Prehabilitation is a novel rehabilitation strategy, mainly including sports intervention, psychological intervention, nutrition support, and other specific measures. It extends the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery by enhancing patients' organ function and metabolic reserve through preoperative intervention, thereby accelerating postoperative recovery. This concept has been applied to various surgical procedures, including cancer, orthopedics, thoracic surgery, and cardiac surgery. The majority of spinal surgery patients are elderly, exhibiting significant physiological decline and frailty, necessitating a multi-modal rehabilitation program that addresses body and nutrition, pain, and brain health awareness. As a subspecialty of orthopedics, there have been increasing reports on the application of prehabilitation in spinal surgery in recent years. This review summarizes the application and research progress of prehabilitation in spinal surgery, providing a reference for clinical medical staff to correctly implement prehabilitation.

Objective To explore the correlation of bilateral knee joint strength asymmetry with balance, walking ability, and motor function in hemiplegic stroke patients, providing a reference for clinical assessment of stroke patients. Methods A total of 46 hemiplegic stroke patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang from February to December 2023 were selected. According to the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores, patients were divided into Group A (BBS score ≤20, n=23) and Group B (BBS score >20, n=23). The peak torque and differences of bilateral knee flexors and extensors were compared between two groups. Isokinetic technology was used to assess the differences in peak torque of bilateral knee joints at 60°/s and 120°/s. BBS, Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) were used to evaluate patients' balance, walking ability, and lower limb motor function. The correlation between bilateral knee joint peak torque and its difference with the scores of three functional scales was analyzed. Results The peak torque of knee flexors and extensors at 60°/s in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.05). At both 60°/s and 120°/s the differences in peak torque between the healthy and affected sides of knee flexors and extensors were greater than those in group B (P<0.05). At 60°/s, the difference in peak torque of bilateral knee extensors in hemiplegic stroke patients was negatively correlated with the scores of BBS, FAC, and FMA-LE (r=-0.569, -0.582, -0.606, P<0.01), as did the knee flexors (r=-0.534, -0.386, -0.458, P<0.05). At 120°/s, similar negative correlations were observed for both knee extensors (r=-0.304, -0.304, -0.443, P<0.05) and flexors (r=-0.337, -0.349, -0.370, P<0.05). Conclusions Bilateral knee joint strength asymmetry in hemiplegic stroke patients is negatively correlated with balance and walking ability. The difference in strength between the two sides of knee joint may be one of the clinical indicators for evaluating the motor function of stroke patients.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) against hepatocyte injury in Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) mice. Methods Eighteen SPF female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and treatment group, each group with 6 mice. Mice in the treatment group were subcutaneously injected with 300 μl 10,000 U IL-2 for 12 d, once a day. 2 h after the last dose, Con A (15 mg/kg) was injected through the tail vein in the model group and treatment group. After 8 h of modeling, the histopathological changes in the mouse liver were observed using HE staining, and the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected using ELISA method; the expression of apoptotic protein caspase 8/9/3 was detected by Western blotting; and the percentages of Treg and Th1 cells were observed by flow cytometry. Results Compared with normal group, the liver index, spleen index, the percentage of necrotic area of liver tissue, the serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and the expression of apoptosis protein caspase 8/9/3 significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); Compared with model group, the liver index, spleen index, the percentage of necrotic area of liver tissue, the serum levels of ALT, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and the expression of apoptosis protein caspase 8/9/3 significantly decreased in the treatment group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The flow cytometry results showed that compared with normal group, the percentages of Treg and Th1 cells and Th1/Treg ratio increased in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); Compared with the model group, the percentage of Treg cells further increased (P<0.01), Th1/Treg ratio decreased significantly in the treatment group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the percentage of Th1 cells between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-dose of IL-2 can effectively improve liver injury in AIH mice, and the mechanism of action may be related to inducible Treg cell activation.

