Objective To explore the influence of music intervention guided by soundscape theory on procedural pain⁃related behaviors and electroencephalogram characteristics in neonates. Methods A total of 96 term neonates undergoing radial artery blood sampling in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary grade A general hospital in Guangzhou city from April to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into control group and intervention group by the envelope method,with 48 cases each.Based on the soundscape theory,the intervention group received 50 dB of soothing music starting 5 minutes before radial artery puncture until 10 minutes after needle withdrawal, while the control group received 0 dB of soothing music over the same period.The Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain score,heart rate,and blood oxygen saturation,and electroencephalogram(EEG) before,during,and after arterial puncture were compared between the two groups. Results Compared to the control group,the intervention group showed significantly lower pain scores at 90 and 120 s after puncture(P<0.05),higher oxygen saturation at 120 s after puncture(P<0.05),and a smaller difference in EEG amplitude changes before and after puncture(P<0.05). Conclusions Music intervention guided by soundscape theory could relieve pain,improve blood oxygen saturation fluctuations,and decrease the amplitude of EEG physiological changes in neonates.

Objective To understand the postoperative health distress of liver transplant patients,and to establish the core domains of the liver transplantation⁃specific patient⁃reported outcome measurement system. Methods From June 2023 to June 2024,a research group was set up.A first draft of core domains was initially formed through literature analysis,patient interviews,and content analysis of medical records.Through Delphi expert consultation,the suitability of each field was evaluated and revised from the importance of each field and the degree of suitability for patient self⁃report two aspects,to form patient⁃reported outcomes measurement system⁃liver transplantation core domains. Results A total of 19 experts were consulted.100% of questionnaires were returned in the three rounds of correspondence.The authority coefficients of the experts were 0.91.The Kendall's harmony coefficients in each round were 0.423,0.192,and 0.205 respectively.The coefficients of variation for each evaluation concept were 0.08⁃0.42,0.13⁃0.39,and 0.05⁃0.20.After three rounds of consultation,the core domains of self⁃reported outcome measurement for liver transplant patients were finally clarified,including physiological health,psychological health,social health and overall health four dimensions,covering 22 measurement concepts. Conclusions The core domains of self⁃reported outcome measurement for liver transplant patients established are scientific and reasonable,which could help promote the establishment of a liver transplant specific patient⁃reported outcome measurement system.

Objective To explore the application effect of multi-component exercise combined with nutritional intervention based on interactive achievement theory in elderly diabetes patients complicated with sarcopenia. Methods A total of 124 elderly diabetes patients complicated with sarcopenia treated in a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanxi province from August to December,2023 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into test group and control group by random number table method.62 cases each.The control group received routine nursing measures.The test group received the multi⁃component exercise combined with nutrition intervention constructed by the research group.Calf circumference,grip strength,physical function,muscle mass,and quality of life between two groups were compared before intervention and at 3 and 6 months after intervention. Results After intervention,the test group had better grip strength,calf circumference,physical function,muscle mass,and quality of life than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions The multi-component exercise combined nutrition intervention based on interactive achievement theory was scientific and reliable.The application of this program could effectively improve the related indicators of sarcopenia in elderly diabetes patients complicated with sarcopenia,improve the quality of life of patients,and provide useful reference for clinical nursing practice.

Objective To explore the key components of long-term care insurance policy in China to provide insights for enhancing the formulation and implementation of future policy documents. Methods Utilizing the TF⁃IDF word vector model to conduct text mining research on over 1 600 Chinese long-term care insurance policy documents from the CLIP Database. Results Using multidimensional scaling analysis,the policy text content was sorted out three policy threads:political promotion,service models and content,and standard formulation. Conclusions The government needs to innovate institutional supply,encourage data-driven provision,and enhance crisis learning awareness.

Objective To explore grip strength change trajectory of community⁃dwelling elderly people and its relationship with cognitive function. Methods Based on the grip strength and cognitive function data of community⁃dwelling elderly people from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) in 2011,2013,and 2015,group⁃based trajectory model(GBTM) was used to establish the grip strength change trajectory of community-dwelling elderly people.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between grip strength trajectory and cognitive function. Results A total of 1 245 community⁃dwelling elderly people were included.GBTM analysis results showed that there were four grip strength trajectories among community⁃dwelling elderly people:extremely low level group,low level group,medium level group,and high level group.Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that after adjusting for confounding factors,compared to the extremely low level group,the grip strength of elderly people in the low level group,medium level group,and high level group were positively correlated with their cognitive function;The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting cognitive function using grip strength trajectory was 0.622(95%CI 0.587⁃0.657). Conclusions The grip strength trajectory of community-dwelling elderly people could be divided into four categories:extremely low level group,low level group,medium level group,and high level group,which have certain predictive value for the cognitive function of community⁃dwelling elderly people.Low grip strength in the elderly is a risk factor for cognitive decline.Therefore,early identification of the development trajectory of grip strength in the elderly is particularly important.

