The study was aimed to breed new coffee varieties with good characteristics for improving the yield and quality of Yunnan coffee production. Arabica coffee hybrid F₁ was introduced from Nestle R&D Center in France to Pu’er to study plant growth, fruiting characteristics, yield and bean physical properties. The varieties are 107, 117, 118,120, 121, 10×25 and 12×25, and the control is T8667, a widely planted cultivar. The test sites were Simao, Ning’er, Menglian and Jiangcheng. The results indicated that the plant height, stem diameter and crown width of the 3-year-old plant for the varieties was 84.20-175.00 cm, 21.69-53.34 mm, and 74.80-165.30 cm, respectively. All test varieties were dwarf plant. GPFA117 showed thicker stems and wider crown, 118 and 121 had better crown width than the control. The number of primary branches was 34.00~62.20. The longest primary branch length and diameter range was 43.40-89.00 cm, 4.86-11.40 mm respectively. The varieties with excellent performance were those with more number of primary branches, strong and long branches. 117, 118 and 121. 10×25 showed longer primary branches than the control, and the primary branch of 107, 120 varieties was thicker and longer, which can also be used as a good trait in future breeding. The least number fruits per node were 12×25 and T8667, and other varieties had more than 15 fruits per node. The variety 107, 117, 118, 120, 121 and 10×25 had the highest fresh fruit yield per plant and dry bean yield per hectare, up to 4.50–6.58 kg and 3289.46–4968.57 kg. Varieties 117, 118 and 120 had an average dry bean yield of over 3000 kg/hm² during the two-year peak production period, indicating a relatively high level of yield. It showed the advantage of high yield of hybrid varieties respectively. The fresh-dry ratio was (4.31-6.48)∶1, the highest was 10×25. The weight of 100 parchment beans was 14.93-20.67 g, and that of 12×25 was the smallest one. Others showed completely filled fruit and medium bean granularity. Varieties 117, 118, 120, 121 and 10×25 had some excellent traits such as plants shorter, thicker stems, wider crown, more thicker and longer primary branches, high yield, plump fruits, medium grain size over T8667. The varieties would provide scientific basis for promoting high-yield and high-quality coffee varieties in production.

Hongyang kiwifruit is a distinguished variety independently developed in China. It features a distinctive red coloration, possesses high sugar content and low acidity, and is favored for its rich aroma and unique flavor profile. The growth and development of fruits are influenced by a multitude of factors, among which sucrose non-fermentation-1-associated protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and the response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, in this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of 2 genes in the SnRK1 family of Hongyang kiwifruit, named AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2. The physical and chemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, protein conserved domains, and cis-acting elements of AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 were systematically analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. The expression characteristics of AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 genes in different tissues and fruits were quantitatively detected by real-time fluorescence. AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 genes contained an open reading frame of 1548 bp and 1545 bp, respectively, encoding proteins containing 515 and 514 amino acids with highly consistent sequences (96.31%) respectively. Both genes contained 10 exons and 2 introns. Bioinformatics analysis showed that AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 had high homology with other plant SnRK1 proteins. The amino acid sequence showed that STKc_AMPK_alpha, AMPK_C and UBA_SnRK1_plant were unique to the SnRK1 family. Evolutionary tree analysis showed that AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 belonged to the SnRK1 family. Tissue specific analysis showed that AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 were expressed in all tissues of Hongyang Kiwifruit, but the expression abundance was the highest in fruit. During fruit development, the expression levels of AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 decreased first and then increased. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 was responsive to ABA, GA₃, ET and CPPU. With the increase of storage time, the expression levels of AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 showed a downward trend first and then an upward trend, suggesting that AcSnRK1 gene might regulate the expression of sucrose synthase. The results of this study indicate that AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 genes play an important role in the development and storage of Hongyang kiwifruit, which would lay a foundation for further elucidation of the functions of AcSnRK1.1 and AcSnRK1.2 genes.

