In this study, Dahong pitaya fruit were treated with different concentrations of MT (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mmol/L) and stored at (7±1) ℃ and 75%-85% RH to clarify the effect of MT on its preservation. The results showed that 0.2 and 0.8 mmol/L MT could decrease the rot rate (DI) of pitaya fruit, while MT could decrease the respiratory rate (RR) and inhibit the increase of relative conductivity (RC). 0.2 mmol/L MT could effectively delay the decrease of the content of ascorbic acid (AsA), inhibit the increase of the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (), and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX), effectively promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, scavenging free radicals, improve fruit antioxidant capacity. At the same time, 0.2 mmol/L MT could effectively maintain the activity of disease-resistance-related enzymes (PAL, POD and PPO), and induce and improve the disease resistance of pitaya fruit. In addition, 0.2 mmol/L MT could increase the contents of soluble sugar (SS) and flavonoids, but there was no significant difference in weight loss rate (WLR) between CK and MT. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations among the 19 indexes, and the rotting rate of pitaya fruit was closely related to ROS metabolism disorder and membrane peroxidation. The results of principal component analysis showed that the score of 0.2 mmol/L MT was higher than that of CK at all storage periods, and the cumulative comprehensive score of 0.2 mmol/L MT was the highest, indicating that the effect of 0.2 mmol/L MT was the best. In conclusion, 0.2 mmol/L MT could delay senescence and maintain quality of pitaya fruit by maintaining ROS metabolism balance and improving disease resistance. This study would lay a foundation for the further research and application of MT technology in hylocereus longus storage at low temperature.

In order to solve the problems of poor water solubility and low stability of vanilla volatile oil, the vanilla volatile oil extracted from Madagascar vanilla pods was used as the main raw material, and the nano-emulsification system of vanilla volatile oil was constructed by the spontaneous emulsification method and stability was evaluated. The results showed that the optimal process formula of vanilla volatile oil nano-microemulsion was the mass ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant was 2, and the mass ratio of mixed surfactant to oil phase was 9∶1, and O/W vanilla volatile oil nano-microemulsion could be obtained, and the particle size of the nano-microemulsion was (16.75±0.06)nm, and the polymer dispersity index (PDI) was 0.240±0.003. The Zeta potential was (–3.15±0.46)V. The results showed that the vanilla volatile oil nano-microemulsion could remain clear and transparent under the conditions of centrifugation rate of 2000-10 000 r/min and heating temperature of 40–90 ℃, and was placed at 4 ℃ for 30 days without turbidity an d precipitation, indicating that the vanilla volatile oil nano-emulsion had good centrifugal stability, thermal stability and storage stability. The results would provide some technical support for the application of vanilla volatile oil and nano microemulsion.

GC-MS method was utilized to determine the volatile components of wild Glyptostrobus pensilis leaves from six geographic distributions in Guangxi (Binyang county, Tiandeng county, Yanshan district, Cangwu county, Pingle county and Qintang district) to investigate the geographic variation patterns of volatile components in the leaves. A total of 139 chemical components were detected in the volatile components of the leaves from different geographic distributions. Terpenes α-pinene and D-limonene had relatively high contents across all geographic distributions, ranging from 18.61% to 28.32% and 16.80% to 49.02%, respectively. Qintang had the fewest volatile species, while Binyang had the most. The relative contents of alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, terpenes, ketones and esters were the lowest in Yanshan, whereas the relative contents of aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, acids, terpenes and alkanes were the highest in Tiandeng. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 97.53%, reflecting most of the component information. The absolute values of characteristic vectors for ethers, terpenes, alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, acids, olefins, phenols, lipids, ketones, alcohols and other compounds were larger, indicating these are the differential substances distinguishing the different geographic distributions of G. pensilis. Cluster analysis results showed that Qintang, Cangwu and Yanshan clustered into one group, Pingle and Binyang clustered into another group, and Tiandeng formed a separate group. Correlation analysis between volatile components and environmental factors indicated that longitude and altitude had the greatest impact on the content of volatile components. The study would provide reference for the cultivation and resource utilization of G. pensilis.

