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Xyleborus affinis, a main pest of rubber trees, is effectively monitored and controlled using semiochemicals, a key method in rubber pest management. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are believed to play an important role in the process of binding and transporting odorants in insect. To elucidate the role of chemosensory proteins in semiochemicals recognizing by X. affinis, the XaffCSP1~XaffCSP5 genes were cloned and identified in this study. The characteristics of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the genes were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The binding mode and ability with 15 different ligands (14 host plant volatiles and 1 aggregation pheromone) was analyzed using molecular docking technology. Results revealed that the length of the open reading frame (ORF) of the five XaffCSPs genes was 366-417 bp, encoding 121-138 amino acids. The predicted protein molecular weight was 13.95-16.08 kDa and all five XaffCSPs contained signal peptide composed of 17-20 amino acid residues at N-terminal. The secondary structure of the proteins was mainly composed of α-helix. All five XaffCSPs possessed four conserved cysteine residues, conforming to the typical characteristics of insect chemosensory proteins. Phylogenetic tree anaylsis indicated that except for XaffCSP5, XaffCSP1 to XaffCSP4 were clustered with CSPs of other bark beetle species. The three-dimensional models of the the five XaffCSPs were with good model quality according to model assessment results, and the models of the five XaffCSPs were composed of six α-helices. Molecular docking results demonstrated all five XaffCSPs had a strong binding affinity with (-)-α-copaene and (+)-longifolene. Additionally, XaffCSP4 showed strong binding to terpinolene and limonene, while XaffCSP5 showed strong binding to camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene. The binding ability of the five XaffCSPs to (S)-cis-verbenol was relatively weak. The results demonstrated that the five XaffCSPs had good affinity with host volatiles and may be participated in the process of recognizing host plant volatiles by X. affinis. This study would provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of X. affinis in recognizing semiochemicals and is of great significance for the control of X. affinis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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