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The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between Lvnonglin® 41 compound microbial fertilizer (LNL41) and the occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt and soil fungal communities and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tomato Fusarium wilt and the rational application of nitrogen fertilizers. Using plots with severe occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt in previous years as experimental plots, four treatments were designed in field: water control (CK), LNL41, bacterial fertilizer nutrient substrate (NS), compound microbial (CM). The effects of different treatments on the concentrations of main soil nutrients of rhizosphere soil, plant growth, soil respiration rate, incidence of Fusarium wit disease were analyzed. Using 18S rDNA sequencing technology, the differences in the occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt and the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil under LNL41 were investigated. Compared with other treatments, the LNL41 treatment is the best. The treatments with LNL41 and CM had higher contents of organic matter and available phosphorus in tomato rhizosphere soil than other two treatments. Compared with the control, the plant height, stem circumference, leaf area, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, yield and water-soluble sugar treated by LNL41, CM and NS all increased by 8.87%-34.71%, 15.93%-67.62%, 13.37%-52.88%,3.17%-12.55%, 3.20%-20.49%, 4.38%-19.53%, 0.46%-8.79% respectively. The soil respiration rate increased by 59.52% in LNL41. The incidence and control effect of tomato Fusarium wilt disease in different growth stages reached 2.33%-16.33% and 80.50%-90.83% in LNL41, respectively. The Ace index and Chao1 index at the fungal genus level in the rhizosphere soil increased by 26.97%-57.71% and 24.89%-56.00%, respectively. The diversity indicators of the Simpson index and Shannon index of the CM treatment increased by 25.75%-29.45% and 39.04%-49.13%, while the diversity indicators of the NS treatment decreased. Hypocreaceae and Trichoderma treated with LNL41 were among the top five dominant families and genera (both abundances were 8.56%); Trichoderma was similar to Cladosporium, Uwebraunia, Aureobasidium and Fusarium in the four treatments, and was positively correlated with Aspergillus, Uwebraunia and Alternaria respectively. Chao1 index treated with LNL41 was significantly positively correlated with organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil respiration rate, and was significantly negatively correlated with salinity and disease incidence. The abundance of saprophytic functional groups treated with microbial fertilizer increased by 0.92-11.15 percentage, plant pathogen decreased by 2.55 percentage, and endophyte decreased by 7.95 percentage, while only two functional groups treated with NS and CM increased in abundance. LNL41 can significantly improve the ratio of soil nutrients, thereby improving the structure and functional characteristics of soil fungal communities, stimulating saprophytic functions of the fungal communities, promoting tomato growth, and reducing the rate of blight.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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