Surgery and resuscitation are the core capabilities of combat casualty care. Early treatment should be carried out within 3 hours, and divided into two phases, emergency treatment and surgical resuscitation, emphasizing the capability building of resuscitation and surgery. This paper interprets the capability requirements of the early casualty care level. According to the domestic and international progress in the care of civilian trauma and combat casualty, the relationship between "surgery" and "resuscitation" in the early treatment level of combat casualty, and the key technological progress are summarized, indicating that only the coordinated development of surgery and resuscitation ability and mutual support can provide safe, standardized and efficient treatment and reduce the death rate of the combat casualties.

Objective To observe the effects and possible mechanism of exposure to high altitude environment on liver function in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into plain group, plateau 1-month group, plateau 2-month group and plateau 4-month group (12 each). Rats in plain group were fed at an altitude of about 500 m for 1 month, and in the plateau groups were fed in a simulated chamber of high altitude (5000 m) for 1 month, 2 months and 4 months, respectively. Serum and liver tissue were collected at the end of the model. The contents of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured with automatic biochemical analyzer. The pathological morphology of liver tissue was observed by HE staining. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in liver tissue were measured by ELISA. The ultra structural changes of hepatocytes were observed by transmission electron microscope. The relative expressions of autophagy associated proteins LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with the plain group, the serum levels of ALT, AST and TBIL significantly increased in the plateau 2-month group (P<0.05); compared with the plateau 2-month group, the serum levels of ALT, AST and TBIL significantly decreased in the plateau 4-month group (P<0.05). HE staining showed that the lobule structure of liver tissue in each group was clear without obvious inflammatory infiltration, cell edema or necrosis. The results of transmission electron microscope showed that the number of autophagy corpuscles in hepatocytes of rats was significantly higher in plateau 1-month group and plateau 2-month group than in plain group, and was significantly lower in plateau 4-month group than in plateau 2-month group. Western blotting and ELISA results showed that the relative expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein increased significantly, while the GSH and SOD levels decreased significantly in plateau 1-month group and plateau 2-month group than in the plain group (P<0.05); the relative expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein significantly decreased, and the levels of GSH and SOD significantly increased in plateau 4-month group than in plateau 2-month group (P<0.05), but no significant differences compared with those in plain group(P>0.05). Conclusion In the process of adapting to hypobaric and hypoxic environment, abnormal changes of liver function indexes of rats occurred, the mechanism may be related to the changes of oxidative stress level and autophagy of hepatocytes.

Objective To explore the effect of hsa-microRNA-203-3p (miR-203) targeted-regulating Cullin2 (CUL2) on the biological characteristics of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) positive cervical cancer cells. Methods A total of 10 patients underwent cervical cancer screening from September 2018 to September 2019 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. HPV genotyping was performed as single HPV16 positive, and pathological examination showed cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Ten corresponding paracancer normal tissue samples were collected as control group. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of miR-203 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues, cervical cancer cell line (SiHa) and human immortal keratinocyte line (HaCaT) cells. GO and KEGG enrichment were applied to analyze the functions and pathways miR-203 involved. The regulatory relationship between miR-203 and CUL2 were verified via TargetScan website and dual luciferase reporter assay. The miR-203 mimics or inhibitor were transfected into SiHa cells to establish cell models of high and low expression of miR-203,and the expressions of CUL2 mRNA and protein were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The proliferation, migration and apoptosis of SiHa cells were assessed by CCK-8, scratch assay and Annexin V-APC/PI double staining, respectively. Results Results of qRT-PCR indicated that, compared with the corresponding adjacent tissues and HaCaT cells, the relative expression level of miR-203 decreased obviously in both cervical SCC tissues and SiHa cells (P<0.01). The results of GO and KEGG enrichment methods showed that miR-203 was widely involved in the ubiquitination process and the signaling pathways involved in the malignancies. TargetScan website and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the targeting regulatory relationship existed between miR-203 and CUL2 (P<0.01). qRT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that overexpression of miR-203 reduced the expressions of CUL2 mRNA and protein (P<0.05 or P<0.01); While low expression of miR-203 up-regulated the expressions of CUL2 mRNA and protein (P<0.01). CCK-8, scratch experiments and Annexin V-APC/PI double staining method confirmed that overexpression of miR-203 decreased proliferation rate and migration rate of SiHa cells (P<0.01), and elevated cell apoptosis rate (P<0.05). In contrast, low expression of miR-203 increased the proliferation rate and migration rate of SiHa cells (P<0.01), and reduced the apoptosis rate(P<0.01). Conclusion The miR-203 might suppress the biological characteristics of HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells SiHa by targeting CUL2, and it was expected to become a new candidate gene in diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

