To study the effects of moxibustion method of “warming Yang and dredging vessels” on the morphology and function of mitochondria and the level of apoptosis in ApoE^-/- atherosclerosis（AS）mice, and to explore the mechanism of prevention and treatment of AS.

Twenty-two 8-week-old SPF-grade male ApoE^-/- mice were randomly allocated into the model group and the moxibustion group, each comprising 11 mice, and the mice were placed on a high-fat diet to establish the atherosclerosis model. Eleven C57BL/6J mice formed the control group and were administered the standard chow. The intervention commenced on the initial day of the modeling for each group, with only the control and model groups being restricted, while the mice in the moxibustion group were positioned at “Danzhong（RN17）”, “Shenque（RN8）” and “Neiguan（PC6）”（bilaterally）. The mice in the moxibustion group received moxibustion at “Danzhong（RN17）”, “Shenque（RN8）”, “Neiguan（PC6）”（bilaterally）and “Xuehai（SP10）”（bilaterally）, administered daily for 30 minutes, five times per week. The samples were collected 12 weeks after intervention. The levels of serum triglyceride（TG）and total cholesterol（TC）were quantified by using an enzymatic assay, while the levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）were assessed by a colorimetric test. The utilization of hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining facilitated the examination of the pathological morphology and the structure of the thoracic aorta in mice. The transmission electron microscopy was utilized to analyze the morphology of mitochondria in the thoracic aorta, and the whilst flow cytometry（JC-1）was used to evaluate the mitochondrial membrane potential in the thoracic aorta. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential（MMP）were assessed by using JC-1. The cytochrome C（Cyt C）protein expression in the thoracic aorta was examined through immunofluorescence staining and the protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the thoracic aorta were measured by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.

Compared with those of the control group, the levels of serum TC, TG and LDL-C of mice in the model group were significantly higher（P < 0.01）and HDL-C levels were significantly lower（P < 0.01）. The thoracic aortic structures in mice showed intimal thickening, endothelial cell degeneration, swelling and detachment, and the foam cells were seen. The mitochondria were massively swollen and the number of cristae was greatly reduced. Mitochondrial membrane potential levels were significantly reduced（P < 0.01）. The Cyt C protein levels were significantly higher in thoracic aortic tissue（P < 0.01）. The protein expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly higher（P < 0.01）, and the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly lower（P < 0.01）.

“Warming Yang and dredging vessels” moxibustion prevents and treats AS by improving the morphology and function of mitochondria and reducing the level of apoptosis.

To establish a rapid and effective identification method for different aged Baixianpi（Dictamnus dasycarpus）products based on odor differences using electronic nose technology.

The Baixianpi（Dictamnus dasycarpus）odor data was obtained by using the electronic nose technology. The precise classification and recognition of Baixianpi（Dictamnus dasycarpus）samples of different ages were carried out through PCA, LDA, Loadings analysis, KNN, SVM, discriminant analysis, ensemble classifier and neural network classifier.

The radar chart and Loadings analysis results were consistent, and five sensors, W5S, W1S, W1W, W2S and W2W, have significant responses to the Baixianpi（Dictamnus dasycarpus）odor. PCA cannot effectively distinguish Baixianpi（Dictamnus dasycarpus）of different ages. LDA can effectively distinguish Baixianpi（Dictamnus dasycarpus）samples of different ages, but some samples showed overlap. Among the five classification models, SVM, discriminant analysis and ensemble classifier all achieved the classification accuracy of over 90%, with ensemble classifier being the best classification model with an accuracy of 98.9%.

This study establishes a Baixianpi（Dictamnus dasycarpus）age discrimination model based on electronic nose technology, which can provide methodological references for the age identification of other traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

To explore the genetic association between hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus using the Mendelian randomization（MR）method, and to clarify the potential mediating role of circulating inflammatory factors in the relationship between them.

Public Genome-wide association study（GWAS）data was used. The hyperlipidemia data was obtained from GCST90475724（including 436 724 cases, with 17 425 cases of hyperlipidemia）. The T2DM data was from a study by Loh PR and other authors on 468 298 European individuals. The inflammatory factor data was derived from the plasma proteome study by TRAYLOR M（91 analyzable inflammatory factors were screened out）. A two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the total effect between hyperlipidemia and T2DM. A two-step MR method was used for mediation analysis. First, the causal effect of hyperlipidemia on inflammatory factors was determined, and then the impact of inflammatory factors on T2DM was assessed, so as to quantify the direct effect and mediating effect. For the selection of instrumental variables single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）, a significant association criterion of P < 5 × 10^-8 was adopted. Linkage disequilibrium screening（R² < 0.001, threshold of 10 000 kb）and F-statistic（> 10）were used to ensure the validity of instrumental variables. The inverse variance weighting（IVW）was used as the main analysis method, supplemented by sensitivity analyses such as maximum likelihood method, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO to verify the robustness of the results.

