Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol (Res) on microglia function after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its possible mechanism. Methods (1) Animal experiment: 27 SD rats (12-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups (9 each): control group, ICH group and Res group; each group was randomly divided into three subgroups (3 each) at 6 h,24 h and 72 h after operation. Rats in ICH group were modeled by autologous blood modeling method, while in control group were only injected with needles without autologous blood injection. Rats in Res group were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/(kg.d)resveratrol on the basis of ICH group, and 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent of the same volume were injected in control group and ICH group. 6 h, 24 h and 72 h after successful modeling, the corresponding rats were subjected to modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Then the rats in each subgroup were sacrificed and their brain tissues were taken from the same area and embedded in wax blocks. The expression of TRL4, CD36, HO-1 and Nrf2 protein in rat brain tissue was observed by tissue section, HE staining,Nissl staining, TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence method. (2) Cell experiment: BV2 mouse microglia cells were divided into control group, Fe²⁺ group (FeSO₄ 10 μmol/L) and Fe²⁺+low dose resveratrol (25 μmol/L) group and Fe²⁺+high dose resveratrol(50 μmol/L) group. The expression levels of TLR4, CD36, Nrf2, p-Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins were detected by Western blotting after incubation for 24 h and 72 h, respectively, and the localization of Nrf2 protein was observed by cell immunofluorescence. Results (1) mNSS score indicated that rats in ICH group had obvious neurological dysfunction while normal in control group. mNSS score of rats was significantly higher in ICH group than in control group (P<0.01). As time went by 24 h or 72 h, mNSS score of rats reduced significantly in Res group than in ICH group (P<0.05, P<0.01). HE staining of rat brain tissue indicated that increased infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells were in ICH group, and the infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells in the brain tissue of rats in Res group was improved compared with those in ICH group. Nissl staining of rat brain tissue showed that, compared with the control group, the dissolution of nissl corpuscles in brain tissue of ICH group increased, and in Res group decreased. TUNEL staining of rat brain tissue showed that the neurocyte apoptosis index in brain tissue of rats in ICH group increased significantly compared with that in control group (P<0.05), and it was significantly lower in Res group compared with ICH group (P<0.05). The immunofluorescence of proteins indicated that the expressions of TLR4, CD36, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in rats'brain tissue in ICH group increased significantly compared with rats in control group (P<0.05). Compared with rats in ICH group,the expression of TLR4 protein in brain tissue of the rats in Res group decreased at the same time point (P<0.05), while the protein expressions of CD36, Nrf2 and HO-1 increased significantly (P<0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, the relative expression of TLR4, CD36 and HO-1 protein in BV2 cells of Fe²⁺ group increased (P<0.05), the expressions of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 increased at 72 h (P<0.05), the expression of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus increased (P<0.01); Compared with the Fe²⁺ group, the expression of TLR4 in the low dose group of Fe²⁺+Res and the high dose group of Fe²⁺+Res decreased (P<0.001), and the expression of CD36,HO-1, Nrf2, p-Nrf2 and nuclear Nrf2 protein increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of resveratrol can improve the neurological function of rats after ICH. The microglia activated by Fe²⁺ within 72 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage mainly showed pro-inflammatory function. Resveratrol may regulate Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and promote the transformation of microglia function to anti-inflammatory after ICH.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conservative and non-conventional innate T cell subsets, having the characteristics of both innate and adaptive immune cells. They have antibacterial and tissue repair functions,and are the important part of the immune system. MAIT cells are highly abundant in human liver and play a complex role in various liver diseases. Current studies have shown that the markedly reduced number of MAITs and the dysfunction of immunomodulatory effect in various liver diseases were closely related to the occurrence and progression of liver diseases. This paper mainly reviews the characteristics of MAIT cells and their latest progress in chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, and further discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the loss of MAIT cells, so as to provide some references for follow-up research.

