To explore the relationship between muscle mass and disability in the elderly.

This study is based on the tracking survey data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018, utilizing Cox regression and constructing restricted cubic spline models to analyze the dose-response relationship between muscle mass and disability in the elderly.

A total of 2 165 elderly patients were followed up 4 times for an average of 10 years. Among them, 603 (27.8%) developed disability. After adjusting for confounders, muscle mass affected disability in the elderly(HR=0.879,95%CI:0.822-0.939). The RCS results showed that the association between muscle mass and disability risk in older adults was non-linear in both older men(P_{overall trend}<0.05,P_non-linear<0.05) and older women(P_{overall trend}<0.05, P_non-linear<0.05). It is suggested that ASMI level of 7.2 (kg/m²) and above should be maintained in elderly men and 5.2 (kg/m²) and above in elderly women.

Muscle mass is associated with disability in the elderly. Maintenance or improvement of muscle mass can improve the quality of life in the elderly.

To explore the impact of hypertension diagnosis and measured blood pressure on depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults, providing evidences for depression prevention in this population.

Data from four waves (2013-2020) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed, including a total of 4 106 participants aged 45 and older. A linear mixed-effects model was used to examine the effect of hypertension on depressive symptoms.

In the univariate analysis, compared to respondents who with undiagnosed hypertension (32.64%), those diagnosed with hypertension showed a higher proportion of depressive symptoms (33.51%). After adjusting for covariates in the multivariate analysis, diagnosed hypertension (OR=1.05, P=0.003) remained associated with a higher risk of depression. However, elevated blood pressure without diagnosis did not have a significant effect on depressive symptoms (OR=0.99, P=0.454).

Hypertension diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Therefore, clinicians are advised to monitor not only blood pressure control in hypertensive patients but also their mental health, providing psychological support to prevent emotional issues that may arise from the diagnosis, thus enhancing patients’ quality of life.

To analyze the survival time of HIV/AIDS patients in Hebei province, and to explore the influencing factors, so as to provide basis for improving the quality of life of patients.

Retrospective cohort study was used to collect information of HIV/AIDS in Hebei province from 1989 to 2022. Life table was used to describe the survival status. Log-rank test and Cox regression were used to analysis the influencing factors of survival time.

There were 22 563 cases of HIV/AIDS, with males accounting for 88.7% and homosexual transmission accounting for 62.1%. The average age at the time of discovery was 38.1±13.9. The 1-year,3-year,5-year and 10-year cumulative survival rates of HIV/AIDS patients were 91.46%,88.03%, 85.56% and 79.34%. The risk of death in female was lower than that in male (HR=0.824, 95% CI: 0.713-0.953). The risk of death in patients receiving antiviral treatment was lower than in those who have not received treatment (HR=0.079, 95% CI:0.069-0.091). Baseline CD4 cell counts ranging from 200 to 349 cells/μl (HR=0.451, 95% CI: 0.222-0.914), 350 to 499 cells/μl (HR=0.354, 95% CI: 0.175-0.719), and above 500 cells/μl (HR=0.342, 95% CI: 0.168-0.693) have a lower risk of death. People over 50 years old have a higher risk of death (HR=2.585, 95% CI: 2.143-3.117). Among the sources of case samples, the case death risk of those from HIV testing and counseling was lower than the cases from medical institutions(HR=0.444,95% CI: 0.387-0.510). And the case death risk of those from detainees was lower than the cases from medical institutions(HR=0.417,95% CI: 0.297-0.584).

Gender, educational level, baseline CD4 cell count, sample source, age at discovery, and antiviral treatment were influencing factors on survival time. Early detection, early treatment, strengthening the publicity and education of key groups, paying attention to the elderly cases over 50 years old, and strengthening medical personnel to actively carry out AIDS testing and consulting services have a positive effect on prolonging the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases.

To explore the association between depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in patients with chronic comorbidity.

Single-factor analysis was performed using chi-square test, and the relationship between PHQ-9 scores, depressive symptoms, and all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular disease mortality in patients of multimorbidity were analyzed using COX proportional hazards regression model.

