The study was aimed to provide technical support for risk management, risk analysis and risk assessment of pests carried by banana seedlings in China. By consulting domestic and foreign literature (mainly including China’s National Pest Quarantine Information System, etc.), a total of 68 species of pests that may be transmitted to bananas exported to China were identified, including 32 species of insects, 19 species of fungi, 9 species of nematodes, 4 species of bacteria, 1 species of mollusca, and 3 species of mites (including spiders). Based on the distribution in China (undistributed or not widely distributed), whether they are officially controlled, and the possibility of being carried with banana seedlings, 9 potential quarantine pests were identified that require further evaluation, including 7 species of fungi and 2 species of bacteria. The 9 potential quarantine pests were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed one by one in terms of entry, colonization, diffusion possibility, economic impact and multi-index comprehensive evaluation, and 5 species of medium-risk pests and 4 species of high-risk pests were identified. Finally, it was determined that the nine pests including Botryotinia fuckeliana were quarantine pests that require attention when banana seedlings were exported to China, and the corresponding risk management measures were put forward.

Plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) operational parameters have remarkable effects on droplet distribution in UAVs spraying, which significantly affects pesticide utilization rate and treatment effectiveness. The study was aimed to explore the effects of operating parameters of electric UAVs on droplet deposition distribution in mango trees canopy and to enhance the efficiency of targeted deposition by UAVs. The DJI T40 multi-rotor electric plant protection UAV was used and the main operational parameters including droplet sizes (80, 100, 120 μm), flight height (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 m) and flight speed (3.0, 4.0, 5.0 m/s) were optimized by an orthogonal test. When the droplet size was 80 μm with 2.0 m of flight height and 3.0 m/s of flight speed, the droplet deposition density, coverage rate and uniformity in each canopy of mango trees were significantly larger than those of the other groups. There was a negative correlation between droplet deposition density, coverage rate and flight height, flight speed. The results of range analysis showed that droplet size was the main factor affecting the deposition density of droplet in mango canopy. The flight height was the main factor affecting the coverage rate of spray droplets on the front side of the lower canopy leaves and the back side of the inner canopy leaves of mango trees. The flight speed was the main factor affecting the coverage rate of spray droplets on the back side of the upper canopy leaves of mango trees. The spray diameter of the front and back of the leaves of the other layers was the main factor affecting the droplet coverage rate. The droplet distribution within mango canopy exhibited significant variation, with droplet size being the primary factor determining uniformity, followed by flight speed and flight height. In our current study, according to the droplet deposition density, coverage rate and uniformity in mango canopy, the best operating parameters of T40 multi-rotor electric plant protection UAV were obtained as follows: droplet size of 80 μm, operation height of 2.0 m, and operation speed of 3.0 m/s. It could provide fundamental guidance of the operation of small UAVs for the aerial spraying of mango trees and other similar orchards.

In view of the deficiency of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) in the production of macadamia in Yunnan province, the accumulation characteristics of Ca, Mg, Zn and B in litter, pruned branch and nuts harvest were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal management of Ca, Mg, Zn and B nutrients and help the quality and efficiency production of macadamia. In 2021 and 2022, high-yielding trees of macadamia nut variety A16 were used as the test materials to study the quality of dry matter, the content of Ca, Mg, Zn and B nutrients and their cumulative distribution during litter, pruned branch and nuts harvest. The average dry matter weight of litter, pruned branch and nuts harvest of macadamia t was 35.77 kg/plant, among which litter, pruned branch and nuts harvest accounted for 19%, 32% and 49% of the total dry matter weight, respectively. There were significant differences in the content of Ca, Mg, Zn and B nutrients in different tissues, and the overall performance was Ca>Mg>B>Zn. The average cumulative amounts of Ca, Mg, Zn and B in 2 years was 126.13, 23.39, 0.25 g/plant and 0.89 g/plant, respectively. The cumulative distribution of Ca and Mg in litter, pruned branch and nuts harvest was 45%, 48% and 7%, and 26%, 33% and 41%, respectively. The cumulative distribution of Zn was 25%, 28% and 47%, and the cumulative distribution of B was 44%, 36% and 20%, respectively. Among them, leaves (senescent leaves and pruning leaves) were the main accumulation and distribution parts of Ca and B, while pruning leaves and nuts were the main accumulation and distribution parts of Mg and Zn. The estimated apparent nutrient balance indicated that the total nutrient taken by Ca, Mg, Zn and B was 45.41, 8.42, 0.09 kg/hm² and 0.32 kg/hm². After removing some nutrients returned by litter, in the absence of exogenous Ca and Mg input and the input of Zn and B 0.08 kg/hm², Ca, Mg and B nutrients were deficient in macadamia. The results would provide the basis for nutrient optimization management of macadamia.

