In the development of animal husbandry, cold stress during winter is a critical issue constraining the healthy production of dairy cows.Cold stress leads to reduced feed intake, as well as significant declines in milk yield, reproductive performance, and overall health status.This paper analyzed the impacts of cold stress from dimensions such as milk production, behavior, and reproductive performance, and proposed comprehensive mitigation measures, including physical insulation （such as optimizing barn structure and increasing bedding）, nutritional regulation （such as supplementing high-energy feed）, and environmental control.These strategies provided technical references for ensuring the healthy and efficient production of dairy cows during winter.

cow  /  cold stress  /  production performance  /  physical insulation  /  nutritional regulation