To analyze the multiple mediating effects of anxiety and depression symptoms between physical activity and cognitive function, and to provide evidence for slowing down the decline of cognitive function in the elderly.

A total of 9 323 elderly people aged 65 and above were selected from the 2018 China Aging Health Factors Follow-up Survey and their basic demographic characteristics were described. The correlation between physical activity, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and cognitive function was investigated. The chain mediating effect model was used to analyze the multiple mediating effects of anxiety and depression between physical activity and cognitive function.

Physical activity, anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms were correlated with cognitive function (all P<0.001), and physical activity was positively correlated (r=0.41), anxiety symptoms (r=-0.12) and depression symptoms (r=-0.22) were negatively correlated. On the one hand, physical activity can directly affect cognitive function in older adults (effect=0.234 8, SE=0.012 2, 95% CI: 0.211 0-0.258 6). On the other hand, physical activity mediated cognitive function through anxiety and depression symptoms, among which, the independent mediating effect of anxiety was 0.002 6 (SE=0.001 2, 95% CI：0.000 3-0.005 3), and the independent mediating effect of depression was 0.018 6 (SE=0.012 3, 95% CI: 0.014 2-0.023 2). The series mediating effect of anxiety and depression was 0.006 1 (SE=0.001 1, 95% CI: 0.004 0-0.008 4).

Physical activity may improve cognitive function in older adults by reducing anxiety and depression. For the elderly, active participation in physical activity is beneficial to maintain a good mental state and slow down the decline of cognitive function.

To understand the quality of life of the elderly in Dongguan during the COVID-19 period, to explore the influence path of social support and social support behavior on the quality of life of the elderly, and to provide a reference basis for social support to improve the quality of life of the elderly.

From September to December 2020, face-to-face interview-type questionnaires were administered to older adults in six communities in Dongguan City using whole-cluster random sampling, and the Social Support Assessment Scale (SSA), Social Support Behaviour Scale (SS-B), and the Brief Health Questionnaire (SF-36) were used to assess older adults’ social support, social support behaviours, and quality of life. The t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis of variance, and Spearman’s correlation analysis and Model 1 in the PROCESS 4.0 macro program were used for path analysis.

A total of 1 130 valid questionnaires (94.17%) were collected, with a mean age (78.85±9.04) years, 72.2% female and 27.8% male. Social support (r=0.16, P<0.01) and social support behaviors (r=0.14, P<0.01) were positively correlated with quality of life, while social support (r=0.11, P<0.01) and social support behaviors (r=0.14, P<0.01) were positively correlated with mental health. Social support behaviors had a positive predictive effect on quality of life (β=0.069, P<0.01) and mental health (β=0.119, P<0.01). The relationship between social support behavior and quality of life (β=-0.004, P<0.001) and mental health (β=-0.005, P<0.001), the boundary values of the regulatory effect were 10.270 and 7.145, respectively, and the regulatory effect below the critical value was significant.

Improving social support in the elderly can help improve the quality of life of the elderly, especially the elderly population with a low level of social support behavior.

To explore whether there is any causal association between ketone bodies and cognitive performance employing the bidirectional and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the genome-wide association studies summary data from Europe were used as instrumental variables. The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary method to estimate the causal effect of ketone bodies instrumental variables with cognitive performance, and pathway and functional enrichment analyses were performed to predict potential mechanisms. Significance was ascertained with the use of Bonferroni-corrected significance thresholds (P=0.017).

Two-sample MR analysis showed that acetoacetate (β=0.075, 95% CI: 0.002-0.148, P=0.045) and β-hydroxybutyrate (β=0.082, 95% CI: 0.039-0.126, P=2.36×10^-4) were causally associated with cognitive performance. However, the association of acetoacetate was no longer significant after Bonferroni-corrected. In addition, no link between acetone (β=0.041, 95% CI: -0.018-0.099, P=0.175) and cognitive performance was discovered. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses suggest that the mechanism of β-hydroxybutyrate effect on cognitive performance may be through a variety of ways, such as cholesterol metabolism and insulin resistance. In reverse MR Analysis, we found no causal effects of cognitive performance on ketone bodies.

Our findings support a causal relationship between β-hydroxybutyrate levels and better cognitive performance.

To analyze and forecast the epidemic trends and disease burden of self-harm in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide data for evaluating and formulating self-harm related prevention and treatment measures.

We used age-period-cohort modeling to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on self-harm incidence rates and mortality rates in China between 1990 and 2019. We projected the rates of self-harm in China from 2020 to 2030 using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis.