Objective Use aspirin to induce mouse inflammatory bowel disease model, and investigate whether Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-GHB1756 can alleviate this type of enteritis injury. Methods A total of 40 male BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old) was randomized into four groups: control group, aspirin group, LA low-dose group, and LA high-dose group. Except for the control group, the remaining groups were given 0.5 mg/(100 g·d) aspirin solution by gavage for eight weeks to induce inflammatory bowel disease. The LA low-dose and high-dose groups received an additional 2000 cfu/(100 g·d) and 10 000 cfu/(100 g·d) of LA-GHB1756 bacterial liquid, respectively. Accordingly, the control and aspirin groups received the same volume of normal saline through gavage. We then monitored the mouse's body weight, defecation status, hair color, and other conventional indicators, colon macroscopic and pathological staining. We used ELISA to detect intestinal tissue MPO content, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. We employed Western blotting to detect intestinal tissue NF-κB p65 expression levels. Results The general observation of mice in each group showed that LA-GHB1756 could improve the diarrhea, hair, and mental status of aspirin-induced mice. In the 8th week, the body weight of mice in the aspirin group was (21.6±0.5) g. The body weight was statistically significantly improved in the LA low-dose and high-dose groups, which were (22.8±0.4) g and (23.1±0.3) g, respectively (P<0.05). The colon morphology and pathological results showed that LA-GHB1756 could alleviate intestinal mucosal edema and inflammation caused by aspirin in mice. The colon length of mice in the aspirin group was(5.80±0.43) cm, and the colon length of low-dose and high-dose LA groups was (6.17±0.15) cm and (6.50±0.26) cm, respectively. This length improvement was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of MPO content in intestinal tissues showed that aspirin group was (95.90±11.34) pg/mg, the MPO content in LA low-dose group and LA high-dose group were (76.03±8.72) pg/mg and (51.40±9.12) pg/mg respectively, which was significantly decreased compared with aspirin group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of serum TNF-α and IL-6 expression showed that the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in aspirin group were (238.75±17.80) pg/mg and (292.00±15.51) pg/mg, respectively, while those in LA low-dose group were (207.75±12.04) pg/mg and (250.25±11.50) pg/mg, respectively, LA high-dose group were (80.25±10.24) pg/mg and (108.50±13.38) pg/mg, respectively. Compared with aspirin group, TNF-α and IL-6 contents in LA low-dose group and LA high-dose group were statistically significantly decreased (P<0.05). The expression of NF-κB p65 was increased up to 5.07 fold in aspirin group when compared with control group. This level was statistically significantly decreased to 83.74% and 82.95% in LA low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion LA-GHB1756 can relieve intestinal inflammation in mice caused by aspirin, this effect may be related to the inhibition of MPO and NF-κB p65 expression in intestinal tissue.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of homocysteine on apoptosis and proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Methods Cardiomyocytes were stimulated with homocysteine at the concentration of 3 mmol/L for 24 h. Cells were divided into control group and homocysteine group (Hcy group). Western blotting was detected the expression of TLR4,Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), NF-κB, p-NF-κB, the expression of apoptosis related proteins Bax, cleaved-caspase-3 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2; Flow cytometry was detected the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocyte, EdU staining was observed the proliferation of cardiomyocytes. After TLR4 interference fragment was transfected into cardiomyocytes, the interference fragment was verified by Western blotting. The cells were transfected with si-NC or si-TLR4 and treated with Hcy. Western blotting was detected the expression of MyD88, NF-κB and p-NF-κB, the expression of apoptosis related protein and anti-apoptosis protein in cardiomyocytes; The apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was detected by flow cytometry; The apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was observed by EdU staining. Results Compare with control group, Western blotting showed that TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB significantly increased in Hcy group (P<0.01); The expression of apoptosis related proteins Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 increased and the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased (P<0.01); Compared with si NC+Hcy group, the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB decreased (P<0.01), the expression of apoptosis related protein decreased (P<0.01), and the expression of anti-apoptosis protein increased in si-TLR4+Hcy group (P<0.01); Compare with control group, the results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes increased in Hcy group (P<0.01); Compared with si-NC+Hcy group, the apoptosis rate of si-TLR4+Hcy group decreased (P<0.01). Compared with control group, EdU staining showed that the number of positive cells decreased in Hcy group (P<0.01); Compared with si-NC+Hcy group, the number of positive cells increased in si-TLR4+Hcy group (P<0.01). Conclusion Hcy can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of cardiomyocytes, the mechanism may have something to do with TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective The novel μ opiate receptor (MOR) antagonists with biological activity was searched based on computer aided drug design method. Methods The MOR was employed as the target protein, and the Glide module of Schrodinger software was used to virtually screen the numerous compounds included in ZTNC-15 open source compound database. According to the molecular docking score, skeleton structure, binding mode and compound acquisition, one compound that may be as an antagonist was selected. The anti-fentanyl-induced acute death model of mice and the experiment of improving fentanyl-induced respiratory depression of rats were used to evaluate the biological activity of A₆ against MOR. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation method was employed to analyze the possible mechanism of MOR-A₆ interaction. Results The molecular docking score of compound A₆ was comparable to that of naloxone. The results of animal experiments showed that the LD₅₀ value of fentanyl-induced death of mice in A6 prevention administration group [13.2(95%CI 12.0-14.5) mg/kg] was 1.3 times and higher than that in model group [10.5(95%CI 9.6-11.5) mg/kg], and the mortality of mice in experimental group was significantly lower than that in model group (P<0.05); Compared with model group, the carotid oxygen saturation (SaO₂) of rats in A₆ prevention administration group increased significantly at 15, 20 and 25 min after fentanyl injection (47.91%±3.17% vs. 62.63%±4.14%, 52.99%±3.92%vs. 69.57%±3.17%, and 58.16%±2.45% vs. 77.10%±4.93%, P<0.05). Molecular dynamics simulation of A₆ and MOR showed that ASP147 amino acid residue of A₆ is consistent with the predicted results of molecular docking, and has a large contribution on binding free energy. Conclusions A novel compound A₆ has obtained by virtual screening which could effectively antagonise fentanyl-induced acute toxic death in mice and improve fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in rats. The mechanism may be related to the hydrogen bond formation of ASP147 amino acid residue with MOR.

