[Objective]To establish an accurate and rapid detection method for sensory odor of raw milk and provide technical support for its quality control.[Method]Due to the wide application advantages of electronic nose technology in the fields of dairy adulteration detection,component analysis,and odor research on quality changes during processing and storage,this study adopted a comprehensive analysis strategy combining electronic nose technology with traditional instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation to carry out raw milk quality detection experiments.[Result]Electronic nose technology showed significant advantages in raw milk quality detection：it could quickly identify abnormal samples,effectively avoid errors caused by subjective human factors,and greatly improve the efficiency of practical detection operations.The detection data of 10,230 raw milk samples from pastures from March to December 2023 showed that the overall compliance rate reached 91.6%,and the non-compliant samples detected by electronic nose were verified by artificial sensory evaluation with a compliance rate of 100%.[Conclusion]A spectral model of normal raw milk was constructed through multiple experiments.By comparing with the spectral model of abnormal samples,the characteristic volatile compounds in abnormal raw milk（such as 3-ethyl-2-methylpyrazine in sour samples and ethanol in bean-flavored samples）were identified,providing a scientific and reliable detection basis for the sensory quality evaluation of raw milk.

[Objective] To understand the epidemic status of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis （IBR） in large-scale dairy cattle farms in Shanghai from 2020 to 2024,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of IBR in this region. [Method] From 2020 to 2024,2 520 bovine serum samples were collected from cattle not vaccinated against IBR in 5 large-scale dairy farms located in 5 districts of Shanghai. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect IBR gE antibodies and IBR gB antibodies in the serum. SPSS 27.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the test results,and the Chi-square test was applied to analyze the significance of differences in IBR virus antibody detection results among large-scale dairy farms in different districts. [Results] From 2020 to 2024,the overall positive rate for IBR gE antibodies in the tested serum samples was 25.7%,and the overall positive rate for IBR gB antibodies was 27.3%. Over the five years,the overall positive rates for both IBR gE and IBR gB antibodies showed a fluctuating upward trend. There were highly significant differences （P<0.01） in the positive rates of IBR antibodies among dairy farms in different districts. Chongming District had the highest positive rates for both IBR gE antibodies （57.2%）and IBR gB antibodies（74.4%）. Among cattle of different ages,adult cattle had the highest positive rates for IBR gE antibodies （36.2%） and IBR gB antibodies （32.9%）,while calves had the lowest positive rates for IBR gE antibodies（14.1%） and IBR gB antibodies（16.0%）. [Conclusion] From 2020 to 2024,IBR was prevalent to varying degrees in large-scale dairy cattle farms in Shanghai. Monitoring and control measures for IBR should be further strengthened,especially in high-infection-rate areas such as Chongming District and Jinshan District,where differentiated prevention and control strategies need to be adopted to effectively control the transmission and prevalence of IBR.

[Objective] Aiming at the problems of complex composition of cheese sticks,cumbersome operation of traditional detection methods,and easy introduction of harmful chemicals,this study aimed to optimize the detection method of aflatoxin M₁（AFM₁） in cheese sticks. The core goals were to reduce the use of harmful chemicals,simplify operation steps,and improve detection accuracy and efficiency. [Method] Methanol was used as the extraction medium instead of traditional dichloromethane. By optimizing the pretreatment process （sample weighing,extraction,concentration and reconstitution）,combined with the Prognosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit for detection; the recovery rate,relative error and operation efficiency of the method were systematically evaluated by verifying spiked samples with different concentrations such as limit of quantification （LOQ）,2-fold LOQ and 5-fold LOQ. [Result] In the optimized method,the recovery rate of AFM₁ was stably between 70% and 120%,which met the requirements of GB/T 33411—2016 General Rules for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kits; the relative error was controlled within ±25%,which complied with the standard of SN/T 2775—2023 Evaluation Method for Commercial Food Detection Kits.The pretreatment time was shortened from 70 min of the traditional method to 25 min,and the operation steps were simplified from 4 steps to 2 steps. [Conclusion] The optimized methanol extraction-ELISA detection method has good extraction effect,detection accuracy and efficiency,can meet the batch detection needs of dairy enterprises,and provides accurate and reliable technical support for the detection of AFM₁ content in cheese sticks.