Objective To summarize the best evidence for hammock positioning nursing in preterm infants,and to provide an evidence-based foundation for clinical practice. Methods Following the "6S" evidence model,related literature were searched from NGC,GIN,NICE,QCG,BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,JBI,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,EMbase,CINAHL,CBM,CNKI,WanFang Data,and websites of relevant associations such as the World Prematurity Association,RANO,and International Neonatal Society.The retrieval period spanned from the establishment of the database to August 3,2024.The AGREE Ⅱ,AMSTAR 2,and JBI evaluation tools were used to assess the quality of the literature,which was then graded according to the JBI evidence grading system. Results A total of 12 articles were included,comprising 2 guidelines,5 systematic reviews,2 evidence summaries,and 3 randomized controlled trials.Totally 21 pieces of evidence were extracted from six aspects:assessment of hammock position,training and guidance,timing of hammock care,production and installation of hammocks,placement of hammock positions for premature infants,physiological monitoring and safety management during hammock care. Conclusions This study provided high⁃quality evidence-based support for the clinical implementation of hammock position nursing for premature infants,which helps to standardize nursing practice.Through continuous optimization of clinical practice,hammock position nursing is expected to become an important means to improve the quality of premature infant care.

Objective To test the reliability,validity and cross⁃group measurement invariance of the Treatment⁃Induced Neuropathy Assessment Scale. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 392 patients in the inpatient and outpatient departments of tumor-related departments of 2 tertiary grade A hospitals in Tianjin and Nanchang from March to July 2024. Results The Chinese version of TNAS included 9 items and 2 subscales.The critical ratio t value of each item was 14.169⁃20.374(P<0.001).The correlation coefficient r between the score of each item and the total score of the scale was 0.690⁃0.845(P<0.001).Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) supported the two⁃factor model,and each indicator reached the ideal fitting standard.The factor loading of each item of the scale was 0.776⁃0.900.The CR of the two subscales were 0.910 and 0.912 respectively.The AVE were 0.629 and 0.778 respectively.The absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the two subscales was 0.574.The Chinese version of TNAS showed a positive correlation with EORTC QLQ⁃CIPN 20(r=0.460,P<0.001).The Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of the TNAS was 0.910.The Cronbach's α coefficients of the two subscales were 0.912 and 0.915 respectively.The retest reliability was 0.802.The Chinese version of the TNAS had measurement invariance across groups in the equivalence test(P>0.05). Conclusions The Chinese version of the TNAS has good reliability,validity and measurement invariance across groups,and could be used to identify the severity of neuropathy in various cancer treatments.

Objective To explore the application effect of analgesia and sedation nursing based on eCASH concept in neurosurgical critically ill patients. Methods A purposive sampling method was used to select 68 patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit from January to December 2022 as study subjects.All cases were divided into control group of 33 cases and test group of 35 cases.The control group received routine analgesic and sedative nursing,while the test group received analgesia and sedation nursing based on the eCASH concept.The analgesic and sedative treatment effects,intracranial pressure,mechanical ventilation time,neurosurgical intensive care unit hospitalization time and cost,muscle strength recovery,and incidence of complications between the two groups of patients were compared. Results After intervention,the test group patients had a lower dosage of analgesic and sedative drugs,shorter recovery time after stopping sedatives,shorter hospitalization time in mechanical ventilation and neurosurgery intensive care unit,and lower incidence of complications/adverse events compared to that of the control groups patients(P<0.05).Muscle strength recovery was better than that of the control group cases(P<0.05).The time to achieve sedative goals was longer than that of the control group patients(P<0.05). Conclusions Based on the eCASH concept,analgesia and sedation nursing could help improve the effectiveness of analgesia and sedation treatment for patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit,reduce intracranial pressure,shorten mechanical ventilation and hospitalization time in neurosurgical intensive care unit.It could reduce the occurrence of complications/adverse events,and promote the recovery of patients' muscle strength as well.

Objective To construct an upper limb exercise program after permanent pacemaker implantation,providing reference for early exercise rehabilitation. Methods Literature on upper limb exercise intervention after permanent pacemaker implantation were searched.Through literature research and discussions within our research group,an initial pool of project items was formed.And expert inquiry questionnaire was compiled.Using the Delphi method,15 experts were subjected to 2 rounds of inquiry to screen for project items. Results A total of 22 articles were included.The effective recovery rates of both rounds of inquiry was 100%.And the expert authority coefficient was 0.93.The Kendall harmony coefficients for item importance and feasibility were 0.275⁃0.467 and 0.211⁃0.438,respectively(P<0.05).The upper limb exercise program after permanent pacemaker implantation constructed in this study included 4 primary items,15 secondary items,and 44 tertiary items. Conclusions The upper limb exercise program for permanent pacemaker implantation constructed in this study has strong clinical practicality and could provide reference for clinical practice.

The rules for the allocation of the burden of proof in medical care damage disputes directly affect the outcome of the judgment and are closely related to the interests of the parties.In medical care damage litigation,according to the current substantive law,the burden of proof of the perpetrator,the result of the damage,fault and the facts of the causal relationship is borne by the patient.However,due to the subjectivity of fault facts and the complex professionalism of causal relationships,patients face difficulties in proving fault and causal factors.In order to solve the above problems and reduce the burden of proof on patients,this paper localized the theory of apparent proof and the theory of loss of opportunity,and proposes a mitigation scheme for the burden of proof in medical care damage disputes.