Objective To explore the cumulative metabolic indicators and the related risk factors for restenosis after intervention of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO). Methods Data were collected of 110 patients with arterial occlusive symptoms of low limbs who admitted to the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Army Characteristic Medical Center, Army Medical University from January 2007 to July 2021 and met the criteria. All patients underwent low limbs interventional surgery and were followed up for more than 2 years. CT angiography (CTA) and ultrasound of both low limbs arteries were performed 2 years after surgery to clarify whether restenosis occurred and, based on the results of CTA and ultrasound, patients were divided into restenosis group (n=37) and non-restenosis group (n=73). The patients' basic information, pre- and post-operative hematological indices at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years were collected to compare and analyze the differences in basic clinical information, baseline values of metabolic indices (X_baseline) and cumulative exposure values (X_cum) between patients in the restenosis group and non-restenosis group, and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for post-interventional revascularization in patients with LEASO. Results The incidence was 33.6% of restenosis 2 years after intervention in patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. The percentage of patients with smoking, the percentage of patients with Pan Atlantic Collaborative Group (TASC) typeⅡ (hereafter referred to as TASC type Ⅱ) C or D femoropopliteal artery lesions(hereafter referred to as TASC typeⅡ), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cumulative hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP_Cum), cumulative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C_Cum), and cumulative triacylglycerol (TG_Cum) were significantly higher in restenosis group than those in non-restenosis group (P<0.05). The percentage of patients with regular postoperative use of antiplatelet agents and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were significantly lower than those in non-restenosis group (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (OR=4.158, P=0.040), TASC Ⅱ typing (OR=4.3, P=0.036), hs-CRP_Cum (OR=1.160,P=0.013), LDL-C_Cum (OR=2.313, P=0.003), and TG_Cum (OR=1.668, P=0.015) were the risk factors for restenosis 2 years after surgery, and regular postoperative use of antiplatelet drugs was a protective factor (OR=0.038, P=0.000). Conclusions Smoking,TASC Ⅱ typing, hs-CRP_Cum, LDL-C_Cum, and TG_Cum were the risk factors for restenosis of blood vessels after intervention in patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease. The regular use of postoperative antiplatelet drugs was a protective factor. Continuous smoking cessation, intensive lipid lowering, and anti-inflammation are the key factors to reduce the occurrence of postoperative restenosis, and early intervention of vascular lesions (TASC A-B) has better long-term effects.