Meloidogyne enterolobii is one of the most devastating pathogens in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. Grafting with resistant rootstocks could help superior cultivars gain root-knot nematode resistance straightly. Previously, we identified a medium-resistant tomato rootstock cultivar Guizhen 1. In order to deepen the understanding to its resistance mechanism, we inoculated Guizhen 1 and susceptible cultivar Yala with M. enterolobii, and measured the proportion of root knots and nematode numbers in roots once every four days within 28 days. The root knot proportion of Yala reached 71.7%, which was kept under 36.0% in Guizhen 1. The root knot proportions between resistant and susceptible cultivars were significantly different on day 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28 after inoculation. Whereas the differences of nematode numbers between resistant and susceptible cultivars were not significant except on day 20. Thus it can be seen that the resistance of Guizhen 1 was not reflected by limiting the invasion of nematodes. The LC-MS based non-targeted metabolome of resistant and susceptible roots on 5th day after inoculation were measured. With the threshold of VIP>1 and P<0.05, 415 significantly different metabolites were gained, among which 280 were up-regulated and 135 were down-regulated. The top 8 classes of metabolites with largest number of metabolites were amino acid and its metabolites, heterocyclic compounds, benzene and its derivatives, organic acid and its derivatives, aldehyde, ketone and ester, fatty acyls, glycerol phospholipids, alcohol and amines. KEGG dataset were employed to do the metabolite pathway enrichment analysis. Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, betalain biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways had relatively high level of enrichment, with the glycerophospholipid metabolism having the highest enrichment level. In glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, there were several metabolites with significant differences between resistant and susceptible cultivars, which were phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, triethanolamine and diethanolamine. It was speculated that glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway might enhance the M. enterolobii resistance of Guizhen 1 at certain level. In this study, the histological and metabolomic fundamentals of M. enterolobii resistance were explored in tomato rootstock cultivar Guizhen 1, which would provide certain basis for the in-depth study on resistance mechanism in the future.

UV-C treatment is an emerging and abiotic stress technology, and is a non-ionizing and non-thermal physi-caltechnology. By using proper dose of UV-C treatment, it can be used to inactivate microbes on the surfaces of food, reduce the decay rate, maintain phytonutrients content and organoleptic quality. According to the research, the application of UV-C treatment is effective in increasing the levels of antioxidants content and the antioxidant capacity of fruits, then it can enhance resistance ability of some fruits, and which makes storage qualities better and extend the shelf life. Combining UV-C treatment with other technologies, such as 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and coating with all kinds of active compositions, and different packaging so on, it can form a hurdle technique which is a combination by two or more treatment, it can result in synergistic or additive interactions when compared to any single preservation technique in some horticulture. In addition, UV-C treatment is an eco-friendly and a cost effective technology which can be carried out easily without complex equipment on post-harvest and logistics and transportation for their commercialization. This critical review aims to summarize the research conducted on the effects of UV-C treatment on postharvest fruits in the past five years, the review draws the current challenges as well as future perspectives. It is hoped to provide valuable insights for the widespread adoption of UV-C treatment technology.

