Objective To investigate the formula optimization conditions for low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake, utilizing tamarind, coconut oil and xylitol as the primary ingredients, and to assess the quality of the final product. Methods The low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake was optimized using sensory evaluation, texture, and color difference as indicators through a single-factor orthogonal experimental design. The physical, microbial, mineral element, and flavor characteristics of the finished product were also analyzed. Results The optimal formulation for low-sugar tamarind-coconut fruit cake was: Based on a total product weight of 50 g, tamarind juice 8 g, coconut oil 4 g, carrageenan 0.27 g, konjac powder 0.54 g and xylitol 8 g. Under these optimal conditions, the sensory score of the low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake was 94.70 points; the hardness, elasticity, adhesiveness and chewiness were 93.33 g, 2.54 mm, 79.33 g and 2.00 mJ, respectively; the color difference L^*, a^*, b^* were 46.34, 7.13, 13.27 respectively; the total sugar, total acid and amino acid content were 27.18 g/100 g, 0.39 mg/g and 0.25 mg/g, respectively; the content of mineral elements potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium were 717.95, 62.17, 73.70 and 91.40 mg/kg, respectively, with a ratio of phosphorus to calcium close to 1:1; electronic nose analysis reveals that the aroma of the finished product primarily consists of short-chain alkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds, and sulfides. The sum of contribution rates of the first and second principal components in principal component analysis (PCA) was 98.80%. Conclusion The low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake made by this method is nutritious, moderately soft and firm in texture, with uniform color and unique flavor.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate Lentinula edodes quality using texture profile analysis (TPA) and compare characteristics across different geographical origins. Methods Using Lentinula edodes from different origins as experimental materials, the TPA model of texture analyzer was used to study the main indicators that affect the texture quality of Lentinula edodes by statistical analysis methods, at the same time, the quality of Lentinula edodes was comprehensively evaluated in combination with the nutrients of Lentinula edodes. Results Statistical analysis showed that among the 7 kinds of index parameters of Lentinula edodes detected by the texture analyzer, principal component 1 mainly included 3 indicators: Chewing ability, adhesiveness and hardness, among which the hardness had the maximum range of correlation. The 3 important indicators of principal component 1-1 in Lentinula edodes were protein, arginine and Ca, among which Ca had the maximum range of correlations. Cluster analysis of 6 important indicators yielded 3 groups of Lentinula edodes. Among them, the third group, which had relatively high values in chewiness, stickiness, hardness, protein and arginine, had a better overall quality. Conclusion This study conductes a comprehensive analysis of the quality of Lentinula edodes based on the TPA method combined with nutrients. The results show that Lentinula edodes in Chengde are good quality and relatively high nutritional content, providing a scientific basis for the further development and utilization of Lentinula edodes.

Objective To evaluate the potential quality and safety risks of disposable bamboo and wooden chopsticks by detecting and analyzing hydrogen peroxide residues. Methods This study simulated the migration of hydrogen peroxide in disposable bamboo and wooden chopsticks under actual usage conditions. The migration amount of hydrogen peroxide in distilled water was measured using spectrophotometry, and its safety was evaluated through 4 steps: Hazard identification, hazard characteristic description, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Results The migration amount of hydrogen peroxide in disposable bamboo and wooden chopsticks was 40-110 mg/kg, and the dietary exposure risk factor for the general population (excluding infants and young children) was 3.3×10³%-9.1×10³%, far exceeding the international default safety threshold (20%). The residual hydrogen peroxide in disposable bamboo and wooden chopsticks might pose certain health risks to the human body. Conclusion The conclusion of the risk assessment indicates that the residual hydrogen peroxide in disposable bamboo and wooden chopsticks poses a significant exposure risk, and long-term use may pose safety hazards. It is urgent to include it in the key monitoring scope of food safety. It is recommended to strengthen production control, improve industry standards, strengthen market supervision, and enhance public awareness to ensure the health and safety of the public.

Fusarium toxins are toxic and harmful secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic Fusarium spp. during infection in grains. Contamination with Fusarium toxins threatens the safety of staple grains and animal health. In recent years, with the deepening of toxin research and the development of detection technologies, modified mycotoxins with changed chemical structures and biochemical properties have been detected. These modified mycotoxins are produced during processing, or through chemical or biological reactions in plants, animals or microorganisms, and could not be identified by conventional detection. Modified toxins can be transduced through the food chain and release free toxins after animal consumption. This article reviewed the recent research progress of modified Fusarium toxins, including the modification types, natural occurrence, toxicology, which would provide references for the comprehensive assessment of the contamination risk of Fusarium toxins in grains and control strategies development.

Pork quality is an economically critical trait in swine production, necessitating rapid and accurate evaluation methods to optimize processing efficiency and ensure trade compliance. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence algorithms and sensor technologies have driven the development of non-destructive detection methods based on artificial intelligence, which are now widely applied in the meat industry. Integrating digital image processing with artificial intelligence learning algorithms and multi-sensor data fusion to achieve automated, real-time monitoring of pork quality throughout processing chains represents a pivotal research direction for ensuring meat safety and quality. This article summarized the current key technologies for non-destructive testing of pork quality, including near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, electronic nose/tongue technology and computer vision systems, elaborated the principles, characteristics and application status of different technologies, and discussed and forecasted the shortcomings and future development directions of different technologies, aiming to provide reference for the application of non-destructive testing technology in pork quality evaluation.