Objective To analyze the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL), and then review the relative of AMKL. Methods Retrospectively study the clinical data of 14 AMKL patients admitted to Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University from January 2016 to May 2021, analyze and discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of AMKL patients, and search domestic or foreign literature for the literature review at the same time. Results A total of 14 AMKL patients were included in present study, including 6 children [4 males and 2 females, with a median age of 2 years (13 months to 6 years)]; 8 adult patients [5 males and 3 females, with a median age of 57 (19-78) years]. The clinical manifestations of the patients were mainly non-specific symptoms of blood diseases. All patients underwent bone marrow biopsy, and a large number of primitive megakaryocytes were seen under the microscope. Except for 2 patients with incomplete flow immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular biology tests, all the remaining 12 patients had megakaryocyte antigens (CD41, CD61, CD42b) expression, accompanied by genetic or molecular biology abnormalities. Except for 1 patient who survived after bone marrow transplantation and 1 patient who was lost to follow-up, the remaining 12 patients died, the median survival time was 5.5 (0–21) months. A total of 249 cases of AMKL patients in mainland of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) were reported from 2002 to 2022,of which 16 cases were transformed by other hematological tumor diseases: 6 cases were transformed by chronic myeloid leukemia(CML), 4 cases were transformed by myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 3 cases were transformed by myelofibrosis (MF), 2 cases were transformed by primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and 1 was transformed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Among the 249 AMKL patients, 24 survived and 225 died. Most of the causes of death were disease progression, recurrence after chemotherapy or transplantation, severe infection, and fatal hemorrhage. Conclusions AMKL is rare and has an extremely poor prognosis with lack of specificity in clinical manifestations. It is helpful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AMKL by the results of bone marrow routine and pathology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, molecular biology and electron microscopy. Clinical trials should be the first choice for the treatment of AMKL, correspondingly, close monitoring of measurable residual disease (MRD),and the remission induction chemotherapy combined with epigenetic drugs and targeted therapy may benefit patients. In addition,AMKL patients should undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplant as soon as possible after the first complete remission induced by standard chemotherapy, which will maximize the prognosis of patients.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Rhubarb on vascular endothelial cell function in the sepsis patients. Methods We carried out a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled study based on 41 patients with sepsis who admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the 908th Hospital of PLA. The patients were randomly divided into Rhubarb treatment group (n=20) and control group (n=21). Blood samples were collected before, 24 h and 72 h after the medication. Conventional coagulation tests [prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, thrombin time (TT), fibrin degradation products (FDP), D-dimer, antithrombin (AT-Ⅲ), platelet count, platelet distribution width] and coagulation molecular markers including thrombomodulin (TM), tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex (t-PAIC), thrombin- antithrombin complex(TAT), plasmin-α₂ antiplasmin complex (PIC) were detected and statistically analyzed. Results The fibrinogen level [(3.5±1.0) g/L] at the 72 h after administration in Rhubarb treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group [(2.7±0.8) g/L] and Rhubarb treatment group before administration [(2.7±0.9) g/L] (P<0.05). Compared with the serum TM [19.0(15.5,22.6) TU/ml] and t-PAIC [15.4(9.7, 20.9) ng/ml] levels before treatment in control group, the TM [27.3(20.8, 31.2) TU/ml] and t-PAIC [22.2 (15.5, 38.6) ng/ml] at the 72 h after administration in control group significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with TM [27.3(20.8, 31.2) TU/ml] and t-PAIC [22.2(15.5, 38.6) ng/ml] of control group, the TM [13.2(10.9, 18.0) TU/ml] and t-PAIC [9.2(7.3, 23.1) ng/ml] at the 72 h after administration in Rhubarb treatment group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with the serum TM [19.7(17.1, 23.4) TU/ml] levels before treatment and the TM [18.6(15.3, 21.1) TU/ml] at the 24 h after administration in Rhubarb treatment group, the TM at the 72 h after administration were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in 14-day survival rate between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Chinese Rhubarb can down-regulate TM and t-PAIC levels and improve vascular endothelial cell function in patients with sepsis.