There was a significant association between hyperlipidemia and T2DM（OR = 1.748, 95% CI = 1.013-3.015, P = 0.044）, and there was no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Mediation analysis found that 7 inflammatory factors were associated with T2DM. Among them, fibroblast growth factor 21（FGF21, OR = 1.595, P = 0.009）was a risk factor, and fibroblast growth factor 19（FGF19, OR = 0.807, P = 0.001）was a protective factor. Further analysis showed that interleukin-4（IL-4, OR = 1.089, P = 0.012）and FGF19（OR = 0.863, P = 0.043）might act as mediating factors and participate in the causal pathway from hyperlipidemia to T2DM.

This study reveals the genetic causal relationship between hyperlipidemia and T2DM, confirms the mediating role of specific inflammatory factors in the association between the two. At the same time, traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in the treatment of both diseases, providing genetic evidence and important means for preventing or treating T2DM by regulating inflammatory factors.

To explore the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of Jiawei Zexie Decoction（加味泽泻汤, JWZXD）on endothelial injury in hyperlipidemia through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB（PI3K/AKT/NF-κB）pathway.

Thirty 4-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group（n = 6）and a modeling group（n = 24）. The modeling group was fed a high-fat diet for 20 weeks to establish a hyperlipidemia model. The 24 successfully modeled rats were then randomly divided into four groups：the model group, the JWZXD standard dose group, the JWZXD high-dose group, and the atorvastatin calcium group. After 4 weeks of drug intervention, the body weight, four blood lipid parameters［total cholesterol（TC）, triglyceride（TG）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）］and endothelial function-related indicators［endothelin-1（ET-1）, nitric oxide（NO）］were detected, and the aortic tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin（HE）to evaluate the therapeutic effect of JWZXD on endothelial injury in hyperlipidemia. Subsequently, the network pharmacology analysis was conducted to further explore the pharmacological mechanisms at play. The active components and targets of JWZXD were predicted using the TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction, HERB, ETCM and BATMAN databases. The targets related to hyperlipidemia and endothelial dysfunction were retrieved from the GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET and TTD databases. Venn diagrams, protein-protein interaction（PPI）networks and enrichment analysis were employed to identify mechanism pathways. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR）was used to detect the mRNA expressions of PI3K, AKT1, NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF in each group and Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the expression levels of endothelial injury pathway-related proteins p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT and NF-κB.

Compared with the normal group, the model group showed increased levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and ET-1（P < 0.01）, and decreased levels of HDL-C and NO（P < 0.05, P < 0.01）. Network pharmacology analysis identified 29 active ingredients in JWZXD, including 24-acetyl alismol A, kaempferol, alismol A, alismol B, alismol C and atractylenolide I. After PPI network and topological analysis, 62 core targets such as IL-6, AKT1, TNF, IL-1B and STAT3 were identified. Enrichment analysis using the DAVID platform mainly identified 156 signaling pathways, including the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, lipids and atherosclerosis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. Animal experiment results showed that compared with the model group, JWZXD down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT1, NF-κB, IL-6, TNF, etc., and up-regulated the protein expression levels of endothelial p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT and AKT（P < 0.05, P < 0.01）while down-regulated the protein expression of NF-κB（P < 0.05, P < 0.01）.

JWZXD has a good effect on lowering blood lipids, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and protecting vascular endothelial function. Its mechanism may be achieved through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

To achieve the co-delivery of water insoluble anti-tumor herbal components and enhance their anti-tumor efficacy, the natural polyphenolic compounds curcumin（Cur）and quercetin（Que）were co-assembled into curcumin-quercetin nanoparticles by carrier-free drug self-assembly technology.

The organic solution containing Cur and Que was added to an aqueous system by a drug liquid-phase self-assembly method to finally prepare curcumin-quercetin nanoparticles（Cur-Que NPs）. The morphology, particle size, phase properties and the stability of Cur-Que NPs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray powder diffraction（XRPD）and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. The self-assembly mechanism of Cur-Que was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）. The cytotoxicity of Cur-Que NPs on 4T1 cells was investigated by MTT assay. A 4T1 tumor-bearing mice model was established to study the combined anti-tumor efficacy of Cur-Que NPs in vivo.

