To analyze the prevalence of dementia among elderly people in China, to look into the factors that may influence it, and to consider the impact of the interplay between depression and reduced activity of daily living (ADL) function.

This study, which used data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), described the statistical status of dementia in 7 588 people over the age of 60 and explored the interaction between depression and different types of activities of daily living abilities on the prevalence of dementia based on logistic regression modelling.

High level of chronic disease co-morbidity (OR=1.634, 95% CI: 1.133-2.355), depression (OR=2.141, 95% CI: 1.505-3.044), impaired basic activity of daily living (BADL)(OR=5.576, 95% CI:4.249-7.317) and reduced instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) (OR=2.663, 95% CI: 1.738-4.082) were risk factors for dementia in older adults. There was an additive interaction between depressive symptoms and impaired BADL capacity. Older adults with depressive symptoms and reduced BADL performance had a 13.917-fold (OR=13.917, 95% CI: 8.694-22.279) increased chance of developing dementia.

Additive interaction between the depressive symptoms and impaired BADL capacity on the development of dementia, adopting effective steps to manage depressive symptoms and enhance BADL ability will help lower that risk.

To investigate the association between obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the occupational population, and the mediating role played by hyperuricemia in the association, to provide reference for the prevention and intervention strategies of NAFLD in the occupational population.

Multistage cluster sampling was used to survey occupational population in Chongqing Municipality, Sichuan Province, and Guizhou Province to obtain social and demographic indicators, lifestyle and health status indicators, and to collect physical examination indicators from the survey respondents. The correlation between obesity and NAFLD was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and multivariable adjusted Logistic regression. The mediating effect of hyperuricemia in the association between obesity and NAFLD was explored by mediating effect model.

A total of 15 029 study participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, including 1 190 patients with NAFLD. The results of Logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for covariates such as age and gender, obesity increased the risk of NAFLD (OR=3.37, 95% CI: 2.78 to 4.09) and was associated with higher risk of NAFLD in those aged <45 years (OR=3.93, 95% CI: 3.12 to 4.94) and female subgroups (OR=3.65, 95% CI: 1.98 to 6.71) had greater effect values for the effect of obesity on NAFLD. The mediation analysis found that hyperuricemia mediated 11.72% of the effect between obesity and NAFLD, and in the subgroup analysis, the mediation effect of hyperuricemia was higher in the female subgroups (23.81%).

Obesity is strongly associated with the incident of NAFLD, with a greater effect in younger and female groups, and affects NAFLD through hyperuricemia. Strengthening the preventive education of obesity and hyperuricemia and advocating a healthy lifestyle may be effective in reducing NAFLD caused by obesity and hyperuricemia.

To analyze the changes of schistosomiasis epidemic trend before and after the implementation of schistosomiasis integrated control strategy in China from 1999 to 2015, and to evaluate its effects in the process of schistosomiasis transmission control.

The epidemic data of schistosomiasis in China from 1999 to 2015 were collected, and the interrupted time series (ITS) method was used to analyze the changes of positive rate of blood test, positive rate of fecal test, number of acute schistosomiasis cases, number of cattle, and infection rate of cattle before and after the implementation of the comprehensive control strategy of schistosomiasis.

After the implementation of the integrated schistosomiasis control strategy, the number of acute cases (β₂=-937.433, P < 0.001) and the infection rate of cattle (β₂=-1.606, P=0.012) decreased immediately in 2005. After the implementation of the strategy, the positive rate of blood test (β₃=-1.164, P < 0.001), the positive rate of stool test (β₃=-1.157, P < 0.001), the number of acute cases (β₃=-143.939, P < 0.001), and the infection rate of cattle (β₃=-0.513,P < 0.001) showed a downward trend year by year, which had a long-term effect on the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.

From 2006 to 2015, the positive rate of blood test, the positive rate of stool test, the number of acute cases, and the infection rate of cattle in China showed a decreasing trend, indicating that in the advancing stage of schistosomiasis transmission control in China, the integrated schistosomiasis control strategy based on source of infection control has a significant effect on schistosomiasis control.

To explore the relationship between Mediterranean dietary pattern and bone mineral density (BMD) in the middle-aged and elderly, so as to provide reference for nutritional prevention and control of bone health.

A total of 909 community residents aged 45 and above in Urumqi were enrolled from July 2018 to February 2019. The calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by ultrasonic BMD device. The dietary intake information was collected by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and scored by Mediterranean dietary pattern. Univariate and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of Mediterranean dietary score and bone mineral density and the relationship between them.