The results of the multivariable COX regression showed that as compared to those without depressive symptoms, patients of multimorbidity with depressive symptoms had HR=1.665 (95% CI: 1.135-2.444) for all-cause mortality and HR=2.090 (95% CI: 1.216-3.594) for cardiovascular mortality. With an increase in PHQ-9 score, the risks of all-cause mortality (HR=1.060, 95% CI: 1.014-1.107) (P_trend<0.010) and cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.072, 95% CI: 1.005-1.144) (P_trend<0.010) gradually increased. Subgroup analysis by urban and rural areas showed that there was an interaction between different urban and rural depressive symptoms on the risk of all-cause mortality in patients of multimorbidity (P interaction <0.05). In rural areas, patients of multimorbidity with depressive symptoms had 2.637 times (95% CI: 1.639-4.243) higher risk of all-cause mortality and 3.207 times (95% CI: 1.686-6.101) higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to those without depressive symptoms. With an increase in PHQ-9 score, the risks of all-cause mortality (P_trend<0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (P_trend<0.001) also increased. However, these associations were not significant in urban areas.

Depressive symptoms is a risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in patients of multimorbidity, and more attention should be paid to psychological interventions for patients of multimorbidity in rural areas to reduce the risk of mortality in patients of multimorbidity.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected cases among farmers in Guizhou Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating AIDS prevention and control strategies.

The data of AIDS cases reported among farmers in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2022 were selected from the Chinese AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, and a linear regression model was constructed with the year as the independent variable and the number of cases as the dependent variable to analyze the changing trend.

From 2010 to 2022, 47 811 HIV/AIDS cases were reported among farmers in Guizhou Province, accounting for 60.40% of the total number of cases. The number of reported cases showed an upward trend (AAPC=23.10%). The male-to-female ratio of the cases was 2:1. The majority of the cases were over 50 years old (56.55%),and the number of cases in each age group showed an overall upward trend. The main mode of transmission was heterosexual transmission (97.74%), and non-commercial heterosexual intercourse was the main mode for both males (49.01%) and females (61.50%). The samples were mainly sourced from medical institution tests (76.56%), and the proportion of late detection was 74.97%.

From 2010 to 2022, the number of reported HIV/AIDS cases among farmers in Guizhou Province showed an upward trend. The cases were mainly elderly, with a high proportion of late detection, relatively low educational levels, and heterosexual contact was the main mode of transmission, mainly non-commercial heterosexual intercourse. Attention should be paid to the HIV epidemic among farmers, and AIDS prevention and control strategies targeting farmers need to be explored according to the characteristics of this population.

To analyze the malaria disease burden and trends in China from 1990 to 2021, providing a feasibility basis for malaria prevention and control strategies in the context of globalization.

Based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) study data, we obtained malaria prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY),and their age-standardized rates in China from 1990 to 2021. The Join point model was used to analyze the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in malaria disease over the years.

In 1990, there were in total 292 387 malaria cases, 787 611 prevalent cases, and 997 deaths in all age groups in China, with an absolute number of DALY of 64 233. The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates were 24.48/100 000, 66.10/100 000, 0.08/100 000, and 5.18/100 000, respectively. All age-standardized rates showed a significant downward trend from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC=-61.90%,-68.77%, -51.36%, and -66.25%, all P < 0.05). From 1990 to 2021, the number of cases, prevalence, and deaths among males were consistently higher than those among females, although the absolute number of DALY gradually fell below that of females over the years. In 1990, the highest malaria incidence was observed in the 15 to 49 age group (29.06/100 000), while the lowest was in the under-5 age group (9.08/100 000). The highest prevalence occurred in the 5 to 14 age group (89.90/100 000), and the lowest in those aged 70 and above (59.17/100 000). The mortality rate was highest in those aged 70 and above (0.09/100 000) and lowest in the under-5 age group (0.05/100 000), with a 100.00% reduction in all age group indicators from 1990 to 2021.

China has made significant achievements in malaria prevention and control, but attention must still be given to monitoring malaria in males and the elderly. Strengthening surveillance of imported cases is essential to prevent re- ransmission while improving domestic control efforts.

To analyze the research development trends of telemedicine applications in cardiovascular disease management in low- and middle-income countries based on bibliometric methods.

Research articles related to the application of telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management within middle-and low-income countries were retrieved from the Web of Science database, covering the period from January 1, 1998, to April 30, 2024. Using Excel, VOS viewer, and R software, we analyzed and visualized annual publication volume, regional research intensity, keywords, country citations, and conducted regional disparity and research topic analyses.

