experiencing a stroke during the 7-year follow-up period. The Cox proportional hazards regression model indicated that, compared to the MHNO group, the risk of stroke increased by 66%, 85%, and 151% for the MHO, MANO, and MAO groups, respectively, with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 1.66 (1.15-2.38), 1.85 (1.39-2.46), and 2.51 (1.92-3.29), respectively. Furthermore, stratified analysis revealed that in the CRP T1 group, the MHO and MANO groups did not show an increased risk of stroke compared to the MHNO group (P > 0.05). In the CRP T2 group, the risk of stroke for the MHO and MANO groups increased by 111% and 127%, with HR and 95%CI of 2.11 (1.11-4.02) and 2.27 (1.29-3.98), respectively. Similarly, in the CRP T3 group, the risks for the MHO and MANO groups increased by 93% and 89%, with HR and 95%CI of 1.93 (1.06-3.50) and 1.89 (1.17-3.05), respectively.

CRP can modulate the relationship between obesity phenotypes and stroke in middle-aged and elderly individuals.

To explore the longitudinal correlation between cognitive function (CF) and activities of daily living (ADL) of the rural elderly in Guizhou province, and to provide theoretical basis for preventing and controlling health problems of the elderly.

The multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select the elderly aged 60 years and above from 12 villages in 2 counties(districts) of Guizhou Province as the research objects. In this study, 792 elderly people who participated in two surveys in 2019 (T₁) and 2022 (T₂) and were ≥60 years old at baseline with complete variable values were selected as survey subjects. The cross-lagged model was used to investigate the longitudinal relationship between cognitive function and ADL.

The cross-lagged model showed that T₁ ADL could predict T₂ cognitive function after controlling T₁ cognitive function (β= -0.120, P<0.001). After controlling for T₁ ADL, T₁ cognitive function predicted T₂ ADL (β= -0.099, P=0.005). In the study of the association between two dimensions of ADL and cognitive function, it was found that T₁ IADL could predict T₂ cognitive function after controlling for T₁ cognitive function (β= -0.138, P<0.001). Similarly, after controlling T₁ IADL, T₁ cognitive function could predict T₂ IADL (β= -0.124, P<0.001). But there was no predictive effect between BADL and cognitive function.

There is a longitudinal bidirectional correlation between cognitive function and activities of daily living of the rural elderly in Guizhou, only between IADL and cognitive function, suggesting that strengthening the monitoring and intervention of cognitive function of the elderly can help reducing the risk of the decline of IADL in the elderly, and strengthening the training of IADL plays an important role in delaying cognitive decline.

To analyze the burden of diabetes attributable to different risk categories and the trend of diabetes in China from 1990 to 2021, providing references for scientific prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Based on the global burden of disease data in 2021, we used Joinpoint regression to analyze the trends of diabetes deaths, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) attributable to metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risks in China.

In 2021, the number of diabetes deaths attributable to metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risks in China increased to 178 400, 73 000, 45 900, and the ASMR decreased by 8.65%, 2.41%, and 8.37%, compared to 1990. The number of diabetes DALYs attributable to different risk categories were metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risks in descending order, and the rate of DALYs and ASDR showed an increasing trend.

The task of reducing the burden of diabetes disease in China remains daunting, and to intensify behavioral risks interventions for men and young people with diabetes.

To analyze whether there is a potential causal association between inflammatory cytokines and various tendinopathies, including Achilles tendonitis, bicipital tendinitis, calcific tendinitis of the shoulder, gluteal tendinitis, and patellar tendinitis.

In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms from the data of a large-scale genome-wide association study were selected as instrumental variables, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization as well as multivariate Mendelian randomization, were used to investigate the causal effects of inflammatory cytokines and the risk of developing Achilles tendonitis, Bicipital tendinitis, Calcific tendinitis of shoulder, Gluteal tendinitis and Patellar tendinitis.

In forward Mendelian analyses, monocyte chemotactic protein-3（OR=0.896,95% CI:0.806-0.995） and vascular endothelial growth factor（OR=0.917,95% CI:0.845-0.995） were potential protective factors for Achilles tendonitis, and monokine induced by interferon-γ（OR=1.158,95% CI:1.029-1.302） was a potential risk factor for Achilles tendonitis. Monocyte chemotactic protein-3（OR=1.214,95% CI:1.034-1.426）was a potential risk factor for Bicipital tendinitis, while hepatocyte growth factor （OR=0.661,95% CI:0.489-0.893） as a potential protective factor for Bicipital tendinitis. Hepatocyte growth factor （OR=0.730,95% CI:0.557-0.957）was a potential protective factor for Calcific tendinitis of shoulder. Interleukin-13 （OR=0.828,95% CI:0.714-0.960） was a potential protective factor for Gluteal tendinitis. Interleukin-8 （OR=0.649,95% CI:0.444-0.949） as a Patellar tendinitis potential protective factor and tumor necrosis factor-α （OR=1.707,95% CI:1.085-2.685）was a potential risk factor for Patellar tendinitis. In multivariate Mendelian analysis, hepatocyte growth factor（OR=0.687,95% CI:0.511-0.924） remained a protective factor for Bicipital tendinitis. Sensitivity analyses showed that the main analyses were robust without outliers, with no significant outliers, heterogeneity, or horizontal pleiotropy.

