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Objective To analyze the pesticide residues in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. from typical vegetable-growing areas and evaluate their dietary exposure risk. Methods The pesticide residues of 288 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. samples from 3 typical growing areas were prepared by standard methods. Risk assessments were performed utilizing index of food safety and hazard risk coefficients. Results Totally 39 pesticides were detected in 288 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. samples with detection rates ranged from 0.35% to 24.31%. Low-toxicity pesticides with high detection rate were difenoconazole, cyromazine, chlorfenapyr, pyraclostrobin, chlorantraniliprole and acetamiprid, successively. Multiple pesticide residues were detected in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. samples, and the detection rate and over-standard rate of samples in production were higher than those in farmers’ market and wholesale market. The risk assessment results indicated that hazard risk coefficients values of fenthion, cyromazine and thiamethoxam were more than 2.5 wih high risk; hazard risk coefficients values of carbofuran, triazophos, cyhalothrin and acetamiprid were more than 1.5 and less than 2.5 with moderate risk; hazard risk coefficients values of other pesticides were less than 1.5 with low risk.Conclusion The residues of various pesticides and the use of pesticides beyond the prescribed range are quite common on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.. However, the risk of pesticides detected in most cases is relatively low. The main high risk factors are fenthion, cyromazine and thiamethoxam in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. of typical growing areas, which need to be focused on supervision and increased monitoring. Some pesticides on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. can be naturally degraded during storage, transportation and sales. The risk situation of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. in the circulation stage is lower than that in the production stage, and the risk in the consumption stage will be further reduced.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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