There were significant differences in the scores of Mediterranean dietary patterns among people of different genders (t=-2.199, P=0.028) and educational levels (F=6.986, P=0.001). There were significant differences in BMD T value among different genders (t=-4.632, P<0.001), age (F=19.753, P<0.001), smoking (t=3.617, P<0.001), physical activity level (F=5.858, P=0.003), and sleep duration (F=6.651, P=0.01). The results of multiple linear regression showed that there was a positive correlation between Mediterranean dietary pattern score and bone mineral density T value in the middle-aged and elderly women (β=0.090, P=0.024),while there was no statistical significance in male population model.

There is a positive correlation between Mediterranean diet and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly women. It is suggested that middle-aged and elderly residents adjust their diet to protect bone health.

To analyze the correlation between the age at menarche(AAM) and the incidence of hypertension.

Based on the baseline data of 1 499 women from a national key research and development program “Natural population cohort study of heavy air pollution in Sichuan basin” in Rongchang District, 4 townships were randomly selected in 2018. Questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood biochemical tests were carried out among the people aged 30 to 79 who were registered in the selected townships. The correlation and sensitivity between AAM and hypertension were analyzed by logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline was drawn by software R4.1.1.

The AAM of 1 499 female subjects was 14.31±2.06 years old, and the prevalence rate of hypertension was 36.62%. The prevalence rates of hypertension of ≤ 12 years old, 13 years old, 14 years old, 15 years old, and ≥ 16 years old were 22.88%, 27.02%, 33.33%, 45.61%, and 52.63%, respectively, showing an upward trend (trend χ²=52.198, P<0.001). After adjusting the confounding factors, compared with the 14 years old group in the control group, ≤ 12 years old (OR=0.793, 95%CI: 0.684-0.918), 13 years old (OR=0.865, 95%CI: 0.468-0.935), 15 years old (OR=1.513, 95%CI: 1.117-2.050), and ≥ 16 years old (OR=1.801, 95%CI: 1.483-2.118) were associated with hypertension. The restriction cubic spline showed that there was a non-linear dose-response relationship between AAM and hypertension (P<0.001), and the later AAM was associated with the high risk of hypertension. Sensitivity analysis showed that the correlation between AAM and hypertension still existed in different birth cohorts and BMI groups.

The later AAM may increase the risk of hypertension in adults. Strengthening health education and improving behavior and lifestyle are beneficial to the prevention and treatment of hypertension in women.

To analyze the cost-effectiveness of the expanded HIV testing strategy in Luzhou from 2018 to 2020, and to provide a basis for implementing or adjusting the strategy according to local conditions.

The cost data of HIV testing institutions at all levels were collected by self-made cost collection tools, and the number of tested people and newly reported cases were obtained from China Disease Prevention and Control Information system. The number of potential HIV infections averted by the sexual transmission route was estimated using the Bernoulli-process model, and the cost-effectiveness ratio was analyzed.

From 2018 to 2020, the cumulative investment cost of Luzhou city in the HIV expansion testing was 151.76 million yuan after discounting, and the average cost in the three years was 50.58 million yuan. A total of 5.60 million people received HIV test in the past three years, with 7 318 new cases detected, and the average cost was 27.1 yuan per test. According to the Bernoulli-process model, the number of new infections prevented by sexual transmission in Luzhou city was 545 (67-7 373). Cost effectiveness analysis showed that from 2018 to 2020, the cost for identifying each new HIV-infected person was 21 000 yuan, and 92 000 yuan (7 000- 755 000) for preventing each HIV infection.

The expanded HIV testing strategy implemented in Luzhou from 2018 to 2020 accords with the cost-effectiveness principle and has economic effects. The cost-effectiveness of testing varies greatly in different regions, so the expanded testing strategy should be implemented according to the epidemic situation of different regions.

To investigate the effects of age combinations and fertility assessment results on the clinical pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) / intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

A retrospective cohort was established based on the data of 5 104 cycles of IVF-ET/ICSI transplantation from 11 assisted reproductive institutions in the east, central, and west regions. According to the age registered at the first fertility evaluation, the couples were divided into group A (female < 35, male < 40), group B (female < 35, male ≥ 40), group C (female ≥ 35, male < 40), and group D(female ≥ 35, male ≥ 40). The results of clinical pregnancy rate and first fertility among the four groups were compared by Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA.

The clinical pregnancy rates of the four age groups treated with IVF-ET were 58.23%, 54.12%, 40.57%, and 30.70%, respectively (χ²=167.214, P < 0.001), and those of ICSI were 59.29%, 62.5%, 49.07%,and 34.31%, respectively (χ²=23.834, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate between the two treatments of IVF-ET/ICSI between group A and group B (χ²=0.574, P_IVF-ET=0.449, χ²=0.099, PICSI=0.754) but the clinical pregnancy rate of group C was significantly higher than that of group D in the two treatments of IVF-ET/ICSI, which was (χ²=11.581, P_IVF-ET=0.001; χ²=4.695, P_ICSI=0.03).

