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Food supervisory sampling and inspection serves as a critical approach in food safety regulation, where scientifically precise food classification directly determines the accuracy of result evaluation and the effectiveness of inspection practices. Currently, multiple food classification systems coexist in China, with discrepancies in the categorization of food items across these frameworks. These inconsistencies have led to significant challenges in accurately classifying food products and determining evaluation outcomes. This study systematically investigated the characteristics and application relationships of China’s primary food classification systems. Through case analyses of products including Qingtuan (glutinous rice dumplings), pickled mustard and peanut butter, it revealed classification discrepancies across different systems for homologous foods and identified key factors influencing food classification and result determination. Findings demonstrated that comprehensive judgment in supervisory inspection must integrate inspection protocols, production licensing categories, product standards and ingredient processing information. The accuracy of result determination was jointly affected by classification precision, enforcement rigor of evaluation principles and standardized application of criteria. This paper proposed a series of recommendations, including the optimization of food classification determination mechanisms, the development of a food classification reference database, the refinement of early warning systems for standard revisions, the enhancement of classification and determination capabilities within inspection institutions and the establishment of a national food classification information platform. These measures were intended to provide a scientific foundation and practical references for government regulatory bodies and inspection agencies to streamline supervision and sampling workflows, improve the accuracy of food categorization and outcome assessment, and ultimately enhance the overall efficiency of food safety regulation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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