In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of self-harm in China was 51.24/100 000 and the age-standardized mortality rate was 6.8/100 000. From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of self-harm showed a decreasing trend in both male and female (EAPC<0). The results of APC analysis showed that in the age effect, the RR value of incidence peaked in 20-24 years old and over 70 years old, and the RR value of mortality increased rapidly in people over 70 years old.The period effect results showed that the overall morbidity and mortality risk of Chinese residents showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2019.Birth cohort results showed that the risk of morbidity and mortality for both male and female increased slowly and then decreased gradually with the change of birth year, and the population born between 1950 and 1954 had a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. By 2030, the ASIR of male self-harm is expected to decrease to 28.38/100 000 and that of female is 57.02/100 000. The ASMR of male decreased to 7.53/100 000 and that of female decreased to 3.90/100 000.

Although the burden of self-harm disease among Chinese residents shows an overall downward trend, it is still one of the diseases with a high burden of disease. Young people aged 20-24 and elderly people over 70 years old are targeted for life assistance and psychological counseling, and attention is paid to the physical and mental health of women who have attempted suicide, so as to reduce the burden of disease caused by self-harm.

To establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 toxigenic strains.

On the basis of multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification technology, primers and probes were designed according to the hemolysin coding gene, cholera toxin coding gene and O antigen coding genes of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and the detection method was preliminary established. With DNA of different Serotypes of Vibrio cholerae and other bacteria used as templates, the specificity and sensitivity of the detection method was verified.

When the probe addition amount of the reaction system was 0.6μL as recommended by kit instructions, it could successfully amplify four target genes including hemolysin coding gene, cholera toxin coding gene, and O antigen coding genes of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139. When the probe addition amount was respectively optimized to 1.0 μL, 1.0 μL, 1.0 μL, 0.8 μL of the above-mentioned four genes, the amplification efficiency was higher. After optimizing probe addition, the specificity of the detection method was verified and each primer probe combination did not cross react with non target bacterial DNA. When conducting sensitivity analysis of the detection method, the genomic detection sensitivity of different target genes was 70fg or 290fg. The above results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the detection method meet the design requirements.

A new method for the detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 toxigenic strains has been established. This method has characteristics of strong specificity, high sensitivity, and short detection time. It can be applied to the routine detection and rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae, and has a positive role in the prevention of cholera.

To understand the relationship between dietary vitamins A, vitamin C and vitamin E and glioma in Chinese population.

Based on the case-control study of 1:1 individual matched, a questionnaire survey was carried out on 343 patients with glioma and 343 healthy controls. The intake of three dietary vitamins was evaluated through the food frequency questionnaire, and the intake of dietary vitamins and gloima was analyzed by logistic regression, and explored the dose-response relationship between the two.

Compared with the lowest quantile, the highest quantile of dietary vitamin A intake was associated with a decrease in overall glioma risk (OR=0.10, 95% CI: 0.04-0.30), astrocytoma risk (OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.86), glioblastoma risk (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.96), low-grade glioma risk (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.47-0.91), and high-grade glioma risk(OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.80-0.94).The highest quantile of dietary vitamin C intake was associated with a decrease in overall glioma risk (OR=0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.08), astrocytoma risk (OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.54-0.87), glioblastoma risk (OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.91), low-grade glioma risk (OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.62-0.91) and high-grade glioma risk (OR=0.79,95% CI: 0.72-0.86). However, dietary vitamin E intake was only associated with an increased risk of astrocytoma (OR=2.99, 95% CI: 1.23-7.30).There was a significant linear dose-reaction relationship between the two, but the results of vitamin E were inconsistent and should be treated with caution.

High intake of dietary vitamin A and vitamin C may be associated with a reduced risk of glioma, but the impact of vitamin E on different clinical subtypes of glioma is not consistent. In the future, prospective studies should be conducted to further verify the association between these dietary vitamins and glioma.

Development of the Lifestyle Health Beliefs Questionnaire for Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Childbearing Age.

The first draft of the questionnaire was customized based on the health belief model dimensions and expert consultation; 273 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in Chongqing were surveyed, and the data were tested for reliability and validity.

The total questionnaire Cronbach’s αvalue was 0.894, the individual dimensions Cronbach's α values ranged from 0.758 to 0.916, the questionnaire split-half reliability was 0.648, and the questionnaire re-test reliability was 0.772; six common factors were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire for the 29 items, explaining 68.2% of the total variance, with S-CVI/Ave=0.944, and I-CVI for each dimension was 0.8 to 1. Validated factor analysis of the used questionnaire on lifestyle health beliefs in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome of childbearing age had good model fit, with discriminant validity ranging from 0.622 to 0.833, and combined reliability ranging from 0.748 to 0.901.

