Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 26 kinds of veterinary drug residues in 3 categories including sulfonamide, quinolones and tetracyclines based on duck meat by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Methods The 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile extraction was used, QuEChERS purification agent was used to remove impurities. After nitrogen blowing in a 45 ℃ water bath to near dryness, the mixture was diluted with 0.1% formic acid water acetonitrile (1:1, V:V) and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Results The 26 kinds of veterinary drugs showed good linearity in the range of 2.0-300.0 ng/mL (r²≥0.9996), the limits of detection were 0.28-6.02 μg/kg, the limits of quantification were 11.28-15.03 μg/kg. The average recovery rates of 26 kinds of veterinary drugs at different concentration levels (5.0, 50.0, 300.0 μg/kg) were 75.08%-112.35% (n=15), and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.25%-7.88% (n=15). Conclusion This method features simple pretreatment operations, high efficiency, and low consumption of reagents and materials. It is suitable for the preliminary screening and detection of 26 kinds of veterinary drug residues in 3 categories for large quantities of duck meat samples.

Objective To establish a method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of a new illegal additive in foods, vardenafil impurity 31 by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The UPLC-MS/MS was used to screen 92 kinds of substances of nafils illegally added in foods. The ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) was used to analyze the structure of the test sample. After the structure was inferred, the standard substance was purchased and verified. The target substance in the test sample was confirmed to be vardenafil impurity 31. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was established by UPLC-MS/MS, which was suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of vardenafil impurity 31 in foods. Results The limit of detection of vardenafil impurity 31 was 5 μg/kg, and the limit of quantitation was 10 μg/kg. The linear relationship was good in the linear range of 0.1-50.0 ng/mL, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9976, the average recovery rate was 85.33%-89.41%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 10%. Conclusion The established method is simple and accurate, and can be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the new illegal additive vardenafil impurity 31 in foods.

The traceability of grain origins and authenticity identification have garnered increasing attention from consumers. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research on Oryza sativa origin traceability and authenticity identification, encompassing technologies such as stable isotope analysis, mineral element profiling, spectroscopy, volatile compound analysis, DNA-based methods and metabolomics. This paper reviewed the research progress on the integration of various technologies with multivariate analytical methods in the traceability of origin tracing and authenticity identification of Oryza sativa, while discussed the principles, application scope, effectiveness and advantages/disadvantages of different techniques. By incorporating the geographical, varietal and organic characteristics of Oryza sativa, it summarized the latest developments in Oryza sativa origin traceability systems. The study aimed to provide reference foundations for Oryza sativa quality control and food safety, promote the establishment of traceability databases, and highlights its critical implications for safety regulation, rights protection and brand safeguarding in the Oryza sativa industry.

Objective To optimize a non-destructive detection model for predicting Vaccinium spp. sugar content using hyperspectral imaging technology. Methods The L25 variety of blueberries from Dandong was selected as the subject, and hyperspectral imaging technology was acquired in the wavelength range of 900-1700 nm. The average spectrum of the region of interest was calculated as the raw data. The 3 kinds of preprocessing methods, including multiple scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV) and Savitzky-Golay (SG), were applied to improve the spectral data quality. Non-destructive sugar content prediction models were established using partial least squares regression (PLSR), back propagation neural network (BPNN), and support vector regression (SVR) based on the full-wavelength data after preprocessing. Results The experimental results demonstrated that the PLSR model, with MSC and SNV preprocessing, exhibited the best performance, achieving root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 0.3586 and 0.3599, respectively. Conclusion This study provides an optimized non-destructive detection model for Vaccinium spp. sugar content, offering effective technical support for rapid and accurate sugar content prediction with significant practical potential.

Objective To prepare a kind of β-cyclodextrin nanosponge and explore the paeonol loading effects. Methods The cyclodextrin nanosponge was prepared by cross-linking, the cross-linking effect were determined through infrared spectrum detection, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, and the morphology and pore state of nanosponge was analyzed with the scanning electron microscope; the paeonol was loaded onto the nanosponge by immersion, and the loading effect was analyzed through liquid chromatography detection. Results Through the infrared spectroscopic analysis, 6 kinds of nanosponge were produced successfully after the cross-linking reaction; the original crystalline structure of β-cyclodextrin disappeared due to the formation of new products; nanosponge had a lower thermal stability than of β-cyclodextrin; 3 kinds of nanosponge with relatively complete and uniform pore structure were produced, and their paeonol loading rates were 19.31%, 12.27% and 5.78% respectively. Conclusion The produced porous nanosponge has good paeonol loading effect, and can be used in the active packages of food or fresh products.

Objective To investigate the lipid-lowering and liver protective effects of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on hyperlipidemic model rats. Methods The 50 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group and low, medium and high dose groups of NMN (10, 50, 250 mg/kg), with 10 rats in each group. The normal group was given maintenance feed, while the other groups were given high-fat feed to establish a high-fat model. After successful modeling, gastric lavage intervention was performed in each group. After 5 weeks of intervention, serum biochemical indicators and blood lipids were measured, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high densitylipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, glucose (GLU), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CREA) levels, combined with pathological observation of liver histological changes and nonalcoholic fattyliver disease activity score (NAS) of liver tissues was evaluated. Results Compared with the normal group, the body weight of the model group rats increased significantly, and the levels of TG, TC, LDL-c and ALT (P<0.01) in their serum increased significantly, AST and ALP levels significantly increased (P<0.05) The level of HDL-c (P<0.05) decreased significantly, while GLU and CREA showed no significant changes. Compared with the model group, the TG, TC and ALT levels in the low and medium dose groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the LDL-c in the medium dose group was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The TG, AST and ALT content in the high-dose group was significantly reduced (P<0.05). However, TC and LDL-c were significantly reduced (P<0.01); there was no significant difference in HDL-c, ALP, GLU and CREA. Compared with the model group, the low, medium, and high dose groups improved hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltration in rats, and the total score of NAS in the medium and high dose groups was reduced and showed statistical significance. Conclusion NMN can reduce the blood lipid levels in hyperlipidemic SD rats and has a certain protective effect on the liver.