The study suggests a potential causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and the five tendon diseases investigated.

To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella clinical isolates in Guizhou Province and clarify the carrying of β-lactamase resistance genes to provide a reference basis for the prevention and treatment of MDR Salmonella in Guizhou province.

A total of 70 MDR Salmonella were used for the study, antibiotic susceptibility analyses of Salmonella were carried out using the micro broth dilution method, molecular epidemiological analyses were carried out using the method of multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect the β-lactamase resistance genes in the MDR Salmonella strains.

The 70 MDR Salmonella strains in Guizhou province were predominantly resistant to antibiotics of 4-5 classes at the same time, accounting for 64.3% of the total, even 4.3% of the strains showed extensive drug-resistance. The 70 MDR Salmonella strains contained 15 sequence types, belonging to 13 eBurst groups, with ST34, ST11, and ST19 being the most common ST types. The most ST type in Tongren City, and unique ST type appeared in some cities, with different dominant ST type with different resistance profiles. The detection of β-lactamase gene showed that 80.0% of the strains carried at least one of β-lactam-resistant genes, with the most common one being bla_TEM (78.6%). The bla_CTX-M gene was detected in 2.9% strains, and the resistant genes subtypes were bla_CTX-M-55 and bla_CTX-M-64. The bla_SHV, bla_OXA-2, and bla_PER genes were not detected.

The MDR Salmonella ST34, ST11 and ST19 as common sequence types in Guizhou province, and there was a certain degree of homology among MDR Salmonella in different regions, and that these strains may have been transmitted in different regions. The β-lactam antibiotics was mainly mediated by bla_TEM.

To analyze the characteristics of epidemiological and pathogenetic trends of HFMD in Guiyang city, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of HFMD.

HFMD cases and pathogenetic surveillance data reported in Guiyang City from 2008 to 2022 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDCIS), and a Joinpoint regression model was used to compare the trends and characteristics of HFMD and its pathogenetic changes in populations with different characteristics.

From 2008 to 2022, 124 288 cases of HFMD were reported in Guiyang, with an average annual incidence rate of 187.54/100 000. From 2008 to 2010, the annual incidence rate of HFMD showed a rapid upward trend (APC=144.59%, P=0.002). Slow decline from 2010 to 2022 (APC= -13.07%, P<0.001). Among them, the male incidence rate showed an upward trend from 2008 to 2010 (APC=137.14%, P=0.003), and a downward trend from 2010 to 2022 (APC= -13.54%, P<0.001). The female incidence rate increased rapidly from 2008 to 2010 (APC=157.49%, P=0.001), and showed a downward trend from 2010 to 2022 (APC= -12.41%, P<0.001). Compared with men, women showed a fast rise, slow decline characteristic. Meanwhile, the pathogen analysis results showed that EV71 showed a downward trend, Cox A16 showed a first decrease and then increase trend, and other enterovirus showed an upward trend.

The incidence rate of HFMD in Guiyang is still high, and the trend of annual female incidence rate should be noted. The dominant pathogenic strain of HFMD has changed from EV71 to other EVs. It is suggested that the immunization strategy of HFMD should be adjusted appropriately and pertinently.

To establish a nomogram predictive model for occupational blood exposures of medical staff and validate the model.

From July to December 2023, 20% of the medical staff of each sample hospital were selected for the study using multi-stage whole group probability sampling method and divided into training and validation groups in a 7:3 ratio. LASSO-Logistic regression was used to screen independent risk factors. R language was used to establish a nomogram model and verify it.

A total of 2 251 medical staff were included. There was no significant difference in general data between the two groups (P>0.05). LASSO-Logistic regression analysis showed that post (doctor: OR=3.024, 95% CI: 1.313-6.963; nurses: OR=3.837, 95% CI: 1.739-8.467), professional title (intermediate: OR=1.926, 95% CI: 1.444-2.569); advanced: OR=1.684, 95% CI: 1.052-2.697), education level (undergraduate: OR=2.076, 95% CI: 1.445-2.983); master’s degree or above: OR= 1.767, 95% CI: 1.073-2.910), psychological quality (general: OR=0.658, 95% CI: 0.443-0.987; good: OR=0.568, 95% CI: 0.368-0.879), stress level (moderate: OR=1.348, 95% CI: 1.061-1.713; severe: OR=2.109, 95% CI: 1.457-3.055), protective awareness (general: OR=0.515, 95% CI: 0.332-0.799; good: OR=0.297, 95% CI: 0.186-0.474), protective behavior (sometimes: OR=0.589, 95% CI: 0.363-0.955; always: OR=0.424, 95% CI: 0.261-0.689) was an independent influencing factor of blood-borne occupational exposure. The results of ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of the training group was 0.821 (95% CI: 0.667-0.831), and the validation group was 0.716 (95% CI: 0.618-0.715). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the calibration of the model was good (P=0.568, 0.956). The calibration curve showed that the prediction curve was basically fitted with the standard curve, and the model prediction accuracy was high. The results of the decision curve showed that the model had the best applicability when the risk threshold was about 0.1-0.8.

The nomogram model can accurately identify high-risk groups of occupational blood exposures and provide a basis for personalized risk prevention and control.