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Objective To observe the effects and possible mechanism of exposure to high altitude environment on liver function in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into plain group, plateau 1-month group, plateau 2-month group and plateau 4-month group (12 each). Rats in plain group were fed at an altitude of about 500 m for 1 month, and in the plateau groups were fed in a simulated chamber of high altitude (5000 m) for 1 month, 2 months and 4 months, respectively. Serum and liver tissue were collected at the end of the model. The contents of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured with automatic biochemical analyzer. The pathological morphology of liver tissue was observed by HE staining. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in liver tissue were measured by ELISA. The ultra structural changes of hepatocytes were observed by transmission electron microscope. The relative expressions of autophagy associated proteins LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with the plain group, the serum levels of ALT, AST and TBIL significantly increased in the plateau 2-month group (P<0.05); compared with the plateau 2-month group, the serum levels of ALT, AST and TBIL significantly decreased in the plateau 4-month group (P<0.05). HE staining showed that the lobule structure of liver tissue in each group was clear without obvious inflammatory infiltration, cell edema or necrosis. The results of transmission electron microscope showed that the number of autophagy corpuscles in hepatocytes of rats was significantly higher in plateau 1-month group and plateau 2-month group than in plain group, and was significantly lower in plateau 4-month group than in plateau 2-month group. Western blotting and ELISA results showed that the relative expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein increased significantly, while the GSH and SOD levels decreased significantly in plateau 1-month group and plateau 2-month group than in the plain group (P<0.05); the relative expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein significantly decreased, and the levels of GSH and SOD significantly increased in plateau 4-month group than in plateau 2-month group (P<0.05), but no significant differences compared with those in plain group(P>0.05). Conclusion In the process of adapting to hypobaric and hypoxic environment, abnormal changes of liver function indexes of rats occurred, the mechanism may be related to the changes of oxidative stress level and autophagy of hepatocytes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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