Objective To analyze the gene expression characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) using bioinformatics methods, aim to investigate the potential biomarkers and their diagnostic value of CRSwNP. Methods (1) The CRSwNP Gene expression data set was downloaded from the American Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CRSwNP patients and healthy controls were screened through data analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on the identified DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed utilizing the STRING database, and the key genes were identified by using the cytoHubba plugin. The "Cibersort" package was used to analyze the influence of key genes on common immune cells. (2) Thirty-two patients diagnosed with CRSwNP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from June 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the CRSwNP group, and 21 patients with simple deviation of nasal septum without a history of sinusitis during the same period were selected as control group. The pathological characteristics of specimens in the two groups were examined using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of key genes in CRSwNP. The levels of key proteins in plasma were detected using ELISA, and ROC curve was used to analyze its efficacy in diagnosing CRSwNP. Results (1) Analysis of three gene expression database sets (GSE36830, GSE23552, and GSE194282) showed that there were 156 DEGs in CRSwNP. GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the functions of the above DEGs were mostly related to immune functions. Key genes such as cytochrome b-245 β chain (CYBB) and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) were identified. (2) The results of HE staining revealed that the epithelial of CRSwNP tissue was metaplastic into stratified squamous epithelium with interstitial edema. Both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analyses indicated that the expression levels of CYBB and CSF1R in the CRSwNP group were significantly increased compared to control group (P<0.05). ELISA results demonstrated that CYBB [(21.20±3.00) μg/ml vs. (17.66±1.66) μg/ml, P<0.05] and CSF1 [(477.37±86.63) pg/ml vs. (370.71±66.24) pg/ml, P<0.05] in CRSwNP group were significantly increased compare to control group. ROC curve analysis showed that plasma concentrations of CYBB and CSF1 had AUCs of 0.888 (95%CI 0.802-0.974) and 0.821 (95%CI 0.711-0.931) for diagnosing of CRSwNP, respectively; their combined AUC was 0.927 (95%CI 0.851-1.000). Conclusions CYBB and CSF1R may be involved in the occurrence and development of CRSwNP. Plasma CYBB and CSF1 have high diagnostic value for CRSwNP.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of dose-surface histogram (DSH) for radiation proctitis (RP) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radiotherapy. Methods This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial included 380 PCa patients who underwent image-guided radiotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Northern University from January 2018 to January 2023. Patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=200) and control group (n=180). The rectal dose distribution of patients in the two groups was evaluated by using DSH and dose-volume histogram (DVH), respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to evaluate the predictive value of DSH for acute RP, with DVH serving as a reference. Results The difference was not statistically significant in clinical information such as age, KPS score, and body mass index (BMI) between the observation and control groups (P>0.05), as well as in acute RP incidence (P>0.05). There were significant differences in S₄₀ and V₄₀, S₅₀ and V₅₀, S₆₀ and V₆₀, S₇₀ and V₇₀, and S₇₈ and V₇₈ between the two groups (P<0.05). S₄₀, S₅₀, V₄₀, and V₅₀ showed low efficacy (P<0.001) in predicting acute RP at each level, with AUC ≤0.700. S₆₀ and V₆₀ showed moderate efficacy (P<0.001) in predicting acute RP at each level, with AUC 0.700-0.900. S₇₀, S₇₈, V₇₀ and V₇₈ showed high efficacy (P<0.001) in predicting acute RP at each level, with AUC >0.900. Conclusions The predictive value of DSH for rectal toxicity in patients with PCa is basically consistent with that of DVH. It is expected to become a novel and valuable tool for evaluating radiotherapy plans in the future.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics of prostate cancer (PCa) for bone metastases. Methods A total of 211 patients diagnosed with PCa by biopsy pathology at Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=147) and a validation set (n=64) in a 7:3 ratio. Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated from the patients' T₂-weighted imaging (T₂WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and apparent diffusion coefficient imaging (ADC) sequences to extract radiomic features. Z-score (normalization) and the LASSO algorithm were used for feature dimensionality reduction, selection, and construction. A predictive model was then built using a logistic regression (LR) machine learning classifier. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the model's performance. Calibration curves and decision curves (DCA) were plotted to evaluate the model's fit and clinical net benefit. Results Radiomic features were extracted from the tumor and peritumoral regions in each patient's T₂WI, DWI, and ADC images, with a total of 312 features from each region. The LASSO regression model ultimately identified 10 intratumoral radiomic features closely related to bone metastasis, including 2 T₂ sequence features, 7 DWI features, and 1 ADC sequence feature; and 9 peritumoral radiomic features, including 4 T₂ sequence features, 3 DWI features, and 2 ADC sequence features. The predictive model based on intratumoral radiomic features achieved an AUC of 0.845 (95%CI 0.747-0.943), while the predictive model based on peritumoral radiomic features had an AUC of 0.818 (95%CI 0.716-0.919). A combined nomogram model incorporating intratumoral features, peritumoral radiomic features, and clinical features (including Gleason score, total prostate specific antigen, and body mass index) yielded an AUC of 0.936 (95%CI 0.902-0.970). Calibration curves indicated that the combined model had good fit, and DCA demonstrated that the combined model provided better clinical net benefit. Conclusions Peritumoral radiomics has excellent predictive value for bone metastasis in newly diagnosed PCa. Combining with intratumoral radiomics features and clinical features, it significantly enhances the predictive capability of the model.

