Combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine: western medicine can resist secondary infection and treat local symptoms, while traditional Chinese medicine has broad-spectrum antivirus, overall conditioning and promote tissue regeneration.

Western medicine therapy takes effect quickly but the overall adjustment is weak, while Chinese medicine therapy emphasizes the overall adjustment but takes effect relatively slowly.The combination of the two can complement each other, accelerate rehabilitation, reduce recurrence and reduce the use of antibiotics.

The organic combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine can synergize and improve the cure rate, which is an effective way to prevent and control the disease.

Based on the current development of intensive dairy farming in Daxing District, Beijing, and in response to the requirements of low-carbon agricultural development, this study aimed to accurately characterize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from intensive dairy farms, explore low-carbon development pathways for dairy farming, and optimize manure management methods, thereby providing practical support for emission reduction and carbon sequestration in the dairy industry.

Following the Monitoring Technical Specification for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock Enterprises (Organizations) (T/LCAA 004—2020) issued by the Beijing Low-Carbon Agriculture Association, this study collected baseline data from two demonstration dairy farms in Daxing District using a combination of questionnaire surveys, telephone interviews, and on-site discussions. Taking Beijing Sunlon Agriculture Chuanghui Dairy Farm as a typical case, a standardized accounting method was applied to accurately calculate and analyze GHG emissions across various stages of dairy production.

In 2021, the total GHG emissions from Chuanghui Dairy Farm were 11 750.13 t CO₂e, with emission intensity per ton of raw milk at 1.464 t CO₂e/t. Methane emissions from manure management (5 775.54 t CO₂e, accounting for 49.15%) and enteric fermentation (4 333.70 t CO₂e, accounting for 36.88%) were the primary emission sources. Together, these two methane emission sources accounted for 86.03% of total emissions, while emissions related to energy consumption were relatively low.

GHG emissions from intensive dairy farms are mainly concentrated in manure management and enteric fermentation. Optimizing manure treatment methods, improving feed composition, and promoting clean energy alternatives are key strategies for achieving low-carbon development in the dairy industry and meeting emission reduction and carbon sequestration goals.

To investigate the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on production performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of dairy cows, and to provide theoretical basis for improving dairy cattle breeding efficiency and health management.

Seventy-two cows with similar first litter, milk production and body condition were selected and randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON), low-dose group (APS 1.5), medium-dose group (APS 3.0) and high-dose group (APS 4.5).The control group was fed the basal diet, and the other three groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 g/kg Astragalus polysaccharide, respectively.The pre-experimental period lasted 15 d, and the formal experimental period lasted 60 d.during which milk production, milk composition, antioxidant indicators and immune indicators were monitored and analyzed.

Milk production in the APS 3.0 group was significantly improved, milk protein rate, milk fat rate and dry matter content were improved, and somatic cell number was significantly reduced; serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly reduced in each experiment group; The immunoglobulin IgA and IgM contents in the astragalus polysaccharide-supplemented groups were significantly increased, while the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content was significantly decreased, with the medium-dose group showing the optimal effect.

Astragalus polysaccharide cansignificantly improve the production performance of dairy cows, enhance antioxidant capacity and immune function, among which 3.0 g/kg addition has the best effect and has high application value in breeding.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with methionine dipeptide on milk yield, milk composition, and milk protein production in dairy cows, providing experimental evidence for the application of methionine dipeptide in dairy farming.

A total of 120 healthy Chinese Holstein cows were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, with 60 cows per group and 5 replicates per group. The control group was fed a conventional basal diet, while the treatment group received the basal diet supplemented with 50.0 mg/kg of methionine dipeptide. The experimental period lasted 70 days. During the experiment, milk yield, feed-to-milk ratio, somatic cell count, and milk protein content were measured for both groups.

The treatment group showed a significantly lower feed-to-milk ratio compared to the control group (P<0.05), and the average daily milk yield and peak milk yield were highly significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The milk protein percentage in the treatment group was increased by 30.77% compared to the control group (P<0.01), while somatic cell count was reduced by 75.79% (P<0.01). The content of β-lactoglobulin in milk was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of α-casein, β-casein, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulin were highly significantly increased (P<0.01). The κ-casein content was highly significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in milk urea nitrogen, lactose, milk solids, or milk fat content (P>0.05).

Supplementation of the basal diet with 50.0 mg/kg of methionine dipeptide can significantly enhance the lactation performance of dairy cows, improve milk quality, increase milk protein-related indicators, and reduce somatic cell count in milk, thereby exerting a positive effect on the healthy management of dairy cows.

