Quercetin enteric nanoparticles were prepared by electrostatic spray technology, and the preparation process was optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology.

The ethanol solution of quercetin/Eudragit L100 (1∶1, w/w) was prepared using Eudragit L100 as an enteric coating material. The effects of solution concentration, electrostatic spray voltage, spraying speed and receiving distance on the particle size were investigated. On the basis of single factor test results, the optimal process parameters were selected by central composite design-response surface methodology. The nanoparticles were evaluated by scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The equilibrium solubility and dissolution of quercetin nanoparticles were determined in the solution of pH 1.2 and pH 6.8.

The optimum preparation conditions are Quercetin/Eudragit L100 concentration of 0.48%, spray voltage of 29.9 kV, spray speed of 0.44 mL·h^-1 and receiving distance of 23.18 cm. The prepared enteric nanoparticles were spherical with an average diameter of (251.1±7.8) nm. The results of X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis showed that quercetin was amorphous in nanoparticles. The equilibrium solubilities of quercetin enteric nanoparticles were 1.069 and 6.827 μg·mL^-1 in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 solution, respectively, and the dissolutions of quercetin enteric nanoparticles at 2 h were 15.1% and 83.9% in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 solution, respectively.

Quercetin enteric nanoparticles prepared by electrostatic spraying had a good enteric effect.

To analyze the clinical medication characteristics of zedoary turmeric oil injection based on real world data, and to provide reference for its clinical rational medication.

Based on the data of 894 cases treated with zedoary turmeric oil injection extracted from the HIS system of 12 hospitals in China, the general data and medication status of the patients were described and analyzed by using frequency analysis method. The visual correlation analysis of the original diseases and combined medication status of 894 patients was carried out by using VOSviewer software and python program.

Among 894 patients who were administered zedoary turmeric oil injection, the frequency of upper respiratory tract infection was the highest, and the overall effective rate of treatment was 99.55%. Among the 894 cases, 11.52% were over the prescribed dropping rate, and 3 cases of adverse reactions were reported. In the aspect of combined use of zedoary turmeric oil injection, the solvent is mainly 5% glucose injection (73.60%), and it is mostly combined with Reduning injection and ambroxol hydrochloride injection.

zedoary turmeric oil injection has important application value in the treatment of respiratory and digestive system-related diseases. However, there are occasional mild adverse events, which may be related to the non-standard infusion operation. The existing data is limited, and the effectiveness and safety of zedoary turmeric oil injection in clinical application still need to be further improved. The reevaluation of the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine injection should be strengthened after being listed. Also, higher quality evidence support should be provided for the clinical rational use of traditional Chinese medicine injection such as zedoary turmeric oil injection.

To assess the current situation of rational use of proprietary Chinese medicines in emergency department.

Subject search was carried out by using "rational drug use" OR "prescription analysis" OR "prescription review" AND "Chinese patent medicine" OR "traditional Chinese medicine injection" OR "injection" AND "emergency" in CNKI database, and all literatures from the establishment of the database to August 1, 2022 were sorted by literature source, publication year, author and institution. The literature was classified by region, age distribution of the study population, and irrational drug use, and bibliometrics was used to evaluate the rational use of proprietary Chinese medicines in emergency department.

A total of 121 literature published in 65 journals were included. The research on the rational use of proprietary Chinese medicines in emergency department was on the rise, and researchers in East China were relatively more concerned about the rational use of proprietary Chinese medicines in emergency department. The total number of prescriptions in the included literature was 1 160 273, including 15 815 irrational prescriptions. Among them, non-conformant prescriptions, inappropriate prescriptions and extraordinary prescriptions accounted for 21.16%, 57.53% and 10.79%, respectively. The total number of emergency prescriptions of proprietary Chinese medicines for children (or infants) was 32 179, and the number of unreasonable prescriptions was 2 211. Among them, non-conformant prescriptions, inappropriate prescriptions and extraordinary prescriptions accounted for 16.46%, 30.48% and 50.57%, respectively. The irrational drug use in children mainly involved heat-clearing and expectorant Chinese patent medicines, and the irrational drug use was mainly off-label. The elderly in the emergency department mainly used proprietary Chinese medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and the irrational drug use mainly involved repeated administration and inappropriate combination medication. The adverse reactions of proprietary Chinese medicines mainly involved skin tissue and digestive system symptoms, and related irrational drug use conditions included unsuitable combination medication, repeated medication, and unsuitable injection vehicles (or unsuitable route of administration or dosage form).

