To investigate the effects of a compound plant-derived additive (formulated with rosmarinic acid, carvacrol, and tea polyphenols at a ratio of 1:3:1) on growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, and rumen microbiota of weaned lambs, and to provide a theoretical basis for its application in dairy goat farming.

A total of 120 healthy 50-day-old weaned Saanen dairy goats were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, each with 60 lambs (10 replicates, 6 lambs per replicate). The control group was fed a basal diet, while the treatment group received the basal diet supplemented with 5.0 g/kg of the compound plant-derived additive. The trial lasted 90 days. Growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and the relative abundance of rumen microbiota were measured.

Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed significant increases in final body weight (16.90%) and average daily gain (38.89%) (P<0.05), and a significant decrease in feed-to-gain ratio (26.48%) (P<0.05). Serum levels of triglyceride (TG), globulin (GLB), and total protein (TP) were significantly increased by 95.83%, 27.72%, and 16.09%, respectively (P<0.05). The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospira, and other rumen bacteria were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while that of Succinivibrio was significantly increased by 132.87% (P<0.05).

The addition of the compound plant-derived additive to the basal diet of weaned lambs can significantly improve growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and rumen microbiota composition, indicating good potential for application in dairy goat production.

In response to the problems of traditional portable pH meters in dairy enterprises during raw milk acceptance, production process control, and finished product quality testing, such as the probe being prone to collision damage, inaccurate positioning of the folding and storage mechanism, easy loosening and deviation during use, complex operation, and difficulty in balancing portability and stability, a new type of pH meter integrating a folding storage function and a mechanical self-locking limit structure was designed.

The device mainly consists of a detection host, a storage slot, a folding storage mechanism, a stirrer, a detection probe, and a limit structure. The limit structure forms a linkage system through a push rod, a rack-gear transmission component, a return spring, a screw transmission component, a sliding arm, and a fixing rod, achieving one-key unlocking, automatic reset, and reliable locking functions.

Structural analysis and principle verification show that this design enables the folding storage mechanism to achieve precise positioning after deployment without significant shaking or deviation, and a compact structure after storage that effectively protects the sensing components. The overall operation is simple, the transmission is smooth, the locking is reliable, and it can significantly improve the stability and data repeatability during dairy testing, as well as extend the service life of the equipment.

This portable testing instrument is suitable for typical dairy industry scenarios such as laboratory analysis in dairy enterprises, rapid on-site testing in production, and outdoor sampling on pastures, providing a practical new idea for the structural optimization of portable water quality and physiochemical testing instruments in the dairy industry.

To enhance the comprehensive utilization of sea-buckthorn and enrich the variety of yogurt products, a formula and processing method for a stirred-type sea-buckthorn yogurt fermented with Kefir strain were developed and optimized.

The sensory evaluation was used as the evaluation index. The brand of sea-buckthorn juice and the fermentation bacteria were selected through single-factor experiments. The L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal test was used to optimize the addition amounts of sea buckthorn juice, white sugar, and stabilizers.

The optimal formula was determined as: 2.0% of Daoyulishi sea-buckthorn juice, 7.0% of white sugar, and 0.4% of stabilizer. The fermentation bacteria selected was the Kehan Senkei Kefir strain A2. The fermentation was carried out at 32 ℃ for 12-13 hours until the final acidity was (75±2) °T. The prepared sea-buckthorn yogurt had uniform texture, delicate taste, pleasant sourness and sweetness, and rich fruit aroma. The physicochemical and microbial indicators all met the national standards.

The process conditions were stable and feasible, and can provide a reference for the development of fermented dairy products with the characteristic flavor of sea-buckthorn.

In view of the practical difficulties of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms, such as concentrated introduction risk, high transmission efficiency, serious occupational exposure, huge economic losses and complicated prevention and control management, a set of scientific, efficient and comprehensive prevention and control and purification strategies was systematically constructed, which provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for the purification and sustainable development of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms.

Based on the successful experience of prevention and control of Brucellosis at home and abroad, combined with the production characteristics of large-scale dairy goat farms, a comprehensive technical system with biosafety as the core, accurate monitoring and phased purification, public health and personnel protection as the path was put forward by combining epidemiological risk analysis, literature review and case study.