Gibberellic acid is a typical plant growth regulator, which has the efficacy of increasing yield and fruit preservation for crops. The preparation process of gibberellic acid dry flowable is still lacking systematic exploration, and the fruit preservation test of this preparation on citrus still needs to be verified. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of the wet grinding process of sand mill on the performance of gibberellic acid suspension slurry and to determine the performance of dry flowable prepared by spray drying. The 3% gibberellic acid dry flowable was prepared by the wet sand mill and pressure spray drying equipment, and the final process was screened according to the determination of particle size, viscosity, the retention rate of gibberellic acid content, and other performance indexes of the suspension concentrate through the optimization of the number of wet grinding times, the wet grinding speed, and the size of the diameter of zirconia beads used for wet grinding. The effect of 3% gibberellic acid dry flowable on citrus fruit set, fruit thickness, single fruit weight and soluble solids were tested in field efficacy test. The results showed that the optimal grinding process was 1 mm in diameter of the zirconium beads used for grinding, the grinding speed was 2500 r/min and grould twice. The viscosity of the suspension concentrate before spraying was lower than 200 mPa/s, and the particle size was about 2 µm, and the particle size of the suspension concentrate after spraying was about 3 µm after rehydration, and the retention rate of gibberellic acid was more than 90% after this grinding process, and the low viscosity of the slurry could meet the production requirements. The 3% gibberellic acid dry flowable produced by this process has high suspension rate (>90%), fast wetting speed (10 s), high retention rate of gibberellic acid, and the performance indexes are in accordance with the regulations, and there is no precipitation of suspension slurry during the production process. The results of the field trial showed that the spraying of gibberellic acid dry flowable increased the transverse and longitudinal diameter of the citrus single fruit, the thickness of the peel decreased, the weight of the single fruit increased, the soluble solids increased, and the fruiting rate of the planting area increased. The results provide theoretical support for the industrial production of gibberellic acid dry flowable, and the field trial of gibberellic acid dry flowable prepared in this study in citrus trees can provide reference for the application of gibberellic acid in citrus fruit trees.

Cassava variety Nanzhi 199 (sweet cassava variety, with erect, compact plant shape and generally unbranched at the top) and chili pepper variety Xiangyan 55 (medium maturity small cowpea variety, with good growth and strong adaptability) were used to study the effects of cassava-pepper intercropping pattern on cassava growth, photosynthetic performance, soil enzyme activity, tuber yield and quality. Three different planting densities of chili peppers in chili peppers and cassava intercropping (T₁, T₂ and T₃, with the spacing of 0.4 m, 0.5 m and 0.6 m, respectively) were designed. The results showed that the aboveground growth indexes of cassava under intercropping treatment had different degrees of inhibition in various growth periods of cassava, and the inhibitory effect deepened with the increase of density and time, so the aboveground plant height and stem thickness of T₃ treatment were minimally inhibited; intercropping treatments were able to improve the relative chlorophyll content of cassava seedling leaves, and the intercropping treatments were able to increase the net photosynthetic rate of the whole period of potato production, stomatal conductance, and the cytosolic rate of the tuber expansion period, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration during tuber expansion, but had no significant effect on the transpiration rate of cassava in all growth periods; intercropping treatments significantly increased the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, catalase and sucrase compared with CK, and the activities of the soil enzymes were significantly higher than those of other intercropping treatments by T₃ except for the activity of soil catalase which had no significant difference among the intercropping treatments; intercropping reduced the aboveground biomass and belowground biomass, and the activity of soil enzymes by T₃; intercropping reduced the relative chlorophyll content of cassava leaves at seedling stage. Although intercropping reduced the above-ground biomass and the number of cassava tubers in the below-ground part, it could improve the weight of cassava, and there was no significant difference between intercropping T₁ and T₂ treatments and the yield of CK, while the acreage yield of T₃ was significantly increased by 13.98%; intercropping could effectively improve the quality of tubers, and the contents of various qualities other than soluble sugar and cellulose in T₃ treatment were significantly higher than that of other treatments, among which, the intercropping treatments were able to increase the starch content of cassava tubers to different degrees, respectively, and increased the starch content of cassava tubers to different degrees. Among them, intercropping treatments were able to increase the starch content of cassava tubers to different degrees, which was increased by 13.06%, 8.25% and 19.33% respectively. In summary, cassava intercropping can improve the yield and quality of cassava tubers by increasing the photosynthetic rate and soil enzyme activity of cassava, and then increase the economic benefits of cassava. Finally, the T₃ treatment with 2 rows of cassava and 2 rows of chili peppers (plant spacing 0.6 m) had the optimal cultivation density, which was a suitable cassava-chili pepper intercropping pattern for Hunan production area.