This paper aimed to explore the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soil of ratoon sugarcane in the second year under different fertilization levels, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of AM fungi in sugarcane. In this study, sugarcane varieties GT29 and GT58 were used as the materials. Four fertilization levels were set: 0.0 kg/hm² (A), 562.5 kg/hm² (B), 1125.0 kg/hm² (C), 2250.0 kg/hm²(D). The results showed that different fertilization levels had significant effects on the root mycorrhizal infection rate of GT29, but had no significant effect on GT58. With the increase of fertilization level, the diversity and richness of AM fungi decreased significantly. With the increase of fertilization level, the diversity and richness of AM fungi decreased significantly. A total of 185 AM fungi OTUs were detected in GT29 and 175 in GT58. The dominant AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil of the two varieties under different fertilization levels were Glomus. The species diversity of AM fungal community in rhizosphere soil under different fertilization levels was analyzed at the OTU level. It was found that the two species of GT29 belonged to the genus Glomus, while the three species of GT58 belonged to the genus Claroidoglomus. Mantel test showed that the contents of Ca and Mg in soil were significantly positively correlated with the four genera, and the soil pH was also significantly positively correlated with the three genera. Therefore, excessive fertilization will significantly reduce the yield increase effect, cause soil acidification and excess phosphorus, and change the composition, diversity and richness of AM fungi community in sugarcane rhizosphere soil, but the varieties are different; Proper fertilization was helpful to enrich the diversity of soil AM fungi and promote the sustainable development of sugarcane yield.

The soil nutrient status and comprehensive fertility of agricultural fields in Nanchong were scientifically and objectively evaluated based on 12 nutrient indicators of 872 soil samples, through comprehensive fertility index method, factor analysis method, entropy coefficient method and coefficient of variation method. The soil in Nanchong was alkaline, with low content of organic matter, rich content of phosphorus and iron, high content of copper and zinc, suitable content of potassium and manganese, low content of nitrogen, boron and molybdenum. In the comprehensive fertility index method, the comprehensive fertility index value was 0.75, which was in the third grade, and the overall soil fertility was poor. Only the comprehensive soil fertility of Peng’an County reached the second grade, which was 0.96. In the factor analysis method, the proportion of grade 4 samples was 42.09%, that of grade 3 samples was 34.52%, that of grade 2 samples was close to that of grade 5 samples, that of grade 1-3 samples accounted for 46.68%, that of grade 4-6 samples accounted for 53.52%, and the overall soil fertility was slightly low. In the entropy coefficient method, the comprehensive fertility of soil was 0.082 96, which was between the second and third grade, and the overall fertility of soil was medium. The comprehensive soil fertility value of the coefficient of variation method was 34.09, which was between the first and second grade, and the overall soil fertility was high. Among the four evaluation methods, the coefficient of variation method had the highest soil fertility level, followed by entropy coefficient method and factor analysis method. The comprehensive fertility index method had the lowest fertility level. Through comparative analysis, the result of the factor analysis was more in line with the actual situation of Nanchong. The comprehensive fertility of farmland soil in Nanchong was slightly low. To improve the comprehensive fertility of agricultural land, it is necessary to reduce soil alkalinity, increase organic matter content, and pay attention to the supplementation of fertilizers such as nitrogen, boron, and molybdenum.

This study explored the spatial patterns of land use and the driving forces affecting the rural community in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. It focused on three representative rural communities: Maoyang Township, Nankai Township, and Shuiman Township. Utilizing remote sensing images from 2000, 2010, 2018, and 2023, we analyzed the evolution of land use in the communities from 2000 to 2023 through a comprehensive approach including land use transfer matrices, a comprehensive index of land use degree, landscape pattern indices, and geodetector analysis. Forest land constituted the primary land use type in the rural communities, with the area of forest land increasing from 2000 to 2018 and decreasing from 2018 to 2023. In contrast, cultivated land initially decreased (2000—2018) before experiencing an increase (2018—2023). The land use changes in the communities can be categorized into two phases, the conversion of farmland to forest (2000—2018) and the conversion of forest land to cropland and construction land (2018—2023). Changes in land use types primarily drived changes in the landscape patterns of the rural communities. The landscape characteristics reflect reduced aggregation, increased fragmentation, and enhanced diversity of landscape types. Spatially, the fragmentation of the landscape exhibited a high central area surrounded by lower-density regions. The land use change in the typical rural community of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park were influenced by policy and human factors. The normalized difference vegetation index and proximity to roads were consistently identified as significant influences on land use changes. At the same time, the digital elevation model also played a significant role. Interaction detection results revealed that the relationships among the factors displayed either two-factor enhancement or non-linear enhancement, with the explanatory power of two-factor interactions surpassing that of individual factors. This study aims to offer recommendations for the sustainable construction and development of rural communities within national parks.

