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To investigate the effects of high-fat diet in pre-pregnancy and pregnancy on gut microbiota of neonatal rats.
Twelve 3-week-old Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) female Sprague-dawley (SD) rats after one week of adaptive feeding were randomly divided into control group and high-fat diet group according to body weight. The rats were fed basal diet or high-fat diet until 12-week-old in pre-pregnancy, respectively, and then mated with SPF male SD rats of the same age. Pregnancy was determined the next day when vaginal plugs were observed or sperms were found by vaginal smears. Pregnant rats were kept in single cages and the diet in pregnancy was the same as pre-pregnancy. The postnatal day 0.5 (PD 0.5) neonatal rats were collected and the body weights were measured. Intestine of PD 0.5 neonatal rats were collected, intestinal weights were measured and intestinal coefficients were calculated. Histopathology and related genes detection of ileum and colon were performed. Total bacterial DNA of intestinal contents was extracted and the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Data was analyzed by t test or Mann-Whitney U test.
Compared with control group, there were no significant difference in the body weight, intestinal weight and intestinal coefficient in PD 0.5 neonatal rats of high-fat diet group(t=-0.682, P=0.499; t=0.269, P=0.790; t=0.674, P=0.506); there were no difference in intestinal histopathological changes; the gene expression level of Claudin-1, Lysozyme, Reg3γ (regenerating islet derived protein 3 gamma) and Alpha-defensin 5 of colon in PD 0.5 neonatal rats of high-fat diet group were increased significantly(t=-3.136，P=0.011; t=-3.303, P=0.019; t=-3.093, P=0.011; t=-3.575, P=0.005); there were no significant difference in α diversity and β diversity of gut microbiota(t=-1.407, P=0.190; t=-1.410, P=0.189; t=-2.017, P=0.071; U=6.000, P=0.055; F=1.030，P=0.141); the abundance of Ruminococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, Veillonella and Flavobacterium and Bacteroides_sp._SLC1-38 increased significantly(U=3.500, P=0.013; U=7.000, P＝0.050; U=6.000, P=0.022; U=6.000, P=0.022; U=7.000, P＝0.050; U=3.000, P=0.007). The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis found that Escherella/Shigella, Ruminococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis and Bacteroides_SP._SLC1-38 were bacteria with effects on the differences in high-fat diet group greater than the set value.
High-fat diet in pre-pregnancy and pregnancy increased the abundance of metabolically related bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the gut of PD 0.5 neonatal rats.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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