The prepared Cur-Que NPs were amorphous and spherical with the particle size at（44.33 ± 12.18）nm. The lyophilized-treated Cur-Que NPs also remained spherical and the particle size was（44.53 ± 10.08）nm in SEM, indicating that the Cur-Que NPs had good stability. From the SEM, XRPD and DSC results, the morphology, particle size as well as existing forms of the lyophilized Cur-Que NPs remained unchanged for 6 months of storage at room temperature away from light, indicating that the Cur-Que NPs had good physical stability. From FTIR result, hydrogen bonding interaction was the driving force for the self-assembly of Cur-Que. Compared to other treatment groups, the Cur-Que NPs group showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity（P < 0.001）. Also, the Cur-Que NPs group had the most significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth compared with the Cur API group or the Que API group（P < 0.05）.

Carrier-free Cur-Que NPs for self-assembly could achieve co-delivery for drugs and significantly improve anti-tumor efficacy.

To prepare exosomes（Exos）derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells（HucMSC）loaded with Forsythoside A（FTA）, and investigate their mechanism of action on acute lung injury（ALI）based on the sphingosine-1-phosphate（S1P）/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B1（AKT1）signaling pathway.

HucMSC-Exos were extracted, FTA-Exos were prepared, and characterized through Malvern particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscope and Western blot（WB）experiments. The drug loading of FTA-Exos was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. An ALI cell model was constructed by stimulating human bronchial epithelial cells（BEAS-2B）with lipopolysaccharide（LPS）, and the cells were divided into a control group, a model group, an FTA group and an FTA-Exos group. The uptake effect of FTA-Exos by BEAS-2B cells was observed using laser confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）in cells from each group. WB experiments were performed to detect the expression levels of S1P, PI3K and AKT1 proteins in cells of each group.

The particle size and morphology of HucMSC-Exos and FTA-Exos both conformed to the biological characteristics of exosomes, and they positively expressed the marker proteins heat shock protein 70（HSP70）, tumor susceptibility gene 101（TSG101）and cluster of differentiation 81（CD81）. The drug loading of FTA-Exos was（8.11 ± 0.36）%. FTA-Exos could be effectively taken up by BEAS-2B cells, and the fluorescence intensity was significantly enhanced at 4 hours. Compared with those in the control group, the levels of ROS and the expressions of S1P, PI3K and AKT1 proteins were significantly increased in the ALI cell model group（P < 0.01）. In comparison with those in the model group, the levels of ROS and the expressions of S1P, PI3K and AKt1 proteins were significantly decreased in both the FTA group and the FTA-Exos group（P < 0.05, P < 0.01）.

The study successfully prepared FTA-Exos and demonstrated that they can regulate ALI cell models by affecting ROS levels and the S1P/PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway, providing new ideas for the development and application of FTA in the treatment of ALI.

To study the effect of Dingchuan Decoction（定喘汤）on TCM syndrome score and airway function in children with cough variant asthma（wind-heat attacking lung syndrome）.

A total of 120 children with cough variant asthma（wind-heat attacking lung syndrome）treated in the hospital from October 2023 to February 2024 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with montelukast sodium, and the observation group was treated with Dingchuan Decoction on the basis of the control group. The course of treatment in both groups was 2 months. The efficacy, TCM syndrome scores, airway function parameters, inflammatory factors and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.

The total effective rate of the observation group was 98.33%, which was significantly higher than 86.67% of the control group（P < 0.05）. After treatment, the scores of main TCM syndromes of asthma, cough and expectoration, chest tightness and irritability, red tongue and yellow moss in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the above scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group［（1.84 ± 0.33）points, （2.01 ± 0.75）points, （1.62 ± 0.28）points, （1.83 ± 0.26）points vs（2.40 ± 0.56）points, （2.42 ± 0.68）points, （2.05 ± 0.31）points, （2.04 ± 0.39）points］（P < 0.05）. After treatment. The percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1%）, forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC exhaled（FEF50）and forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC exhaled（FEF75）were significantly increased. The above indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group［（85.24 ± 7.91）%, （1.86 ± 0.46）L/s, （0.91 ± 0.20）L/s vs（82.30 ± 6.55）%, （1.69 ± 0.37）L/s, （0.82 ± 0.15）L/s］（P < 0.05）. After treatment, the levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）, interleukin（IL）- 17 and IL-23 in the two groups were significantly decreased. The above indexes in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group［（7.08 ± 1.12）mg/L, （67.38 ± 7.89）ng/L, （21.36 ± 2.70）ng/L vs（10.31 ± 1.67）mg/L, （71.41 ± 6.59）ng/L, （26.08 ± 2.59）ng/L］（P < 0.05）. No serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups.