Objective To explore the correlation between gallbladder stones and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 393 patients who attended the Department of Gastroenterology of the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023. They were divided into gallbladder stones group (n=190) and control group (n=203) based on the presence of gallbladder stones. Their general clinical data, laboratory test results, and abdominal symptoms were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for gallbladder stones. Additionally, the total population was divided into SIBO-positive group (n=239) and SIBO-negative group (n=154), and their clinical characteristics were analyzed by logistic regression to explore the risk factors for SIBO. Results Univariate analysis revealed that gallbladder stones group had a higher rate of age, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glutaminase levels, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gallbladder polyps, and SIBO, as well as a higher prevalence of CH₄-positive and H₂-positive in SIBO group than control group (P<0.05). In terms of abdominal symptoms, the incidence of bad breath (48.4% vs. 35.5%), dyspepsia (38.4% vs. 28.6%), abdominal pain (30.5% vs. 14.8%), bloating (42.1% vs. 28.6%), diarrhea (20.5% vs. 7.4%), and more exhaustion (46.8% vs. 34.5%) were significantly higher in gallbladder stones group than those in control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent positive determinants for incident gallbladder stones were age, BMI, FPG, total bilirubin (TBIL), coronary heart disease, gallbladder polyps, and SIBO. Univariate analysis revealed that age, prevalence of gallbladder stones, proportion of single stones, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in SIBO-positive group than those in SIBO-negative group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for SIBO were age, coronary heart disease, and gallbladder stones, while the protective factor for SIBO was high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Conclusion There is a significant correlation between gallbladder stones and small SIBO; interventions on related factors of gallbladder stones and small SIBO may help reduce their incidence.

Objective To investigate the expression of the histone deacetylase SIRT7 in glioma cells and its impact on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), as well as its effects on proliferative, migratory and invasive capabilities of glioma cells. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was conducted on data from glioma patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases to explore the expression of SIRT7 gene in gliomas and its correlation with tumor grading, molecular characteristics and patient clinical prognosis. Glioma cells were randomly divided into control, SIRT7 knockdown, SIRT7 overexpression, drug treatment (10 μmol/L hydrochlorothiazide) and drug (10 μmol/L hydrochlorothiazide)+SIRT7 overexpression groups. The CCK-8 assay, cell scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to observe the effects of upregulating and downregulating SIRT7 expression on glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the effects of SIRT7 on the expression of neural cadherin (N-cadherin), Vimentin, E-cadherin, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Ki-67, and Smad3 protein in glioma cells. Nude mouse tumor-bearing experiments were conducted to observe the effect of SIRT7 knockdown on glioma growth. Results Higher expression levels of SIRT7 gene were associated with poorer clinical prognosis (P<0.0001). SIRT7 expression levels were significantly correlated with tumor grading and 1p19q coding status (P<0.01). Compared with normal HA cells, glioma cells showed significantly increased SIRT7 expression levels (P<0.01). CCK-8 assay results indicated that, compared with control group, the proliferation activity of glioma cells in SIRT7 knockout group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), while SIRT7 overexpression group showed significantly increased proliferation activity (P<0.01). EdU assay results showed that, compared with control group, the proportion of glioma cells in the proliferative stage was significantly decreased in SIRT7 knockdown group (P<0.01), and significantly increased in SIRT7 overexpression group (P<0.01). Western blotting results revealed that, compared with control group, the protein expression levels of TGF-β, Smad3, N-cadherin and Vimentin were significantly decreased in SIRT7 knockdown group (P<0.01), while the expression level of E-cadherin protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). SIRT7 overexpression group showed significantly increased protein expression levels of TGF‑β, Smad3, N-cadherin and Vimentin (P<0.05), and a significantly decrease in E-cadherin protein expression level (P<0.05). Scratch assay results indicated that, compared with control group, the migration ability of cells in SIRT7 knockdown group and drug group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and SIRT7 overexpression group showed significantly increased cell migration ability (P<0.05). Compared with drug group, drug+SIRT7 overexpression group exhibited significantly increased cell migration ability (P<0.01). Transwell assay results showed that, compared with control group, the migration and invasion abilities of cells in SIRT7 knockdown group and drug group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and SIRT7 overexpression group exhibited significantly increased migration and invasion abilities (P<0.01). Compared with drug group, drug+SIRT7 overexpression group showed significantly increased migration and invasion abilities (P<0.01). Nude mouse tumor-bearing assay results indicated that the volume and weight of glioma in SIRT7 knockdown group were significantly reduced compared with control group (P<0.01). Conclusions Glioma patients with high SIRT7 expression have poorer clinical prognosis. SIRT7 can regulate the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway to mediate EMT, promoting the proliferation and migration of glioma cells. SIRT7 knockdown can inhibit the growth of transplanted gliomas in nude mice.