[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the pretreatment steps of the microbiological rapid detection method for coliforms in frozen desserts using the Soleris microbiological rapid detection system,with the results of the traditional national standard plate counting method for coliforms as the calibration dataset,and to establish a regression calibration curve for coliforms,providing efficient technical support for microbiological detection of frozen desserts.[Method] First,the pretreatment processes for dairy-containing and non-dairy frozen desserts were optimized and unified: 25 g of melted and mixed samples were placed in 225 mL of sterile diluent,and the pH was adjusted to 6.7±0.2 if necessary.Then,the Soleris microbiological rapid detection system and the traditional national standard plate counting method （GB 4789.3—2016） were used to simultaneously detect coliforms in frozen desserts,and the applicability of the Soleris system was verified by comparing the detection results of the two methods.[Result] The detection rate of the Soleris microbiological rapid detection system for 30 samples with different pollution levels reached 100%,with no false positive or false negative results. The regression calibration curve of the detection results was y=-0.405 3x+6.061 9 （R²=0.869 6）,indicating a significant negative correlation between the Soleris detection time and the number of coliforms. Repeatability verification showed that the maximum intra-group relative standard deviation was only 3.4%,indicating good system stability.[Conclusion] On the basis of maintaining the characteristic of "negative correlation between positive warning time and the number of target microorganisms",the optimized Soleris microbiological rapid detection system significantly shortens the detection cycle （warning time 7.2~11.9 h）,effectively reduces the detection workload and improves the detection efficiency,which can meet the needs of rapid quality control in the production process of frozen desserts.

Mongolia is a country where animal husbandry serves as the primary economic sector,with dairy cattle being one of its key livestock breeds,and dairy products constituting a major part of the local diet. Over the past decade,Mongolia's dairy cow inventory has shown steady growth. The main processed dairy products include liquid milk (skimmed milk) and yogurt,with per capita apparent dairy consumption comparable to that of developed countries such as the United States and Germany,significantly exceeding the global average. In terms of trade,Mongolia is a net importer of dairy products,though its import volume remains relatively small. The primary imported categories are whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder,mainly sourced from Belarus,New Zealand,Russia,and Germany. Dairy trade cooperation between Mongolia and China has been limited,with Mongolia beginning to import a certain quantity of whole milk powder from China in 2022. Historically,China and Mongolia have maintained long-standing trade relations in livestock products. The two countries possess absolute geographical proximity and relative price competitiveness in dairy trade,indicating significant potential for future cooperation,particularly in whole milk powder and fresh milk.

As a core course in Animal Science,Animal Breeding plays a vital role in supporting the development of New Agriculture and serving the national strategy of Seed Industry Revitalization.To address the challenges of fragmented and superficial ideological and political education in traditional teaching,this study draws on curriculum reform practices at Hunan Agricultural University to construct a three-in-one ideological and political education framework integrating knowledge transmission,competence cultivation,and value guidance. The framework emphasizes a five-dimensional educational philosophy of cultural inheritance,confidence building,rooted development,security awareness,and innovation promotion. Through restructuring teaching objectives,optimizing knowledge systems,and embedding ideological elements in a modular manner,a closed-loop teaching mechanism of curriculum knowledge points-ideological elements-teaching tasks was established. Participatory teaching approaches such as flipped classrooms,project-based learning,and case discussions were systematically implemented. In combination with virtual simulation and university-enterprise collaborative practice,the course content was closely aligned with industry needs and national strategic goals. A multidimensional assessment system was employed,highlighting students’ ideological expression,problem-solving ability,and sense of social responsibility. Results indicate that this approach effectively enhances students’ professional competence and value identification,forming a replicable and scalable model for ideological and political integration in animal science education.