Objective To explore the relativity of asymptomatic hyperuricemia(HUA) to lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in the middle-aged and elderly people. Methods From June 2019 to June 2020, 174 cases of epiphysically healthy middle-aged and elderly people were randomly screened from the Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for physical examination, and were divided into asymptomatic HUA group (n=58) and control group (n=116)according to the diagnostic criteria of HUA.The baseline clinical data of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and laboratory data of blood routine, uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood lipid, and Lp-PLA2 were retrospectively analyzed. Regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Results Among all the subjects, the incidence of HUA was significantly higher in women than in men (41.4% vs. 25.3%, P<0.05). The level of BMI, TG, LDL-C, Lp-PLA2 and the proportion of hypertension in asymptomatic HUA group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group by sex, the incidence of HUA is higher in asymptomatic HUA group (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high level of Lp-PLA2 could be independent risk factors of high uric acid level. After divided into three quantile by the concentration of Lp-PLA2, compared with the lowest concentration, the OR value of the highest group increasing the risk of asymptomatic hyperuricemia was 4.61(95%CI 1.807-11.76, P<0.05). Conclusion Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 could be an independent risk factor of asymptomatic HUA in middle-aged and elderly adults.

Objective To explore the effect of endoscopic radical thyroidectomy combined with parathyroid autotransplantation on the recovery of postoperative parathyroid function. Methods The clinical data of 323 patients undergoing endoscopic radical resection of thyroid carcinoma in the General Surgery Department of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into transplant group (n=171) and non-transplant group(n=152) according to whether combined with selective parathyroid. The incidence of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH),Ca²⁺ concentration and hypoparathyroidism were recorded before surgery and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery in both groups, and the PTH concentration in the elbow fossa veins of both arms were collected in the transplant patients. Risk factors for hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism was higher, while of permanent hypoparathyroidism was lower in transplant group than in non-transplant group (33.33% vs. 23.03%; 0.58% vs. 5.26%), the differences were significant (P=0.007). The PTH concentrations were significantly higher in transplant group than in non-transplant group from 1 week to 12 months after surgery with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The PTH concentration in vein of transplant side cubital fossa was significantly higher from 1 week to 12 months after surgery in transplant group than in non-transplant group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). Twelve months after surgery, PTH secretion function in transplant group and non-transplant group had recovered to 85.42% and 67.60% of preoperative baseline, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that transplantation and Hashimoto's thyroiditis were the risk factors for temporary hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery (OR=1.671, 95%CI 1.020-2.738,P=0.041; OR=1.925, 95%CI 1.138-3.259, P=0.015), and transplantation was a protective factor for permanent hypoparathyroidism(OR=0.106, 95%CI 0.013-0.857, P=0.035). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that transplantation and Hashimoto's thyroiditis were the risk factors for temporary hypoparathyroidism (OR=1.736, 95%CI 1.044-2.887, P=0.034; OR=1.903, 95%CI 1.111-3.258, P=0.019), and transplantation was a protective factor for permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR=0.101, 95%CI 0.012-0.839, P=0.034). Conclusion In endoscopic radical resection of thyroid carcinoma, parathyroid autotransplantation is an effective strategy to prevent permanent hypoparathyroidism, but can also lead to short-term postoperative hypoparathyroidism. As far as possible, selective transplantation of the inferior pole parathyroid glands with intraoperative damage or poor blood supply, based on in situ preservation of the superior pole parathyroid glands, is more conducive to recovery of postoperative parathyroid function.

Objective To investigate the targeting relationship of miR-149-5p and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and the effect of miR-149-5p on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury of rat`s cardiomyocytes. Methods Ten male C56BL/6J mice were used to construct the cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) models, and qRT-PCR was performed to detect the changes of miR-149-5p levels in the heart tissues of I/R mice. H9c2 cells cultured to logarithmic phase were divided into control group, H/R group, H/R+miR-149-5p inhibitor group, H/R+miR-149-5p NC group, H/R+miR-149-5p mimics group and H/R+miR-149-5p mimics+FGF21 group, and induced H/R model and transfection treatment. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were detected by ELISA; Cell viability was detected by MTT assay; apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; the level of miR-149-5p was detected by qRT-PCR; the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and FGF21 proteins were detected by Western blotting; the targeting relationship between miR-149-5p and FGF21 were determined by dual luciferase assay. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the level of miR-149-5p in the heart tissue of I/R mice was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with those in control group, the apoptosis rate, LDH and CK activities and Bax, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression levels of H9c2 cells in H/R group were significantly increased (P<0.05), cell viability and FGF21, Bcl-2 protein expression levels decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with those in H/R group and H/R+miR-149-5p NC group, the apoptosis rate, LDH and CK activities and Bax, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression levels of H9c2 cells in H/R+miR-149-5p inhibitor group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), cell viability and FGF21, Bcl-2 protein expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with those in H/R group, the apoptosis rate, LDH and CK activities and Bax, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression levels of H9c2 cells in H/R+miR-149-5p mimics group were significantly increased (P<0.05), cell viability and FGF21, Bcl-2 protein expression levels decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with those in H/R+miR-149-5p mimics group, the apoptosis rate, and LDH and CK activities of H9c2 cells in miR-149-5p mimics+FGF21 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), cell viability was significantly increased (P<0.05). The result of dual luciferase assay indicated the targeted regulatory relationship between miR-149-5p and FGF21. Conclusions MiR-149-5p is up-regulated significantly in the myocardial tissue of I/R mice, and negatively regulate the level of FGF21, leads to decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis of H/R-treated rat's cardiomyocytes.