When the woman is less than 35 years old, the age of the man has no significant effect on the clinical pregnancy rate treated with IVF-ET/ICSI. When the woman is ≥ 35 years old, the clinical pregnancy rate of the man < 40 years old receiving IVF-ET/ICSI is significantly higher than that of the man ≥ 40 years old, which suggests that if the couple with fertility intention is in the age range of ≥ 35 years old for woman and < 40 years old for man, they should actively evaluate the fertility and choose the appropriate medical treatment plan in time.

To investigate the intervention effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) on atopic dermatitis (AD) induced by 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene (DNCB) in mice and the effect of intestinal flora.

In total 72 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into high and low dose live bacteria group, pasteurization group, model group, and blank group, with 12 mice in each group. The AD mouse model was established by DNCB, and different doses of AKK living bacteria and Pasteurella multicide were intragastrically administered for 4 weeks. The skin lesions, splenomegaly, and skin histopathology of mice in each group were observed, the level of serum IgE was measured, and the expression levels of IL-4 and IFN- γ on mRNA transcription and protein in back skin tissue were detected. The fecal samples of mice were collected and 16SrRNA sequencing was used to understand the changes in the structure and abundance of intestinal microflora.

After AKK intervention, the skin lesions, splenomegaly, and skin pathological damage of AD mice were not significantly improved, the level of serum IgE increased, the level of IL-4 decreased except the mRNA transcription level of low dose live bacteria group, and the expression of IFN- γ increased at mRNA and protein levels in low dose live bacteria group and high dose inactivated group.

Although AKK did not significantly improve the skin lesions of AD mice, it alleviated the inflammatory reaction in mice to some extent and improved the diversity and structure of intestinal flora.

To investigate the cardiovascular health status and influencing factors of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 in five provinces and cities of China.

From April to November 2022, 9 schools (including 4 primary schools and 5 middle schools) were selected from Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangxi, and Hunan provinces. In total 2 166 students from the third grade of primary school to the third grade of senior high school were enrolled in the study. The methods of data collection included questionnaire, physical measurement, and laboratory test. According to the revised American Heart Association standard, cardiovascular health was evaluated by four health behavior indicators (smoking, BMI, physical exercise, and dietary evaluation) and three health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose). The indicators were divided into ideal, moderate, and poor levels. The total average score of 7 indexes was calculated and divided into low, medium, and high-risk grades according to the score. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of cardiovascular health status of children and adolescents.

Students with 7 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors accounted for 1.8%, and those with more than 5 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors accounted for 48.7%. The proportion of girls with 2 or 4 cardiovascular health behaviors was significantly higher than that of boys (P=0.025). The proportion of children and adolescents from township and rural areas with 2 to 4 cardiovascular health behaviors, 2 to 3 cardiovascular health factors, and 4 to 7 cardiovascular health behaviors and factors were significantly higher than those from urban areas (P< 0.05). There were significant differences in the total average scores of cardiovascular health indexes among age, sex, sleep duration, urban and rural areas, regions, and income levels (P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that long sleep time, female, rural area, and family income were positively correlated with the decrease of cardiovascular risk of children and adolescents, while the increase of age and the decrease of cardiovascular risk of children and adolescents in the south were negatively correlated.

The cardiovascular health of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 in five provinces and cities of China is generally at the middle level, and the proportion of 7 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors is low. In the future, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with short sleep time, urban, southern, and low family income, so as to improve cardiovascular health.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in Henan Province.

The annual morbidity and mortality data of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022 were collated, and the average annual change percentage(AAPC) and annual change percentage (APC) of reported incidence and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022 were calculated. The time change trend of notifiable infectious diseases was analyzed.

The total incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2022 (AAPC=1.76%, P<0.05). After the increase, the total mortality decreased from 2007, and the APC was 64.90% and -4.50%, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of hepatitis B increased first and then showed a downward trend since 2007, with APC of 23.15% and -8.28%, respectively (P<0.05). The AIDS mortality rate showed a slow downward trend from 2007 to 2020 (APC=-3.33%, P<0.05). The average annual morbidity and mortality of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases were higher than those of other routes of transmission, with an upward trend from 2004 to 2006 and a downward trend from 2007 to 2022. The APC was 33.12% and -3.36%, respectively (P<0.05).

Blood and sexual transmission are the main transmission routes of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province, and their morbidity and mortality have begun to decrease and remain at a relatively stable level in recent years. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for key diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, hand-foot-mouth disease, other infectious diarrheal diseases, and AIDS.