The number of studies on the rational use of proprietary Chinese medicines in the emergency department is limited and the quality is not high. In the future, it is urgent to formulate guidelines for the clinical use of proprietary Chinese medicines that are more suitable for emergency department, optimize the evaluation criteria, and lay the foundation for effectively promoting the rational and standardized application of proprietary Chinese medicines in the emergency department.

To discuss the problem and current situation of the use of Chinese patent medicine based on literature of prescription analysis and prescription review in the past four years.

Literature of prescription analysis and prescription review from January 2019 to July 2022 was obtained by searching the CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases. After two times of screening, the proportion of irrational use of Chinese patent medicine in the selected literature, the irrational use of Chinese patent medicine in different regions, hospitals, and that of medicines with different efficacies, and the influencing factors of irrational use of Chinese patent medicine were analyzed.

A total of 66 articles were included. The overall irrational rate of Chinese patent medicine prescription was 4.91%. Among them, Hainan, Xinjiang, and Shanghai had the highest proportion of irrational use, which were 22.08%, 18.03% and 11.98%, respectively, while the proportions of irrational use of Chinese medicine in other regions were less than 10%. Irrational prescription in tertiary hospitals was the lowest, accounting for 4.36%, in secondary hospitals for 7.99%, and in primary community hospitals for 12.55%. Irrational use of drugs for oncology accounted for 10.94%, rehabilitation 10.55%, cardiovascular 7.09%, gynecology 5.30%, and irrational drug use in other departments was less than 5%. Among the Chinese patent medicines with various effects, the proportion of irrational use of medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis was the highest, which was 18.85%. Irrational use of Chinese patent medicine for regulating qi and relieving pain accounted for 10.38%, while the irrational use of other types of Chinese patent medicine accounted for less than 10%. Improper usage and dosage, inappropriate drug selection and inappropriate indications were the most common problems in the use of proprietary Chinese patent medicines, with a cumulative proportion of more than 60%.

The problem of irrational use of Chinese patent medicine shows an inversely proportional relationship with the hospital grade. Chinese patent medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis has the highest frequency of irrational use. Usage and dosage, selection of drugs, and indications may be the main factors affecting the rational use of Chinese patent medicines. The rational use of Chinese patent medicine still needs to receive more attention from medical institutions and clinicians at all levels, and corresponding guidelines and norms are needed for standardized drug use.

To explore the main active components, potential targets and mechanisms of Polygonatum in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by using network pharmacological techniques and methods.

The active components of Polygonatum were screened in TCMSP. AD-related targets were retrieved from GeneCards database, TTD database and DrugBank database. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to establish the "yellow essence-component-target" network, which was imported into STRING database to obtain the target PPI network. Key genes were screened using "CytoHubba" function, and GO biological process and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed.

β-Sitosterol, baicalin, diosgenin and other active components in Polygonatum may exert an effect of prevention and treatment of AD through AKT1, CASP3, TP53, VEGFA, HIF1, mTOR and other key gene targets to regulate neurodegenerative pathways, including various diseases, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and apoptosis signaling pathway.

Polygonatum may regulate and integrate multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways to achieve prevention and treatment of AD.

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ginkgo biloba preparation combined with western medicines in the treatment of depression.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were electronically retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, Pubmed and Cochrane Library according to the preset inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. A total of 242 articles were retrieved. Through reading topics, abstracts, and full texts, 12 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were finally included for the analysis. The data extraction and Meta-analysis were conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software.

The clinical efficacy of ginkgo biloba preparation combined with western medicines in the treatment of depression was superior to the western medicine routine treatment group, OR=2.48, 95%CI (1.77, 3.45), P<0.000 01. At the same time, the combined application of Ginkgo biloba extract could reduce the HAMD scale score and improve depressive symptoms, MD=-3.22, 95%CI (-4.25, -2.19), P<0.000 01.

Compared with the western medicine routine treatment group, the ginkgo biloba preparation treatment can improve depressive symptoms, lower the HAMD score, and reduce the adverse reactions of western medicines.