Objective To investigate the effects of different arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) on regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO₂) in robot assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) in children. Methods Forty-five children who received RALP in Pediatric Urology Department of the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from February 2019 to February 2020 were selected as the study subjects, by adjusting tidal volume and respiratory rate maintained PaCO₂ at 35-45 mmHg (group N), 30-34 mmHg (group M) and 25-29 mmHg (group L) with 15 patients in each group. Before anesthesia (T₀), 10 min after endotracheal intubation (T₁), before lateral decubitus surgery (T₂), 30 min after pneumoperitoneum(T₃), 10 min after pneumoperitoneum (T₄), and 10 min after recumbent position (T₅), rScO₂ of affected side, percutaneous pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pharyngeal temperature (T), pH and hemoglobin (Hb)were recorded respectively. Arterial blood was extracted for blood gas analysis, and PaCO₂ was recorded, operation time was recorded after operation. Results Compared with T₀, rScO₂ in the three groups was increased significantly at T₁, and decreased significantly at T₃ in group L (P<0.05); compared with T₂, rScO₂ in group L at T₃ was significantly lower (P<0.05); compared with T₃, rScO₂ in group L was increased significantly at T₄ and T₅ (P<0.05). Compared with group N, rScO₂ in group L was decreased significantly at T₃ (P<0.05). Two-factor ANOVA showed that there was no interaction between group and pneumoperitoneum at T₂ and T₃, T₃ and T₄ in the three groups (P>0.05); compared with T₂, rScO₂ at T₃ in group L was significantly lower (P<0.05); compared with T₃,rScO₂ at T₄ in group L was significantly increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in SpO₂, HR, MAP, T, pH and Hb among the threes groups at each time point of T₀-T₅. Conclusion Pneumoperitoneum resulted in a significant decrease in rScO₂ on the affected side when PaCO₂ was within 25-29 mmHg during pediatric RALP and the risk of the cerebral oxygen supply-demand unbalance increased.

Nuclear transcription factor TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a DNA/RNA binding protein commonly expressed and highly conserved in evolution. In physiological state, TDP-43, when localized mainly in nucleus and cytoplasm (no more than 30%), may play a physiological role, such as participating in mRNA transcription, splicing, translation, transport and maintaining the stability of mRNA, while its mislocalization in mitochondria might play a corresponding pathological role. Recent researches found that, in addition to produce a marked effect in neurodegenerative diseases, TDP-43 also plays an important role in the pathological process of tumors, male infertility, osteoarthritis (OA) and other diseases. Therefore, the gene expression, subcellular organelle translocation, function and the relationship with diseases of TDP-43 have attracted more and more attention. The research progress of pathological effects of TDP-43 has been reviewed in present paper, so as to provide more help for diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