Theoretical analysis and prevention and control practice at home and abroad proved that strictly implementing the trinity strategy of "monitoring-culling-biosafety" could effectively block the transmission chain of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms.Differential diagnosis techniques such as c-ELISA can accurately identify infected individuals.Supplemented by a sufficient compensation mechanism for culling, the farmers' willingness to cooperate will be enhanced. Through the continuous implementation of the purification scheme in stages.the positive rate of serum in sheep can be gradually reduced to zero.and the epidemic-free state can be maintained.and the reproductive performance and milk production level of sheep can be improved.

The prevention and control of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms is a systematic project.and the trinity principle of "monitoring-culling-biosafety" must be adhered to.This strategy is of great guiding significance to promote the purification of industrial diseases and public health security of dairy goats in China.

This study aimed to verify the antibacterial effect and clinical efficacy of Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang against pathogenic bacteria of bovine mastitis.

Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang, consisting of Taraxacum mongolicum, Forsythia suspensa, Akebia quinata, Vaccaria segetalis and Astragalus membranaceus, was prepared into liquid with a crude drug concentration of 1 g/mL by water decoction and concentration. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases were used to assess its in vitro antibacterial activity. Thirty bovines suffering from clinical mastitis were assigned into low, medium and high dose groups, while 10 healthy bovines were set as the control group. Intramammary perfusion was performed twice a day for 7 consecutive days. The clinical efficacy and variations of milk protein indicators were observed.

Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the three pathogenic strains. After 7 days of treatment, the effective rate and cure rate of the high dose group reached 88.2% (15/17) and 82.4% (14/17), respectively. Milk yield of all administration groups was higher than that of the control group. The levels of SA, ALT, AST and LDH in cow whey decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas lactose content barely changed.

Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang had prominent therapeutic effects on clinical bovine mastitis, which provided a safe and effective herbal preparation for the disease treatment.

Early weaning during the lamb suckling stage combined with supplementation of nutritionally adequate and easily digestible milk replacer powder is an important technical approach to improving lamb growth performance.

In this study, 23 healthy male lambs aged 20 days were randomly divided into three groups: the mother's milk group (naturally suckled by ewes), the commercial milk replacer powder group (fed with commercial milk replacer powder), and the self-formulated milk replacer powder group (fed with self-formulated milk replacer powder).

The weaning weights at 60 days of age in both the self-formulated milk replacer powder group and the commercial milk replacer powder group were significantly higher than that in the mother's milk group (P<0.05). The average daily weight gains during the periods of 50~60 days of age and 20~60 days of age were also significantly higher than those in the mother's milk group (P<0.05).The intake of milk replacer powder in the self-formulated milk replacer powder group was significantly higher than that in the commercial milk replacer powder group at all ages (P<0.05).The diarrhea rate of lambs in the self-formulated milk replacer powder group was 9.13% lower than that in the commercial milk replacer powder group and 5.13% higher than that in the mother's milk group. There were no significant differences in body length and chest circumference among the groups at any stage (P>0.05);however, the body height and cannon circumference of lambs in the self-formulated milk replacer powder group at 40 days of age were significantly higher than those in the commercial milk replacer powder group and the mother's milk group (P<0.05).

Economic benefit analysis showed that the self-formulated milk replacer powder group had the highest economic returns. Supplementation with self-formulated milk replacer powder can significantly improve lamb growth performance, reduce diarrhea rates, meet the nutritional requirements for lamb growth and development, and provide good economic benefits, offering an effective reference for optimizing early weaning techniques in lambs.

To investigate the effects of estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) technology on the conception rate of dairy goats, providing technical support for improving breeding efficiency and standardized development of the industry.

A total of 3 805 breeding does from 37 dairy goat farms in Longxian County, Shaanxi Province, were studied.Two breeding methods were compared: ①natural estrus+AI; and②estrus synchronization (using intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluorogestone acetate combined with PMSG and PG hormone treatments) +AI.The conception rate was determined via ultrasound pregnancy testing, and the effects of farming methods, insemination sites, breeding timing, and other factors were analyzed.

The average conception rate in the estrus synchronization+AI group was 71.56%, significantly higher than that in the natural estrus group (68.56%).The optimal combination was semi-grazing and semi-penned farming (73.10%), cervical insemination (74.39%), and breeding in August (75.49%).

Estrus synchronization technology can significantly improve the conception rate of dairy goats, with its effectiveness influenced by farming models, operational protocols, and seasonal factors.Tailored implementation plans are recommended to promote high-quality industry development.