The unique charm and graceful appearance of bamboo align with traditional Chinese aesthetic preferences and moral consciousness. Additionally, due to its rapid growth, diverse species, and strong adaptability, bamboo has been an important element in environmental construction in China since ancient times. This study employed the line transect method to conduct on-site investigations and data collection in 44 urban parks in Fuzhou, exploring the application of bamboo plants and the characteristics of bamboo landscape construction in Fuzhou’s urban parks. The aim was to provide theoretical and practical guidance for improving the environmental quality of urban parks. The results showed that among the 44 urban parks, there were 38 varieties of bamboo plants across 12 genera (including species, varietas, forma and cultivarietas), with 15 varieties from the genus Bambusa, 8 varieties from the genus Phyllostachys and 2 varieties from the genus Dendrocalamus being used more frequently. The most commonly used bamboo plants were P. iridescens, P. glauca, and D. latiflorus. In different types of bamboo landscapes, the proportion of bamboo resources applied to bamboo with other plants and bamboo with environmental furniture exceeded 70%, followed by bamboo with architecture and bamboo with pavement. The application of bamboo resources accounted for 63% and 55%. The application proportion was the lowest in bamboo with terrain and bamboo with water landscapes, accounting for 45% and 32%. In all types of bamboo landscapes, the frequency of single bamboo resource application was below 30%. The quantitative distribution of bamboo landscapes in Fuzhou’s urban parks generally showed higher concentrations in the city center and lower in the surrounding areas. The application of bamboo landscapes was concentrated in traditional Chinese garden styles and larger urban parks built around the year 2000. Among bamboo landscape applications, bamboo with other plants ranked the highest with 154 instances, followed by bamboo with architecture (140 instances), bamboo with environmental furniture (109 instances), bamboo with pavement (103 instances), and the least were bamboo with terrain (46 instances) and bamboo with water (42 instances). Bamboo with other plants and bamboo with architecture were distributed across 34 parks, making them the most widespread. Following were bamboo with environmental furniture and bamboo with pavement, found in 32 and 27 parks, respectively. The least widespread were bamboo with terrain and bamboo with water, located in 16 and 11 parks, respectively. Except for Chating Park and Yushan Scenic and Historic Park, the overall distribution density of bamboo landscapes in Fuzhou’s urban parks was relatively low, with bamboo landscape nodes being scattered. The application of bamboo plants and the construction of bamboo landscapes in urban parks were still at a relatively low level. In future urban park construction, systematic planning should be strengthened, the diversity of ornamental bamboo plants should be increased, and emphasis should be placed on the characteristics of the parks to comprehensively improve the environmental quality of urban parks.

In order to investigate the enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in soil of different urban-rural environmental gradient zones in Haikou, agricultural surface soil samples were collected from four different urban-rural environmental gradient zones in Haikou, including the urban center, urban-rural transitional zone, rural area, and natural area. The concentration of eight heavy metals were measured, including Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn. The enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in soil of Haikou were analyzed through the vertical distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metals, the correlation between heavy metals and physicochemical indicators, and the enrichment coefficient of heavy metals. The results showed that the average contentration of Cd, Pb, and Zn in surface soil was higher than that in deep soil, and heavy metals had varying degrees of cumulative effects. There was a significant positive correlation between soil pH and Cd content, and soil pH had a significant impact on the degree of Cd heavy metal enrichment. Soil organic matter (SOM) was positively correlated with the content of Hg, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni. The correlation between layer A and layer B was stronger than that of layer C. Surface soil SOM had a significant impact on heavy metal enrichment. The proportion of sites with heavy metal enrichment coefficients greater than 1.2 ranged from high to low was Cd (70.0%), Hg (41.7%), As (36.7%), Pb (28.3%), Zn (21.7%), Cu (18.3%), Ni (18.3%), and Cr (15.0%). The enrichment degree of heavy metals in agricultural land soil in Haikou showed a certain distance gradient variation feature, with the increase of distance from the urban center, the enrichment degree of eight soil heavy metals showed a gradually decreasing trend. Only Cd showed enrichment in the natural area, and no enrichment points were found for the other 7 heavy metals. The enrichment coefficients of Cd, Hg, and As soil heavy metals involved a wide range. The points with enrichment coefficients greater than 8 for Cd in urban central areas far exceeded that in urban-rural and rural areas. The points with enrichment coefficients greater than 2 for Hg were only located in urban central areas and urban-rural transitional areas. The proportion of points with Cd enrichment coefficients greater than 1.2 far exceeded the other seven heavy metal projects. The coverage of Cd enrichment in urban and rural environmental gradients was the highest, and the regional enrichment characteristics were obvious. In addition, the enrichment coefficient of 30% Cd points was greater than 4, indicating a strong soil Cd enrichment degree, which should be paid attention to.