The unique charm and graceful appearance of bamboo align with traditional Chinese aesthetic preferences and moral consciousness. Additionally, due to its rapid growth, diverse species, and strong adaptability, bamboo has been an important element in environmental construction in China since ancient times. This study employed the line transect method to conduct on-site investigations and data collection in 44 urban parks in Fuzhou, exploring the application of bamboo plants and the characteristics of bamboo landscape construction in Fuzhou’s urban parks. The aim was to provide theoretical and practical guidance for improving the environmental quality of urban parks. The results showed that among the 44 urban parks, there were 38 varieties of bamboo plants across 12 genera (including species, varietas, forma and cultivarietas), with 15 varieties from the genus Bambusa, 8 varieties from the genus Phyllostachys and 2 varieties from the genus Dendrocalamus being used more frequently. The most commonly used bamboo plants were P. iridescens, P. glauca, and D. latiflorus. In different types of bamboo landscapes, the proportion of bamboo resources applied to bamboo with other plants and bamboo with environmental furniture exceeded 70%, followed by bamboo with architecture and bamboo with pavement. The application of bamboo resources accounted for 63% and 55%. The application proportion was the lowest in bamboo with terrain and bamboo with water landscapes, accounting for 45% and 32%. In all types of bamboo landscapes, the frequency of single bamboo resource application was below 30%. The quantitative distribution of bamboo landscapes in Fuzhou’s urban parks generally showed higher concentrations in the city center and lower in the surrounding areas. The application of bamboo landscapes was concentrated in traditional Chinese garden styles and larger urban parks built around the year 2000. Among bamboo landscape applications, bamboo with other plants ranked the highest with 154 instances, followed by bamboo with architecture (140 instances), bamboo with environmental furniture (109 instances), bamboo with pavement (103 instances), and the least were bamboo with terrain (46 instances) and bamboo with water (42 instances). Bamboo with other plants and bamboo with architecture were distributed across 34 parks, making them the most widespread. Following were bamboo with environmental furniture and bamboo with pavement, found in 32 and 27 parks, respectively. The least widespread were bamboo with terrain and bamboo with water, located in 16 and 11 parks, respectively. Except for Chating Park and Yushan Scenic and Historic Park, the overall distribution density of bamboo landscapes in Fuzhou’s urban parks was relatively low, with bamboo landscape nodes being scattered. The application of bamboo plants and the construction of bamboo landscapes in urban parks were still at a relatively low level. In future urban park construction, systematic planning should be strengthened, the diversity of ornamental bamboo plants should be increased, and emphasis should be placed on the characteristics of the parks to comprehensively improve the environmental quality of urban parks.

Vanda coerulea, an epiphytic plant with bare roots growing in air, has important value for orchid breeding and ornament. Exploring the development and defense mechanism of the aerial roots from the omics level can provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive understanding of the unique adaptation mechanism of aerial roots. In this study, we used three root sites with different developmental levels of V. coerulea aerial roots as materials, combined with transcriptomics and metabolomics, to reveal the development of different parts of V. coerulea roots and the defense mechanisms. Transcription-metabolism analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were significantly enriched in the metabolic pathway, biosynthesis pathway of various secondary metabolites and pathway of plant hormone signaling in two comparison groups. Transcriptome analysis showed 11 995 DEGs between the meristematic (group A) and elongation (group B) zones of the root, with 6274 up-regulated and 5721 down-regulated. There were 3673 DEGs between the elongation (group B) and maturation zone (group C) of the root, with 1691 up-regulated and 1982 down-regulated. Metabolomic results revealed 102 DAMs between the two comparison groups, with 52 up-regulated and 50 down-regulated. In the development of roots, the relative expression levels of growth regulators such as auxin, gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA) had significant changes in different developmental stages of plant roots. In terms of defense mechanism, the genes related to the synthesis of alkaloids, flavonoids, and lignins were more expressed in the meristem and elongation zone of roots than in the mature zone. The results indicate that aerial roots development under the regulation of the above-mentioned hormones and accumulate a variety of secondary metabolites to improve defensive capabilities.

The soil nutrient status and comprehensive fertility of agricultural fields in Nanchong were scientifically and objectively evaluated based on 12 nutrient indicators of 872 soil samples, through comprehensive fertility index method, factor analysis method, entropy coefficient method and coefficient of variation method. The soil in Nanchong was alkaline, with low content of organic matter, rich content of phosphorus and iron, high content of copper and zinc, suitable content of potassium and manganese, low content of nitrogen, boron and molybdenum. In the comprehensive fertility index method, the comprehensive fertility index value was 0.75, which was in the third grade, and the overall soil fertility was poor. Only the comprehensive soil fertility of Peng’an County reached the second grade, which was 0.96. In the factor analysis method, the proportion of grade 4 samples was 42.09%, that of grade 3 samples was 34.52%, that of grade 2 samples was close to that of grade 5 samples, that of grade 1-3 samples accounted for 46.68%, that of grade 4-6 samples accounted for 53.52%, and the overall soil fertility was slightly low. In the entropy coefficient method, the comprehensive fertility of soil was 0.082 96, which was between the second and third grade, and the overall fertility of soil was medium. The comprehensive soil fertility value of the coefficient of variation method was 34.09, which was between the first and second grade, and the overall soil fertility was high. Among the four evaluation methods, the coefficient of variation method had the highest soil fertility level, followed by entropy coefficient method and factor analysis method. The comprehensive fertility index method had the lowest fertility level. Through comparative analysis, the result of the factor analysis was more in line with the actual situation of Nanchong. The comprehensive fertility of farmland soil in Nanchong was slightly low. To improve the comprehensive fertility of agricultural land, it is necessary to reduce soil alkalinity, increase organic matter content, and pay attention to the supplementation of fertilizers such as nitrogen, boron, and molybdenum.