Heart failure is the end stage of various cardiovascular diseases. Its pathological process is complex and regulated by many factors. With population aging intensifying, the prevalence rate of heart failure is increasing. MicroRNA (miRNA)participates in the development and growth of the body and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. In addition, miRNA could be used as a marker and a target of treatment on heart failure. In this paper, CiteSpace was used to conduct bibliometric analysis on research on miRNA and heart failure, and keyword clustering and emergence was used to judge the research frontier in this field, that is, miRNA changes participate in the regulation of myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in the occurrence and development of heart failure. It is summarized research progress on traditional Chinese and Western medicine improving heart failure by regulating miRNA.

With the burgeoning development of glycobiology, a growing body of research shows a significant relationship between the development of various diseases and polysaccharides. Glycocalyx, an important component of the vascular endothelium, has a villi-like structure and plays a highly crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. In-depth multidisciplinary studies have further revealed that the biological functions of glycocalyx are not only limited to vascular homeostasis, but are also closely related to various diseases in vivo. Foundations of glycocalyx composition and biological function, this paper reviews the latest research of glycocalyx biodegradation mechanism from the perspective of biological relevance of glycocalyx main components [heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA) and core protein] to cancer, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), trauma surgery and other diseases by visualization and molecular biology experimental methods, and intends to provide new thoughts for clinical development of novel diagnostic methods and therapeutic targets.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of up-regulating calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) on osteogenic differentiation of complex culture with porous tantalum-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods BMSCs were extracted from SD rats and cultured to the third passage, and identified by alizarin red staining and toluidine blue staining after osteogenic and chondrogenic induction. The growth and adhesion of BMSCs on porous tantalum surface were observed by fluorescence microscope. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of BMSCs cultured at different concentrations (200, 250, 300, 350, 400 μmol/L) of GdCl₃ for 1-5 d, and the optimal concentration was selected. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the intracellular calcium distribution after activation of CaSR. The third-generation of BMSCs were divided into control group (with osteogenic induction medium), GdCl₃ group (with osteogenic induction medium containing 300 μmol/L GdCl₃), porous tantalum group (with domestic porous tantalum material, with osteogenic induction medium) and GdCl₃+porous tantalum group (with domestic porous tantalum material, with osteogenic induction medium containing 300 μmol/L GdCl₃). At the 7th day of culturing, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured in each group. On the 7th, 14th and 21st day of culturing, the protein secretion levels of type I collagen (ColⅠ) and osteopontin (OPN) were detected by ELISA, and the protein expression levels of ColⅠ, OPN, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Homer 1 were detected by Western blotting. Results Alizarin red and toluidine blue staining showed that the isolated and extracted cells were BMSCs; CCK-8 assay showed that 300 μmol/L GdCl₃-treated cells had the highest activity (P<0.05); confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the intracellular calcium content was significantly increased after activation of CaSR (P<0.05). ALP activity on day 7 and relative expression levels of ColⅠ, OPN, Runx2 and Homer1 protein on days 7, 14 and 21 in GdCl₃ group, porous tantalum group and GdCl₃+porous tantalum group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). ALP activity and relative expression levels of ColⅠ, Runx2 and Homer1 protein on day 7 were higher in GdCl₃+porous tantalum group than those in GdCl₃ group and porous tantalum group; relative expression levels of ColⅠ, OPN, Runx2 and Homer1 protein on day 14 were higher than those in GdCl₃ group; relative expression levels of ColⅠ, OPN, Runx2 and Homer1 protein on day 21 were higher than those in porous tantalum group, the secretion levels of ColⅠ on days 7, 14, and 21, and OPN on days 7 and 21 were higher than those in GdCl₃ group, porous tantalum group and GdCl₃ + porous tantalum group (P<0.01). The secretion levels of ColⅠ on day 21 and OPN on day 14 in GdCl₃ group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The secretion of OPN protein was higher in GdCl₃ group than in control group on the 21st and 14th day of culture (P<0.05). Conclusions After co-culture of porous tantalum with BMSCs, up-regulation of CaSR may promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating the expression of Col I, Runx2 and OPN.