Objective To establish a method for rapid determination of bongkrekic acid content in Hanzhong Mianpi by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) combined with QuEChERS purification. Methods Hanzhong Mianpi samples were extracted by acetonitrile-water (8:2, V:V) ultrasonic extraction, purified by QuEChERS, concentrated, constant volume, separated by Thermo (100 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) chromatographic column, gradient eluted by acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution, quantified by standard curve method with electric spray ion source (ESI), multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results The linear relationship of bongkrekic acid was good within the range of 1-100 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r²) greater than 0.999. At 3 spiked levels of 2, 10 and 50 μg/kg, the spiked recovery rate was 86.7%-90.0%, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.3%-2.9%, the limit of detection was 0.5 μg/kg, and the limit of quantitation was 1.5 μg/kg. All actual samples did not detect any citric acid. Conclusion This method has simple pre-treatment, fast analysis, high recovery rate, and high sensitivity, which can provide reference for the quality control of bongkrekic acid in Hanzhong Mianpi.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the nutritional quality of different varieties of almonds in Xinjiang. Methods The 19 kinds of varieties of almonds grown in Xinjiang were selected as the research objects. The content of macronutrients and micronutrients, fatty acids, amino acids and active substances were determined. Based on principal component analysis, a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the 19 kinds of varieties of almonds was conducted. Results The protein content of almonds was 22.34 g/100 g, the fat was 35.93%, and the carbohydrate content was 35.76%. The 3 kinds of organic acids, namely tartaric acid, fumaric acid and citric acid, were detected, with average content of 217, 3.98 and 197 g/kg, respectively. The content ranges of total polyphenols and total flavonoids were 0.54-1.94 mg/g and 1.42-15.79 mg/g, respectively. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main fatty acids in almonds, with average proportions of 73% and 18%, respectively. The 18 kinds of amino acids were detected in almonds, among which glutamic acid had the highest content (4.97 g/100 g), and methionine had the lowest content (0.08 g/100 g). The main minerals in almonds were potassium (705 mg/100 g), phosphorus (484 mg/100 g), magnesium (268 mg/100 g) and calcium (264 mg/100 g). The results of principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first 4 principal components of the nutritional components in almonds was 86.60%. Alanine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, arginine, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, methionine and proline were important indicators for identifying the nutritional quality of almonds. Conclusion There are differences in the nutritional components among different varieties of Xinjiang almonds, and the composition and content of fatty acids and amino acids are the main parameters for evaluating almond quality.

Objective To establish a method for determination of total arsenic in food by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Methods The 0.3 g of the biological component standard substances, namely rice and spinach, were weighed and digested using a microwave digestion instrument. Then, the collision mode was adopted to reduce the interference of mass spectrometry. The non-mass spectrometry interference was corrected by the internal standard. Acetic acid, isopropanol, methanol and ethanol were selected as sensitizers, and the concentration of the added sensitizers was adjusted and optimized. The response value of arsenic was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results The highest arsenic response value was observed at 6% isopropanol content. The established method was applied to analyze certified reference materials and real food samples. The measured values of certified reference materials all fell within their certified values and uncertainty ranges, with relative errors below 2.0%. The limit of detection for total arsenic was 0.0016 mg/kg. Conclusion This method demonstrates straightforward operation, good precision, high accuracy, and a low limit of detection, making it suitable as a reliable analytical approach for determining total arsenic content in various food samples.

Objective To compare the physicochemical properties of Tibetan pea starch, mung bean starch, and poplar-wheat starch. Methods The amylose content, granule morphology, particle size distribution, crystalline structure, pasting properties, digestibility and thermodynamic properties of the 3 types of starch were studied. Results The amylose content in pea starch was significantly lower than that in mung bean starch and poplar-wheat starch; pea starch and poplar-wheat starch granules were mainly oval and kidney-shaped, while mung bean starch granules were mainly disc-shaped and ellipsoidal. The average particle size of pea starch was significantly different compared to the other 2 types of starch, and the relative crystallinity of the 3 types of starch types showed no significant differences; pea and mung bean starches had typical C-type crystalline structures, while poplar-wheat starch had an A-type crystalline structure. Mung bean starch had a stronger water-binding capacity, and the starch paste became more viscous after absorbing water and swelling, while pea starch and poplar-wheat starch had better thermal paste stability, with stronger heat resistance and shear resistance in high-temperature environments. Pea starch was more prone to gelation and aging, while poplar-wheat starch was less prone to aging. Poplar-wheat starch had a later pasting time, while pea starch had the earliest pasting time. Pea starch had the highest content of rapidly digestible starch and slowly digestible starch, while poplar-wheat starch had the highest content of resistant starch. Pea starch and poplar-wheat starch were easier to gelatinize than mung bean starch, which was less prone to gelatinization. Conclusion Tibetan pea starch and poplar-wheat starch are similar as granule shape and thermal paste stability, and most of their physicochemical properties are similar as those of mung bean starch.