The scale insect pest is the main pest in agroforestry, causing varying degrees of damage to crops, fruit trees, ornamental plants, and forest trees. The fungus Cordyceps javanica IJID003 exhibits strong pathogenicity against scale insects, making it a promising candidate for the development of microbial pesticides. Research and development efforts focusing on its wettable powder formulation and the optimization of its production process are essential steps toward its industrialization and commercialization. The efforts are also crucial for promoting sustainable agricultural practices and achieving green pest management strategies. In this study, a single-factor test was employed to identify the optimal solid fermentation substrates and exogenous additives of strain IJID003. This research screened the optional carrier, wetting agent, dispersing agent and UV protective agent of the C. javanica by measuring the compatibility and its effective performance, which developed the wettable powder formula of the C. javanica preliminarily. The field efficacy of the C. javanica wettable powder was evaluated against female adults of Icerya jacobsoni on Michelia alba. The optimal spore-producing base substrate for C. javanica was barley. The best substrate formulation was a mixture of barley (7 parts) and wheat bran (1 part) by weight. The optimal exogenous additives included 1% glucose as a carbon source, 1% acid hydrolyzed casein as a nitrogen source, 2% potassium chloride as an inorganic salt, 1% glycine as an amino acid, and bee pupal body wall powder as a chitin source. The optimal formulation for the strain IJID003 wettable powder was 20% spore powder of IJID003, 1% wetting agent Morwet EFW, 5% dispersing agent Morwet D-450, 1% UV protectant CBS-X, and 73% carrier diatomaceous earth. Field trials demonstrated that a spore concentration of 6×10⁸ CFU/mL of C. javanica wettable powder effectively controlled female I. jacobsoni adults on M. alba, with an efficacy of 92.50% at 21 days post-inoculation. This efficacy was not significantly different from that of the control insecticide, a 4000-fold dilution of 25% thiamethoxam wettable powder, which achieved a control efficiency of 95.50%. In conclusion, the strain IJID003 wettable powder shows excellent potential for the green management of scale insects and holds significant promise as a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides.

Cassava roots were used as the raw material. Single factor tests combined with the Box-Behnken response surface method were used to optimize the extraction process of cassava crude polysaccharide (CPCR) assisted by ultrasonic wave, and the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava tuber roots by four different enzymes was analyzed. The results showed that the four enzymatic hydrolysis processes were different. The extraction yield of CPCR with enzyme was significantly higher than that without enzyme. The CPCR yield of the four enzymes was α-medium temperature>pullulanase>hemicellulase>α-low-temperature amylase, the ultrasonic treatment time of α-low-temperature amylase was the longest (360 min), but the CPCR yield was the lowest (7.02%). The α-medium temperature CPCR yield was the highest (20.25%), and the best enzymatic extraction process was as follows: ultrasonic power 300 W, ultrasonic temperature 70 ℃, enzyme content 5 KU/g, solid-liquid ratio (g/mL) 1∶2.5, and ultrasonic time 240 min. The ultrasonic treatment time of pullulanase was the shortest (60 min), and the CPCR yield was 13.98%. The yield of CPCR under hemicellulase hydrolysis was 7.99%. The optimized conditions were further verified, and the results showed that the yield of crude polysaccharide was close to the predicted value. However, the crude polysaccharide content was also detected under the condition that only enzyme was added without cassava sample, and the extraction rate of medium temperature α-amylase was still the highest (17.22%) after deducting the influence of enzyme. It can be seen that medium temperature α-amylase enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava tuber roots is an efficient way to extract CPCR. This study is expected to provide technique basis for its further research and utilization of crude polysaccharide.