Objective To analyze the correlation between inflammatory index and respiratory failure (RF) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods The clinical data of 169 patients with IPF admitted in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2019 to October 2021 were collected, and then divided into the group with respiratory failure (RF group, n=84) and the group without respiratory failure (non-RF group, n=85) according to the arterial blood gas analysis. The clinical data such as blood routine and biochemical data were collected for comparison between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to screen the possible risk factors of RF in IPF patients; Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between multiple inflammatory indicators and between PaO₂ level and inflammatory indicators; The diagnostic value of inflammatory indicators was analyzed in IPF patients complicated with RF by using the ROC curve. Results NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) and PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio) were significantly higher in RF group than in non-RF group, while LMR(lymphocyte to monocyte ratio) were significantly lower than those in non-RF group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis was conducted on NLR, PLR, LMR and CRP, PCT and PaO₂ levels in all patients, it was indicated that NLR, PLR were positively correlated with CRP and PCT (P<0.05), while LMR was negatively correlated with CRP and PCT (P<0.05), moreover, there was a negative correlation between NLR and PaO₂ level (P<0.05), and a positive correlation between LMR and PaO₂ level (P<0.05). Logistic multifactor regression analysis suggested that smoking and increased NLR were independent risk factors for RF in IPF patients. ROC analysis indicated that NLR and LMR could be effectively used in diagnosis of IPF complicated with RF, and the area under the curve was 0.738(95%CI 0.663-0.812) and 0.736(95%CI 0.660-0.812), respectively.PLR had limited diagnostic value for IPF complicated with RF, and the area under the curve was only 0.629(95%CI 0.545-0.714), while the combined diagnostic ability of NLR, PLR and LMR was higher than the three single indexes, and the area under the curve was 0.760(95%CI 0.689-0.832). Conclusions Elevated NLR is an independent risk factor for RF in IPF patients. NLR, PLR, LMR and their combination have certain diagnostic value for IPF patients complicated with RF, and the combined diagnostic ability of the three is better than the three single indicators alone.

Objective To investigate the effect of laryngeal and endotracheal surface anesthesia on cough reflex during extubation after excision of supratentorial tumors, and observe its safety. Methods Forty patients were recruited in present study who underwent supratentorial tumor resection under general anesthesia in the Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital from March 2021 to March 2022. The patients were randomly divided into tetracaine group (n=20) and control group (n=20). Patients in tetracaine group were uniformly sprayed 2 ml of 2% tetracaine on the bilateral vocal cords, epiglottis and trachea with an atomized laryngeal anesthetic tube before intubation, and patients in control group received no such treatment Anesthesia management was the same in the both groups. Cough score during extubation, NRS score for throat pain after extubation, NRS score for incision pain, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were recorded at 3 min after arterial intubation (T₀), before tracheal intubation (T₁), 30 s after pulling the cuff after intubation (T₂), and when the patient is conscious enough to pull out the tracheal intubation (T₃), and the occurrence of hoarseness, swallowing and coughing after extubation. Results Five patients in each group were excluded. The cough score was significantly lower in tetracaine group than in control group (0.4±0.6 vs. 2.6±0.5). Their difference was –2.2 (95%CI –2.5, –1.9), lower than the valid assumed value –1.8. NRS score of throat pain in tetracaine group was significantly lower than control group after extubation [2(0, 2) vs. 4(3, 4.5), P<0.001]. However, no statistically significant difference existed between the two groups in NRS scores of incision pain [3(2, 3) vs. 3(2.5, 3.5), P=0.705]. The MAP was significantly lower in tetracaine group than in control group at T₃ [(90.87±13.37) mmHg vs. (102.8±11.52) mmHg, P=0.014]; At T₀-T₃, there was no significant difference in heart rate between the two groups (P>0.05). No side effects such as hoarseness, swallowing and coughing occurred in both groups after operation. Conclusion Before tracheal intubation in patients undergoing supratentorial tumor resection, laryngeal and endotracheal surface anesthesia with 2% tetracaine could reduce the degree of choking during extubation, relieve pharyngeal pain after extubation, the blood pressure was more stable and no serious adverse reaction was found.