The developed questionnaire has good reliability and validity and is suitable for measuring lifestyle health beliefs in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in reproductive age.

To analyse the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal distribution features of viral hepatitis in China from 2009 to 2019, explore the dynamic distribution of its spatial-temporal aggregation, and provide scientific basis for optimizing the prevention and control strategies of viral hepatitis.

Case data on viral hepatitis from 2009 to 2019 were extracted from the Public Health Data Centre, and spatiotemporal epidemiological analysis of surveillance data on viral hepatitis in China from 2009 to 2019 was performed using descriptive epidemiology and spatial autocorrelation analysis methods.

From 2009 to 2019, a cumulative total of 13 915 842 cases of viral hepatitis were reported nationwide, with an average annual incidence rate of 93.08/10⁵, showing an overall decreasing trend. Spring (March—May) was the peak of the incidence of hepatitis C and hepatitis B. The incidence curve of hepatitis E over the years showed a single-peak pattern, and the incidence of hepatitis A had no obvious seasonal pattern. The high incidence of hepatitis C, hepatitis B and hepatitis E was concentrated in the age group of 30-70 years old, and the high incidence of hepatitis A changed from the age group of 2-10 years old to the age group of 65 years old and above. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), Qinghai Province and Gansu Province in the western region were the high prevalence areas of hepatitis C, B and A, while the high prevalence areas of hepatitis E were mainly concentrated in the eastern region. The results of global spatial autocorrelation showed that the incidence of hepatitis C (except for 2009 and 2019) and hepatitis A showed a positive spatial correlation (Moran I value of 0.13-0.66, P<0.05), and the incidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis E mainly showed a random distribution (Moran I value of 0.01-0.31, P>0.05).

From 2009 to 2019, viral hepatitis incidence in China has obvious spatial and temporal aggregation. In the future, different provinces should tailor their interventions to the spatio-temporal epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis and develop scientific prevention and control measures.

To understand the relationship between cognitive impairment in old people and the mental status of their childhood caregivers, and to provide new ideas for screening and prevention of key population with cognitive impairment.

Samples aged 60 and above in the China Health and Elderly Care Longitudinal Survey Database in 2014 and 2018 were selected as research subjects (n=6 991), and the cognitive status of old people in China was evaluated by using the simple mental status examination scale. χ²test was used for single factor analysis, and binary logistic model was used for stepwise regression analysis.

The detection rate of cognitive impairment in old people aged 60 and above in China was 16.08%. Older adults with poorer mental health among caregivers during childhood (OR=1.03, P<0.05) were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment. In addition, old people who are male, married, non rural household registration, having social activity and having mild physical activity were less likely to have cognitive impairment. Old people with middle age, advanced age, smoking, and mild disability were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment.

There is a significant relationship between cognitive impairment in old people and the mental state of their childhood caregivers. We should increase the screening and prevention of cognitive function among old people who have been exposed to adverse mental conditions of their caregivers during childhood.

To explore the effect of serum lipid levels on the risk of developing cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults.

Data were obtained from the China Retirement and Follow-up Survey Cohort(CHARLS) cohort from 2011-2018, and middle-aged and older adults aged ≥45 years were selected for cognitive assessment of middle-aged and older adults who were followed up in 2018 by using the Chinese version of the Brief Mental Scale(MMSE), and multifactorial logistic regression was utilized to analyze middle-aged and older adult populations for serum total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL) and lipid composite index(LCI) in relation to cognitive function.

A total of 6 556 participants with a mean age of 57.03 ± 8.03 years were included. After adjusting for multiple confounders, compared with the lowest quartile group(Q1), highest quartile group(Q4) of TG(OR=1.229, 95% CI:1.036-1.456), LDL(OR=1.221, 95% CI:1.034-1.443), and LCI(OR=1.282, 95% CI:1.081-1.522) were positively associated with the cognitive decline. The risk of developing cognitive decline was positively associated with the risk of cognitive decline, HDL(OR=0.765, 95% CI:0.646-0.906) was negatively associated with the risk of cognitive decline, and TC(OR=1.010, 95% CI:0.855-1.193) was not associated with the risk of cognitive dysfunction, and the difference was not statistically significant.

TG, LDL and LCI are risk factors for the risk of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people, and HDL are protective factors for the risk of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people.