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different concentrations of Parabacteroides distasonis F4 on growth performance, body measurements, and digestive metabolism in pre-weaning Holstein heifer calves.

Thirty-six healthy Holstein heifer calves aged 3~6 days were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CON) administered 20 mL of saline daily; low-dose group (PDL) administered 2×10⁹ CFU of F4 bacterial solution daily; high-dose group (PDH) administered 2×10¹⁰ CFU of F4 bacterial solution daily. All treatments were administered before morning feeding. The experiment lasted 70 days, with growth performance and body size indicators of the calves measured at 35 and 70 days, and digestive and metabolic experiments conducted one week before weaning.

Compared with CON, no significant differences were observed in dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) in the treatment groups, although numerically, both PDL and PDH showed higher values than CON. For body measurements, no significant differences were detected in any indicators, but numerical increases were noted in the treatment groups. The digestion and metabolism trial revealed no significant differences in apparent digestibility of nutrients among groups; however, numerically, the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was higher in the treatment groups than in CON.

Parabacteroides distasonis F4 may improve nutrient digestion and absorption in suckling Holstein heifer calves, thereby promoting growth. This study provided a preliminary reference for the application of microbial agents in young ruminants.

To investigate the effects of fermentation time on the physicochemical properties, sensory quality, and antioxidant activity of highland barley-based yogurt, in order to determine the optimal fermentation process.

Different fermentation times (6, 7, 8, 9, 10 h) were set to systematically evaluate the yogurt's pH value, titratable acidity, water holding capacity (WHC), rheological properties, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis were also conducted for comprehensive assessment.

As fermentation time increased, the pH value continuously decreased, while titratable acidity increased. The WHC and rheological properties reached their optimum at 7 hours. The total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates) increased with fermentation time and peaked at 10 hours. Sensory evaluation showed that the 7 h fermentation sample achieved the highest overall scores in color, texture, flavor, and taste.

The optimal fermentation time for highland barley plant-based yogurt is 7 hours, as it achieves a balance between excellent physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and sensory acceptability.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different reagents for substrate preparation on the detection of plasmin in dairy products, with the goal of establishing an accurate and stable detection method.

A chromogenic substrate method was employed to compare the effects of using ultrapure water versus MTB buffer for plasmin substrate preparation.

The MTB buffer group demonstrated superior performance in terms of absorbance parallelism, spike recovery rate (113%~126%), and plasmin activity measurements compared to the ultrapure water group (spike recovery rate 141%~152%, exceeding the standard range).The MTB buffer provided an optimal pH (7.6±0.1) and a stable ionic environment, significantly improving the accuracy and repeatability of the detection.

This study offered an optimized solution for the precise detection of plasmin in dairy products, providing guidance for enhancing quality control in the dairy industry.

This study conducted a diversity analysis of the fungal communities in raw milk of the bactrian camel and the environment where they are raised. The aim was to clarify the structure and distribution characteristics of the fungal communities, explore the impact of fungi on the quality of camel milk, and provide scientific basis for ensuring the quality and safety of camel milk and optimizing the breeding environment.

In this experiment, raw camel milk samples, temporary storage tank milk samples, and milk tanker milk samples from camels, as well as six sets of samples each for feed, forage, and bedding soil, were collected from three camel breeding cooperatives. The ITS 1 amplification sequencing technology was used to analyze the fungal community structure and diversity of the camel milk group and environmental group samples.

A total of 5 476 597 raw sequences and 4 580 307 valid sequences were obtained from 18 sample. 80 251 ASVs were identified. The main dominant fungal genera in raw milk samples was Acrogenospora, followed by Trichosporon. In the environmental group, the dominant genus was Aschersonia, in the forage was Aspergillus, and in the soil pad was Acrogenospora. In the camel milk group and the environmental group, the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Compared with the camel milk group, the fungal diversity in the environmental group showed significant differences (P<0.05). There were certain differences in the fungal community structure among different sampling sites, and the community structure and abundance were significantly different.

There were significant differences in the diversity of camel milk and environmental fungi among the three camel breeding cooperatives. Some fungi could degrade the proteins and fats in camel milk, thereby affecting the quality of the milk. The composition of the camel milk fungal community is closely related to the breeding environment and there is a risk of cross-contamination. Therefore, trengthening environmental control and fungal monitoring can effectively ensure the quality of camel milk.