Sebaceous glands are vital appendages of the skin, primarily functioning in the secretion of a variety of lipid substances. These lipid substances play crucial physiological roles in the body, such as participating in body temperature regulation, maintaining skin homeostasis, and modulating the immune system. Abnormalities in the function of sebaceous glands can lead to a range of skin disorders, with acne being the most common one. Acne arises from the overproduction of sebum by sebaceous gland, leading to hair follicle blockage, bacterial infection, and inflammation response. Additionally, sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare but severe malignant tumor of the skin, and its exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Organoids are closely resemble in vivo counterparts in terms of cell types, spatial structure, and function. Sebaceous gland organoids serve as an ideal platform for studying sebaceous glands and their associated diseases. This review summarizes the structure, function, homeostasis of sebaceous glands, as well as the construction and applications of sebaceous gland organoids, aiming to provide reference for research on the pathogenesis and treatment of sebaceous gland related diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-373-3p in diabetic retinopathy (DR), as well as the underlying mechanisms. Methods Serum samples from 35 DR patients and 35 non-DR patients visiting Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were collected, and expression levels of miR-373-3p and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA were detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). An in vitro DR model was constructed using high glucose (HG)-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC). HRMECs were divided into control group (5 mmol/L glucose and 25 mmol/L mannitol treatment), HG group (30 mmol/L glucose treatment), HG+miR-373-3p mimic-negative control (miR-con) group (30 mmol/L glucose treatment after transfection with miR-con), HG+miR-373-3p mimic group (30 mmol/L glucose treatment after transfection with miR-373-3p), HG+miR-373-3p+vector group (30 mmol/L glucose treatment after co-transfection with miR-373-3p and vector), and HG+miR-373-3p+vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) group (30 mmol/L glucose treatment after co-transfection with miR-373-3p and VEGFA). The expression levels of miR-373-3p, VEGFA mRNA and protein were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. CCK-8, immunofluorescence, Transwell assay, angiogenesis assay, and Western blotting were used to evaluate HRMEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis abilities. The relationship between miR-373-3p and VEGFA was determined by dual luciferase reporter assay. Results Compared with non-DR patients, DR patients exhibited significantly lower expression levels of miR-373-3p (P<0.05) and higher expression levels of VEGFA mRNA (P<0.05) in serum. Compared with control group, HG group showed decreased expression of miR-373-3p (P<0.05), increased expressions of the mRNA and protein of VEGFA (P<0.05), higher cell viability, proliferation rate, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cylin D1 protein, and numbers of migrating cells and angiogenesis ability (P<0.05) in HRMECs. Compared with HG+miR-con group, HG+miR-373-3p group showed increased expression of miR-373-3p (P<0.05), decreased expressions of VEGFA (P<0.05), lower cell viability, proliferation rate, PCNA and Cylin D1 protein (P<0.05), and lower numbers of migrating cells and angiogenesis ability (P<0.05) in HRMECs. Compared with HG+miR-373-3p+vector group, HG+miR-373-3p+VEGFA group showed increased expression of VEGFA (P<0.05), higher cell viability, proliferation rate, PCNA and Cylin D1 protein, and numbers of migrating cells and angiogenesis ability (P<0.05) in HRMECs. The results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed decreased enzymatic activity of luciferase after cotransfection of miR-373-3p and VEGFA sequence (P<0.05). Conclusion MiR-373-3p is lowly expressed in the serum of DR patients, and its potential mechanism may involve targeting VEGFA to inhibit HG-induced HRMEC dysfunction.