It is a common phenomenon that the working ability of the people from moderate temperature areas generally decreases after entering high temperature areas, while heat acclimatization can improve the heat tolerance of human. This review summarized the molecular mechanism of the formation of heat acclimatization and the specific key markers produced after heat acclimatization from the perspectives of physiological function, biochemical metabolism and epigenetics. In addition, Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) strategy in exploring the main genetic differences among people with different heat adaptation was also discussed. Heat acclimatization changes the sensitivity of central and peripheral thermal effectors, reduces heart rate and increases stroke volume by regulating myocardial autonomic nerve tension to reduce endogenous heat production and accelerate exogenous heat dissipation. Heat acclimatization enhances the secretion of H₂O and sodium retention hormones such as aldosterone and arginine vasopressin and the enrichment of NaCl in diet, which expands the plasma volume to maintain cardiovascular stability. The transcriptional activity of heat shock protein (HSP) and the calcium release of mitochondrial respiratory chain increases after heat acclimatization, in which HSP70 is a potential key genetic marker to distinguish between those with good heat adaptation (hot zone soldiers, firefighters, athletes, etc.) and those with poor heat adaptation. Moderately high concentration of Na⁺, Cl^–, Ca²⁺ and low concentration of K⁺ in plasma can help to enhance heat tolerance and promote the formation of heat acclimatization, which can be used as potential markers for the study of heat acclimatization. Furthermore, heat acclimatization effect in the population has great heterogeneity. How heat acclimatization enhances human's heat tolerance and the balance between the plasticity of this heat tolerance and congenital genetic and acquired epigenetic modification need to be further explored.

Dystonia is a type of movement disorder disease characterized by abnormal movements and postures, which seriously affects patients' social life and quality of life. However, there are certain difficulties in positioning judgment of early intervention, efficacy analysis and prognostic evaluation at present. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI)is an advanced technique for measuring the brain's spontaneous nerve activity at rest. It is widely used in the study of dystonia due to its advantages of non-invasiveness, simplicity and ease of use, and diverse analysis methods. Studies have shown that dystonia is not simply a basal ganglia dysfunction, but a neural network disorder. This article briefly describes the principle and clinical application of rs-fMRI, focusing on the research progress of rs-fMRI in various dystonia diseases, which will help to further understand the pathogenesis of focal dystonia to provide functional imaging basis for the development of more effective therapeutic drugs.

Sepsis and its development of multiple organ dysfunction pose a serious threat to human life and health. Sepsis is a hot issue that experts in the critical field are committed to solve. It is a heterogeneous, infection-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome based on endothelial dysfunction, and it is still a huge burden on the global health system. As a well recognized immune cell, the endothelium is the primary site of attack by pathogens, toxins, or endogenous injury signals, which cause activation of endothelial cells and consequently damage to their function or structure. Although the latter may help to eliminate the infection and limit the dissemination of the infection to some extent, the excessive and persistent inflammatory response will also lead to a subsequent storm of cytokine and organ damage, causing irreversible damage to the organism. Glycocalyx is the first barrier on the surface of endothelial cells, it is also the first line of defence for endothelial cells under attack in sepsis, which has a great significance on endothelial function. Many studies have found that a variety of immune inflammatory responses involving the glycocalyx also play a key role in the development of sepsis. This review will give a brief overview of the factors, mechanisms and various treatments targeting glycocalyx injury in sepsis at present.

Glioma is of the most common malignant tumors in the central nervous system. The prognosis of patients is poor, and its effective treatment has always been a major clinical challenge. In tumor cells, genetic instability often leads to a large number of mutations. The expression of nonsynonymous mutations can produce tumor-specific antigens, called neo-antigens, which have high immunogenicity. They could activate specific T cells to produce an immune response and become a new tumor immunotherapy target. Among the tumor vaccines targeting neo-antigens, the mRNA tumor vaccine has obvious advantages: easy access, low cost, high safety, and great stability. Therefore, a neo-antigen mRNA vaccine is likely to become an effective treatment for glioma. At present, some clinical trials have proved the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines. This article reviews the research progress of the neo-antigen tumor mRNA vaccine and its application in glioma therapy, and predict the direction of future research.