Cold resistance and high-yielding are always the core breeding objectives of Yunnan rubber tree planting area in China. The superior clone was selected by artificial hybridization, and was systematically identified by nursery trial, advanced clonal trial and resistance test. The results showed that Yunyan 80-1983 was a fast-growing, high-yielding and early-maturing rubber tree clone which could be tapped 0.5-1 years earlier. In advanced clonal trials, the girth reached 52.7 cm in the seventh year, which was 122.6% of the control RRIM600 (43.0 cm). The dry rubber yield of 1-13 tapping year was 4.3 kg per tree and 1622.7 kg/hm², which was 130.3% and 122.5% of the control RRIM600 (3.3 kg per tree,1324.8 kg/hm²). The cold resistance was basically equivalent to that of RRIM600, lower than that of GT1 and Yunyan 77-4. It is recommended to be planted in the low-altitude and slight cold damage zone in Yunnan. This clone would provide variety support for optimizing the variety structure, increasing the yield and output value in Yunnan and other rubber planting areas.

China's forestry informatization has entered the stage of smart forestry，and the new generation of information technology plays an important role in the smart forestry. Based on the connotation and development path of smart forestry, this paper refines the system architecture of smart forestry, expounds the research status of key technologies in smart forestry, such as Internet of Things, 3S and BeiDou Navigation, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Mobile Internet, etc., analyzes its main problems, and discusses its development trend and research focus. It is showed that there are some problems in the research of the key technologies of smart forestry in China, such as incomplete infrastructure, high cost, inconsistent technical standards, weak information interconnection, unstable data quality, data mining not deep enough, insufficient technology integration and lack of professional and technical talents. It is suggested that the research focus of the key technologies in China’s smart forestry in the future will be on four aspects: forestry data mining and deep application, forestry cloud remote sensing big data research, forestry block data research, and the deep integration of forestry internet of things, cloud computing, and mobile internet.

Xyleborus affinis, a main pest of rubber trees, is effectively monitored and controlled using semiochemicals, a key method in rubber pest management. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are believed to play an important role in the process of binding and transporting odorants in insect. To elucidate the role of chemosensory proteins in semiochemicals recognizing by X. affinis, the XaffCSP1~XaffCSP5 genes were cloned and identified in this study. The characteristics of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the genes were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The binding mode and ability with 15 different ligands (14 host plant volatiles and 1 aggregation pheromone) was analyzed using molecular docking technology. Results revealed that the length of the open reading frame (ORF) of the five XaffCSPs genes was 366-417 bp, encoding 121-138 amino acids. The predicted protein molecular weight was 13.95-16.08 kDa and all five XaffCSPs contained signal peptide composed of 17-20 amino acid residues at N-terminal. The secondary structure of the proteins was mainly composed of α-helix. All five XaffCSPs possessed four conserved cysteine residues, conforming to the typical characteristics of insect chemosensory proteins. Phylogenetic tree anaylsis indicated that except for XaffCSP5, XaffCSP1 to XaffCSP4 were clustered with CSPs of other bark beetle species. The three-dimensional models of the the five XaffCSPs were with good model quality according to model assessment results, and the models of the five XaffCSPs were composed of six α-helices. Molecular docking results demonstrated all five XaffCSPs had a strong binding affinity with (-)-α-copaene and (+)-longifolene. Additionally, XaffCSP4 showed strong binding to terpinolene and limonene, while XaffCSP5 showed strong binding to camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene. The binding ability of the five XaffCSPs to (S)-cis-verbenol was relatively weak. The results demonstrated that the five XaffCSPs had good affinity with host volatiles and may be participated in the process of recognizing host plant volatiles by X. affinis. This study would provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of X. affinis in recognizing semiochemicals and is of great significance for the control of X. affinis.