A total of 514 articles were included in the study. The number of publications on telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management in low- and middle-income countries showed an upward trend from 1998 to 2023, particularly experiencing rapid growth since 2012. China (21%), the United States (13%), and India (11%) ranked as the top three countries in terms of research output. Among 134 low- and middle-income countries, 57(43%) reported the application of telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management, with the highest research output from China, India, Brazil, Iran, and Bangladesh. The research primarily focused on upper-middle-income (50.3%) and lower-middle-income countries (40.9%). The technological applications were concentrated in disease risk factor control, screening, and diagnosis, covering all stages of prevention. The most commonly used tools included mobile applications and wearable electrocardiogram devices, which have increasingly incorporated machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence technologies in recent years. The target users of these technologies included the general public, patients, and healthcare service providers.

The volume of literature on telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management in low- and middle-income countries continues to grow, integrating into the entire management process of cardiovascular diseases in these regions.However, challenges such as the digital divide due to regional development disparities persist. There is an urgent need to promote the implementation of technology support and economic incentive policies, particularly in African countries, to establish an efficient, safe, and convenient digital cardiovascular disease management system.

To investigate the association between sedentary duration, physical activity, and male sperm quality.

Based on 1 578 semen samples from the Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, a linear regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the linear and nonlinear associations of daily sedentary duration, weekly physical activity volume, and physical activity level with conventional semen parameters and sperm kinetic parameters.

Daily sedentary duration and weekly physical activity volume showed significant nonlinear associations with forward motility, immotility, and total motility (P <0.05). Additionally, weekly physical activity volume was significantly nonlinearly associated with average curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, average straight-line velocity, and average flagellar beat frequency (P < 0.05). Compared to the low activity group, the moderate and high activity groups had significant improvements in forward motility [% Change (95%CI): 4.302 (1.691-6.979), 2.816(0.227-5.472)], total motility [% Change (95%CI): 3.624 (1.227-6.079), 2.567 (0.179-5.012)], average curvilinear velocity [%Change (95%CI): 6.600 (3.021-10.304), 3.958 (0.446-7.594)], average path velocity [% Change (95%CI): 6.529 (2.987-10.193),4.012 (0.532-7.613)], and average straight-line velocity [% Change (95%CI): 5.992 (2.049-10.087), 4.221 (0.319-8.274)], with the moderate activity group showing more pronounced improvements.

Both insufficient and excessive daily sedentary duration are risk factors for male sperm quality, with insufficient sedentary duration potentially posing greater harm. Maintaining regular and moderate physical activity is beneficial for improving sperm quality.

To investigate the impact of serum vitamin C levels on metabolic syndrome in adults based on NHANES 2017-2018 data.

A total of 2 094 adults from the NHANES 2017-2018 dataset were included, with serum vitamin C levels as the primary exposure variable and metabolic syndrome, diagnosed according to the standards of the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association, as the outcome variable. A multivariable logistic regression model was utilized to analyze the association between these variables, with subgroup analyses conducted for gender, age, and other factors.

The risk of metabolic syndrome decreased with increasing serum vitamin C levels (P _trend < 0.001). Compared to the lowest quartile of serum vitamin C levels (Q1), the highest quartile (Q4) exhibited a relatively lower risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.66, 95%CI:0.48-0.92). Subgroup analyses by gender and age indicated a more pronounced protective effect in women and individuals under 50 years of age; women in the highest serum vitamin C level group had a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (Q4 group: OR=0.42,95%CI: 0.28-0.63). Additionally, individuals under 50 years of age in the second and highest serum vitamin C level groups also had reduced risks of metabolic syndrome (Q3 group: OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.25-0.68; Q4 group: OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.13-0.30).

This study suggests that higher serum vitamin C levels may be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome in adults, with a more pronounced effect observed in women and individuals under 50 years of age.

To investigate the relationship between body roundness index (BRI) and sleep disorders.

Adults aged 20 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018 were selected as the research subjects. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between BRI and sleep disorders.Finally, subgroup analysis was performed to explore the association between BRI and sleep disorders in the population.

A total of 6 891 eligible participants were included in the study. After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between BRI and sleep disorders (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14, P=0.022). Subgroup analysis showed that BRI was significantly associated with sleep disorders in the population under 60 years old (OR=1.12), and the association was more significant among those who had never been married (OR=1.19), patients with hypertension (OR=1.12), and patients with diabetes (OR=1.18). Multiple imputation analysis confirmed the robustness of the results.

A higher BRI is positively correlated with sleep disorders. This result supplements the existing research, but large-scale prospective cohort studies are still needed for verification.