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This study explored the spatial patterns of land use and the driving forces affecting the rural community in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. It focused on three representative rural communities: Maoyang Township, Nankai Township, and Shuiman Township. Utilizing remote sensing images from 2000, 2010, 2018, and 2023, we analyzed the evolution of land use in the communities from 2000 to 2023 through a comprehensive approach including land use transfer matrices, a comprehensive index of land use degree, landscape pattern indices, and geodetector analysis. Forest land constituted the primary land use type in the rural communities, with the area of forest land increasing from 2000 to 2018 and decreasing from 2018 to 2023. In contrast, cultivated land initially decreased (2000—2018) before experiencing an increase (2018—2023). The land use changes in the communities can be categorized into two phases, the conversion of farmland to forest (2000—2018) and the conversion of forest land to cropland and construction land (2018—2023). Changes in land use types primarily drived changes in the landscape patterns of the rural communities. The landscape characteristics reflect reduced aggregation, increased fragmentation, and enhanced diversity of landscape types. Spatially, the fragmentation of the landscape exhibited a high central area surrounded by lower-density regions. The land use change in the typical rural community of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park were influenced by policy and human factors. The normalized difference vegetation index and proximity to roads were consistently identified as significant influences on land use changes. At the same time, the digital elevation model also played a significant role. Interaction detection results revealed that the relationships among the factors displayed either two-factor enhancement or non-linear enhancement, with the explanatory power of two-factor interactions surpassing that of individual factors. This study aims to offer recommendations for the sustainable construction and development of rural communities within national parks.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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