With the increasing attention to food safety and environmental quality, efficient and accurate pollutant detection technology is crucial. Supramolecular solvent microextraction technology, as an emerging sample pretreatment method, has demonstrated unique advantages in the field of food and environmental pollutant detection due to its high efficiency, good selectivity and environmental friendliness. This technology is based on the selective recognition and enrichment ability of specific pollutants by supramolecular solvents (such as nano/micro scale solvents formed by host molecules such as cyclodextrin and crown ether), and achieves rapid separation and concentration of target substances in samples through microextraction operations. As a new type of green solvent, supramolecular solvents have high extraction efficiency, wide polarity range, customizable structure, and both extraction and purification effects, making them widely used in the field of extraction and separation. This review introduced the properties of supramolecular solvents and types of supramolecular solvent microextraction, with a focus on the detailed application of this technology in the detection of food and environmental pollutants, and provided prospects for the work in this field, in order to provide reference for the promotion and application of supramolecular solvent-microextraction technology.

Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District market of Beijing in 2024. Methods This study tested and analyzed 17 kinds of pesticide residues in 262 tea samples by using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Results The detection rate of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District was 96.56%. Especially, the detection rate of chlorfenapyr was the highest (89.31%) and bifenthrin was the second (85.11%). Furthermore, two kinds of prohibited pesticides (methyl parathion and methamidophos) and 2 kinds of restricted pesticides (fenvalerate and ethoprophos) were detected. These 4 kinds of harmful pesticides exceeded the maximum residue limits. In addition, the obsolete pesticide hexachlorobenzene was detected in other 5 samples. The analysis of residue characteristics revealed that 75.57% of the samples had 2-5 kinds of compound residues, of which oolong tea had the most residues. There were 6 tea detected to have excessive pesticide residues. The exceedance rate in descending order was white tea (12.20%), oolong tea (10.77%), dark tea (8.11%), green tea (6.52%), yellow tea (5.88%), black tea (1.79%). There was no significant difference in pesticide detection rate among different markets (P>0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of pesticide residues in tea in Beijing Tongzhou market is high, and complex pollution is common, but the overall over-standard rate is low (7.63%). The presence of prohibited and restricted pesticides in some samples highlights the need for stricter source control and routine monitoring by relevant authorities to ensure tea quality and safety.

Objective To investigate the microbial contamination in frozen drinks sold in Taicang City from 2022 to 2024. Methods A total of 118 samples of frozen drinks sold in Taicang City were collected from 2022 to 2024, inspected and judged according to GB 2759—2015 National food safety standard-Frozen drinks and ingredients. Results One sample had an excessive total bacterial count, and 4 samples had an excessive coliform group, with failure rates of 0.85% and 3.39%, respectively; the 72.88% (86/118) of the samples had a measured total bacterial count of greater than or equal 5 CFU/g, and 6.78% (8/118) of the samples had a measured coliform bacterial count of greater than or equal 5 CFU/g; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in the sample. Conclusion From 2022 to 2024, the hygiene quality of frozen drinks sold in Taicang City is relatively good. It is recommended that regulatory authorities continue to conduct hygiene supervision on frozen drinks production enterprises. Enterprises continue to strengthen hygiene management, control production, transportation and storage processes, to ensure the hygiene quality of frozen drinks.

Objective To establish a method for simultaneously determining the migration amounts of 24 kinds of organophosphate esters (OPEs), organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs), and parabens (PBs) in food contact materials by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The food contact materials to be tested were subjected to migration experiments in accordance with the expected types of food and contact modes, so as to obtain the soaking solution. After centrifugation, the soaking solution was separated by liquid chromatography, determined by tandem mass spectrometry, and quantified by matrix-matched standard curve. Results The optimized method could simultaneously detect 24 kinds of OPEs, OPAs, and PBs in the migration soaking solutions of food contact materials. The limits of detection were 0.01-0.58 µg/L and the limits of quantitation were 0.03-2.00 µg/L. The spiked samples recovery rates ranged from 69.0%-129.6%, with relative standard deviations of 0.5% to 10.9% (n=6). The 20 packaging film bags, 10 disposable take-out boxes and 20 paper tableware items were tested. The ΣOPEs ranges were <limit of detection-19.1 μg/L, ΣOPAs were <limit of detection-1248 μg/L, and ΣPBs were <limit of detection-0.501 μg/L. The monitoring of the migration amounts of food contact materials was limited, its health risks required more attention and research. Conclusion This method is simple to operate and highly sensitive, which is suitable for the determination of the migration amounts of OPEs, OPAs and PBs in food contact material samples.

Objective To establish a qualitative identification model and rapid identification method of local mutton in Henan province by using near infrared spectroscopy and fisher method. Methods A total of 181 mutton samples were selected from 5 local sheep breeds and 1 Huyang breed in Henan Province, and dried powder samples were prepared. Spectral scanning was performed in the wavelength range of 1400-2500 nm, and discrimination models were established through different pretreatment. Results The results showed that the spectral patterns of different breeds of mutton showed the same trend, and the original spectra could be used to identify sheep and goats with an accuracy of 94.0% and 85.0%, respectively. After spectrum processing by smoothing, first-order derivation, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and other different methods, the discrimination accuracy was improved, among which the combination of first-order derivation+MSC had the best effect, the discrimination accuracy of 1400-2500 nm wavelength was 100.0%, and the cross-validation rate was 92.8%. When the model was used to identify 6 varieties of mutton, the accuracy of calibration set reached 100.0%, the cross-validation rate was above 87.5%, and the prediction set of 4 varieties reached 100.0%. After wavelength segmentation, the prediction accuracy for the range of 1400-1620 nm was the best, but the accuracy of individual identification decreased; For different discrimination methods, the identification accuracy of sophora goat was all above 95.0%. Conclusion In summary, near infrared spectroscopy technology in the long-wave range of 1400-2500 nm could accurately identify the variety of mutton, of which the first derivative+MSC preconditioning was the best. For the different varieties, the accuracy of sophora goats was the highest.