[Objective]Tibetan kefir grains（TKGs）,as a traditional fermented product with a long history in Tibet,China,hold a unique position in folk dietary culture.The aim of this study was to utilize metagenomic sequencing technology to analyze the microbial composition and probiotic functions of TKGs,providing a basis for their development and utilization.[Method]TKGs samples were collected from Linzhi,Tibet. After cultivation and DNA extraction,a metagenomic library was constructed by high-throughput sequencing,and bioinformatics analyses were performed using multiple databases.[Result]The sequencing data had high quality and the assembly was successful. Bacteria were the dominant microorganisms in TKGs,with the Lactobacillus group being predominant. Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens accounted for 54% of the total microorganisms,and there were also a small amounts of viruses,eukaryotes and archaea. Lactobacillus phage Llun1 accounted for 5% of the viruses,and Kazachstania exigua accounted for 68% of the fungi. Functional gene annotation revealed that the microbial strains exhibited vigorous metabolic activity,with 1477 genes related to carbohydrate metabolism pathways.The strains also demonstrated strong capabilities in environmental information processing,with 934 genes associated with membrane transport and 503 genes related to signal transduction pathways. While the proportion of genes related to bacterial infectious diseases was relatively low at 12,there were 265 genes associated with antimicrobial drug resistance.Annotations from the CAZy and eggNOG databases revealed that the strain had outstanding carbohydrate metabolism capabilities and overall high metabolic activity.[Conclusion]Metagenomic sequencing had revealed the microbial composition and probiotic functions of TKGs.This study not only emphasized the potential value of TKGs as a natural source of probiotics but also provided a scientific basis for the development and utilization of their probiotic functions.

[Objective] Corn silage is a silage with high annual demand in dairy farms in Northeast China. Rapid and accurate evaluation of its nutritional indexes provides strong data support for the formulation of precise feeding formulas. [Method] In this study,120 corn silage samples were selected as the calibration set,and 30 as the validation set. Based on the previously established prediction models for dry matter （DM）and starch of fermented corn silage in different sample states （wet base, dried and crushed）,the database was further maintained. Meanwhile,near-infrared prediction models for crude protein （CP）,neutral detergent fiber （NDF）,and acid detergent fiber （ADF） of fermented corn silage in different sample states were established for the daily nutritional detection of fermented corn silage in dairy farms in Northeast China. [Result]（1）The established prediction models for CP,NDF,and ADF of fermented corn silage in different sample states could all predict the nutrition of fermented corn silage,and the actual prediction effect of CP was better than that of other nutritional indexes.（2）The prediction model for nutritional components of fermented corn silage after drying and crushing had better actual prediction effect than that of wet-based fermented corn silage.The NDF prediction model for wet-based fermented corn silage needed further data collection and optimization. [Conclusion] The near-infrared prediction models for CP,NDF,and ADF of fermented corn silage established in this study can be applied to the practical prediction of daily fermented corn silage in dairy farms in Northeast China,and the prediction model for dried and crushed samples is more effective.

Neosporosis caused by Neospora caninum is a protozoan disease that can affect a variety domestic animals and is distributed worldwide. Dogs are the definitive hosts,and some animals such as cattle,sheep,and horses can be intermediate hosts. This disease is particularly harmful to cattle,mainly causing decline in meat quality,abortion,stillbirth,and neurological diseases in newborns,bringing severe economic losses to the global cattle industry every year. The routes of transmission for Neospora caninum include vertical and horizontal transmission,vertical transmission is the main route of transmission,which can make Neospora caninum maintain multiple generations in cattle populations. For preventing the vertical transmission of bovine neosporosis,first of all requires preventing pregnant cows from being infected with Neospora caninum,in addition,requires strictly controlling and managing dogs on the farm and taking biosecurity measures to control horizontal transmission. The aim of this paper was to discuss the mechanism of vertical transmission of bovine neosporosis,the harm of vertical transmission,as well as the control measures,to provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of bovine neosporosis in production practice.

In the third quarter,as consumption entered the off-season,milk prices continued to decline slightly,hitting a new low for the year. Boosted by the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays,milk prices experienced a slight rebound at the end of the quarter. The semi-annual reports of dairy companies were released,showing revenue declines but profit growth for most,reflecting a cautious approach to market investment during the industry's downward cycle. This paper analyzed the dairy market in the third quarter from a third-party perspective,aiming to provide reference value for dairy companies to understand the current industry situation. The main contents of this paper include：the fundamental industry situation in Q3,an interpretation of the 2025 semi-annual reports of listed dairy companies,an analysis of industry/company dynamics in Q3,and an analysis of key new product launches in Q3.