Based on the fact that ethephon (an ethylene releaser) stimulation can significantly increase latex yield per tapping, it is traditionally believed that rubber biosynthesis is positively regulated by ethylene. Based on the critical role of jasmonic acid signaling in promoting the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants, jasmonic acid signaling is also thought to play a role in the positive feedback regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis. Recent studies suggest that tapping-enhanced rubber biosynthesis is closely related to the activation of jasmonate signaling in laticifer cells of rubber tree. However, it remains unclear whether there is a crosstalk between the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and the ethylene signaling pathway in the regulation of rubber biosynthesis. For this purpose, in the present study, in vitro rubber biosynthesis efficiency of whole latex and small rubber particles (SRPs) from short rested trees treated by either methy jasmonates or ethylene were detected by using substrate ¹³C-MVA. qPCR was used to analyze the expression of four jasmonic acid signaling genes, HbCOI1, HbJAZ1, HbMYC1, HbMYC2, four ethylene-responsive element binding factors (ERFs) genes HbERFⅢa, HbERFⅦa, HbERFⅨc, HbERFⅩa, four rubber biosynthesis genes, HbHMGR1,HbSRPP1, HbREF1, HbHRT2 in laticifer cells after epicormic shoots were treated with either methy jasmonates or ethylene. The results showed that exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment significantly up-regulated the expression levels of jasmonic acid signaling genes HbCOI1, HbJAZ1, HbMYC1, HbMYC2, and rubber biosynthetic protein genes HbHMGR1,HbSRPP1, HbREF1, HbHRT2 in laticifer cells of rubber tree, and promoted rubber biosynthesis, but had little effect on the expression of ethylene-responsive element binding factor genes HbERFⅢa, HbERFⅦa, HbERFⅨc, HbERFⅩa, or even inhibited the expression. On the contrary, exogenous ethylene treatment significantly up-regulated the expression levels of ethylene-responsive element binding factor genes HbERFⅢa, HbERFⅦa, HbERFⅨc, HbERFⅩa in laticifer cells of rubber tree, but had little effect on the expression of jasmonic acid signaling genes HbCOI1, HbJAZ1, HbMYC1,HbMYC2 and rubber biosynthetic protein genes HbHMGR1, HbSRPP1, HbREF1, HbHRT2 or even inhibited the expression and rubber biosynthesis. The results suggest that there exists an antagonistic effects of jasmonic acid and ethylene on rubber biosynthesis in H. brasiliensis, which would provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the crosstalk of jasmonic acid signaling and ethylene signaling on regulation of natural rubber production.

Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS) is the key enzyme system in plant fatty acid biosynthesis. In order to investigate the function of the KAS gene family in the maturation and oil accumulation of Camellia oleifera, this study used bioinformatics methods and analyzed ther physicochemical properties, chromosomal localization, subcellular localization, secondary structure, phylogenetic trees, conserved motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, and RT-qPCR to analyze the expression patterns in the oil rapid accumulation stage of C. oleifera. The findings indicated that 14 Camellia oleifera KAS family members were distributed on seven chromosomes with relative molecular masses between 1.13 kDa and 5.15 kDa, and most of them were acid-stabilized proteins. Except for CoKAS II-2, which was localized in mitochondria and chloroplasts, all of them were localized in chloroplasts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CoKAS was divided into three subclasses, with similarities in structure and conserved motifs among KAS family numbers in the same subfamily. The promoter regions of the CoKAS gene family members were enriched with the cis-acting elements growth and development-related, light response, hormone induction, and adversity response. Expression analysis revealed that most of the CoKAS genes were highly expressed during the oil rapid accumulation stage. In addition, it was found a strong correlation between the members of the CoKAS and CoMYB gene families during fruit ripening in C. oleifera. The findings would provide a theoretical basis for comprehensively analyzing the function of CoKAS genes.