Dingchuan Decoction has a significant effect on children with cough variant asthma（wind-heat attacking lung syndrome）. It can more effectively alleviate various TCM syndromes, reduce the airway inflammation and improve the airway function. It is safe and worthy of application.

To optimize the process conditions for extracting polysaccharides from Yejiaoteng（Tuber Fleeceflower Stem）using water extraction and alcohol precipitation method.

Water extraction and alcohol precipitation were used to extract polysaccharides from Yejiaoteng（Tuber Fleeceflower Stem）, and a three-factor experiment was conducted. On this basis, a Box Benhnken（BBD）response surface experiment was designed, integrating the experimental results and fitting the data. A fitting model was established for the degree of influence between factors and response values, and its water extraction and alcohol precipitation process were optimized. And it preliminarily characterized the structure of its polysaccharides and determined their antioxidant activity.

The optimal extraction conditions for water extraction and alcohol extraction of polysaccharides from Yejiaoteng（Tuber Fleeceflower Stem）were a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶22.11（g/mL）, reflux time of 129 min 36 s, 3 times. The average extraction rate of 5 times was 4.324%, which was close to the system＇s predicted value of 4.313%. After PMP derivatization and HPLC analysis, the results showed that the polysaccharides of Yejiaoteng（Tuber Fleeceflower Stem）were mainly composed of Man, Rha, Glc and Gal, with a molar ratio of 29.87∶3.36∶51.25∶39.98. The infrared spectrum showed characteristic peaks of polysaccharides at 3420, 1600, 1000 cm^-1. The clearance rates of polysaccharides（Y-TD）on DPPH and ABTS free radicals were 78.2% and 85.4%, respectively.

Box-Behnken response surface design optimization of water extraction and alcohol precipitation extraction process is stable and reliable, and can be used to extract polysaccharides from Yejiaoteng（Tuber Fleeceflower Stem）with antioxidant activity.

To investigate the effect of Modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction（香砂六君子汤加减）on the precancerous lesions of chronic atrophic gastritis and the levels of gastric mucosal related factors.

A hundred patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with deficiency of spleen and stomach treated in Jinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2021 to April 2024 were randomly divided into control group and combination group, with 50 cases in each group. After admission, the patients of two groups were instructed to have a light diet, avoid spicy and stimulating foods, and pay attention to rest. The control group was treated with folic acid combined with Weifuchun Tablets（胃复春片）, and on the basis of the above, Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction was treated with a course of 4 weeks for 3 consecutive courses. After treatment, TCM syndrome scores, clinical total effective rates, gastroscopy pathological scores and adverse reactions during treatment as well as the changes of gastric mucosal related factors nitric oxide（NO）, recombinant P-selectin（SELP）, leukocyte endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1（LECAM-1）and endothelin-1（ET-1）were compared between the two groups.

（1）TCM symptom score：After treatment, all symptom scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment（P < 0.05）, and the combination group was better than the control group in improving TCM symptom scores of stomachache, belching, lethargy, loose stool, shortness of breath, fatigue and fatigue（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in improvement of epigastric fullness between the two groups（P > 0.05）.（2）Clinical efficacy：The total clinical effective rate of the combination group was 94.00%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group（72.00%）, and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）.（3）Gastroscopy pathological score：After treatment, the gastroscopy pathological scores of the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment（P < 0.05）, and all the gastroscopy pathological scores of the combination group were decreased compared with those of the control group（P < 0.05）.（4）After treatment, the levels of NO, SELP, LECAM-1 and ET-1 in two groups were lower than those before treatment（P < 0.05）. The reduction in the combination group was more significant than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）.（5）Adverse reactions：The incidence of adverse reactions during treatment in the combination group was 8.00%, which was lower than that in the control group（14.00%）, but the difference was not statistically significant（P > 0.05）.

Xiangshan Liujunzi Decoction has a certain therapeutic effect on patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with deficiency of spleen and stomach, which can improve the total effective rate and the pathological status of patients, inhibit the secretion of NO, SELP, LECAM-1 and ET-1, regulate the inflammatory microenvironment of gastric mucosa, and plays a role in protecting gastric mucosa.