In this study, Dahong pitaya fruit were treated with different concentrations of MT (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mmol/L) and stored at (7±1) ℃ and 75%-85% RH to clarify the effect of MT on its preservation. The results showed that 0.2 and 0.8 mmol/L MT could decrease the rot rate (DI) of pitaya fruit, while MT could decrease the respiratory rate (RR) and inhibit the increase of relative conductivity (RC). 0.2 mmol/L MT could effectively delay the decrease of the content of ascorbic acid (AsA), inhibit the increase of the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (), and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX), effectively promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, scavenging free radicals, improve fruit antioxidant capacity. At the same time, 0.2 mmol/L MT could effectively maintain the activity of disease-resistance-related enzymes (PAL, POD and PPO), and induce and improve the disease resistance of pitaya fruit. In addition, 0.2 mmol/L MT could increase the contents of soluble sugar (SS) and flavonoids, but there was no significant difference in weight loss rate (WLR) between CK and MT. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations among the 19 indexes, and the rotting rate of pitaya fruit was closely related to ROS metabolism disorder and membrane peroxidation. The results of principal component analysis showed that the score of 0.2 mmol/L MT was higher than that of CK at all storage periods, and the cumulative comprehensive score of 0.2 mmol/L MT was the highest, indicating that the effect of 0.2 mmol/L MT was the best. In conclusion, 0.2 mmol/L MT could delay senescence and maintain quality of pitaya fruit by maintaining ROS metabolism balance and improving disease resistance. This study would lay a foundation for the further research and application of MT technology in hylocereus longus storage at low temperature.

The present study investigated the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction patterns on the growth, field propagation efficiency, and fertilizer utilization rate of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings to provide a theoretical basis for the application of mulched drip fertigation, and to identify the optimal pattern for reducing fertilizer in the field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings. Under the condition of drip irrigation management, six different treatments were set: no fertilization (CK₀), conventional fertilization (CK₁), mulched drip fertigation T₁₀₀ (fertilizer amount equated with CK₁) and T₈₀, T₇₀, T₆₀ (20%, 30% and 40% reduction of the fertilization rate in T₁₀₀). A comparative analysis was done on the main agronomic traits, total bud count per unit area, propagation efficiency, economic benefit, and nutrient utilization rate during the field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings. The results showed that the two-year average tillering rate in the treatment T₁₀₀ and T₈₀ was slightly lower than that in CK₁. However, significant improvement was observed in the stalk formation rate, the number of buds per plant, and the number of millable stalks compared to CK₁ Notably. T₁₀₀ and T₈₀ exhibited the highest values for the total number of propagation buds, with averages 1.4809 million buds/hm² and 1.4779 million buds/hm², respectively in two years, both significantly exceeding the 1.3025 million buds/hm² in CK₁. In contrast, there was no significant difference between T₇₀ and CK₁, while T₆₀ had the lowest value of only 1.1705 million buds/hm². T₁₀₀ and T₈₀ showed the highest field propagation multiples of original seedlings, reaching 66.64 and 66.50 times, respectively, followed by T₇₀ and CK₁ with propagation multiples of 59.61 and 58.61 times, respectively, and T₆₀ had the lowest propagation multiple of 52.67. Compared to CK₀ without fertilization, T₁₀₀ and T₈₀ achieved the highest income increase, reaching 58 200 and 58 700 Yuan/hm², respectively, followed by T₇₀ with an income increase of 41 900 Yuan/hm² which was slightly higher than CK₁'s 38 400 yuan/hm²; T₆₀ had the lowest income increase of only 25 100 Yuan/hm². Regarding the fertilizer input-output ratio, T₈₀ had the highest ratio of 1∶21.89, significantly exceeding that of 1∶17.36, while CK₁ had the lowest ratio of 1∶11.45. Among all the fertilization treatments, CK₁ had the lowest utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Furthermore, T₈₀ boasted the highest fertilizer utilization rates, with 51.57% for nitrogen, 27.37% for phosphorus, and 67.45% for potassium in two-year averages, which was 21.21%, 10.37%, and 23.13% higher than those in CK₁, respectively. In conclusion, for laterite soil with medium fertility, the mulched drip fertigation pattern T₈₀ performed the best in field propagation efficiency and economic benefits for disease-free sugarcane seedlings.

In this study, the potential hazards of pests carried by pepper seedlings exported to China were analyzed and evaluated, which provided theoretical basis for the quarantine department to formulate risk management strategies. By consulting research progress at home and abroad, a total of 127 species of pests that may be transmitted to peppers imported into China were identified, including 27 species of fungi, 6 species of bacteria, 24 species of nematodes, 68 species of insects, and 2 species of weeds. Based on the distribution in China (undistributed or not widely distributed), whether they are officially controlled, and the possibility of being carried with pepper seedlings, 14 potential quarantine pests were identified that require further evaluation, including 5 species of fungi, 2 species of bacteria, 2 species of nematodes, 5 species of insects. The 14 potential quarantine pests were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed one by one in terms of entry, colonization, diffusion possibility, economic impact and multi-index comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that there were 4 extremely high-risk pests, 9 high-risk pests, and 1 medium risk pest. Finally, it was determined that the 14 pests such as Pyrrhoderma noxium were quarantine pests concerned by China when pepper seedlings were imported into China, and the risk management plan was proposed.