To explore the effects of two distinct PM_2.5 exposure patterns on alveolar macrophages activation in rats, namely long-term low-concentration continuous exposure and high-concentration intermittent exposure. The rats were divided into three groups: a blank control group, a 4-fold concentrated PM_2.5 continuous exposure group (4FC group) and an 8-fold concentrated PM_2.5 intermittent exposure group (8-FI group). Exposure was facilitated using a whole-body dynamic exposure system over 84 days. The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The oxidative stress indexes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by colorimetry. The mRNA levels of M2 polarization markers in lung tissue were measured by RT-qPCR. The protein expression levels related to the PI3K/AKT and JAK1/STAT6 signaling pathways, which are involved in macrophage activation, were assessed by Western blot. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the experimental group showed obvious symptoms of lung injury, accompanied by a significant elevation oxidation index in BALF. The mRNA levels of M2polarization marker and the protein expression of PI3K/AKT and JAK1/STAT6 signaling pathways were significantly upregulated, with the 8FI group showing higher levels than the 4FC group. These findings demonstrate that long-term inhalation of PM_2.5 can promote the activation of alveolar macrophages via the stimulation of the PI3K/AKT and JAK1/STAT6 signaling pathways, ultimately leading to lung injury. And intermittent inhalation of PM_2.5 with high concentration has a more serious effect on alveolar macrophages activation than continuous inhalation to low concentration. At the cellular level, the effect of PM_2.5 on alveolar macrophages activation and related signaling pathways were further verified.

The development of the heart in zebrafish embryos was examined after exposure to different concentrations of thiabendazole (TBZ) solution (0.06, 0.6, and 6mg/L). The levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of genes related to cardiac development were assessed. The results indicated that exposure to the high concentration of TBZ (6mg/L) caused severe cardiotoxicity, including pericardial edema and a reduced heart rate in zebrafish embryos. This concentration also induced significant oxidative stress in the heart, leading to a large number of apoptotic cells and marked changes in the expression of cardiac development-related genes (gate4, nppa, sox9b, vmhc), as well as apoptosis-related genes (bcl2, bax, puma, p53). These findings suggested that TBZ induced cardiotoxicity by disrupting the normal expression of genes involved in cardiac development, generating oxidative stress, and triggering apoptosis.

The effects of PM_2.5 and its constituents (SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, OM, BC) on fasting blood glucose and lipid levels in the short-term were examined in the “Jinchang Cohort”. The daily average concentrations of PM_2.5 and its constituents from 2010to 2015 in Jinchang City were sourced from China's Near Real-Time Air Pollutants dataset. Individual exposure was determined by matching the study subjects' residential addresses with pollution data. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the short-term effects of PM_2.5 and its constituents on glucose and lipid indicators. Generalized additive mixed models were used to create exposure-response curves and perform stratified analyses. The findings showed that PM_2.5 and its constituents had delayed effects on blood glucose and lipid levels. Specifically, higher concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, and OM correlated with increased levels of FPG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C, while TG showed a decrease. PM_2.5 and SO₄^2- exhibited more pronounced effects on fasting blood glucose levels in males, whereas PM_2.5 and its five components had more significant impacts on lipid levels in females, individuals aged 60 years or older, those who are overweight or obese, individuals in prediabetic stages, and those with hypertension. Therefore, short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and its components correlates with abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels in the population. Thus, various high-risk groups should adopt self-protection measures accordingly.

Water pollution incidents were collected, and the characteristics of the incidents and their impact on population health were summarized. The types of water pollution incidents were classified as industrial pollution, agricultural pollution, and urban pollution. Industrial pollution were primarily caused by anthropogenic emissions and contaminant leakage. The pollutants were primarily heavy metals and chemicals. These pollutants were not usually directly affecting human health but resulted in the most economic losses once they occurred. Agricultural pollution, encompassing arable land pollution and animal husbandry pollution, was leading to economic losses with no serious health damage being caused. Urban pollution was being closely related to human health, and the health consequences caused by microbial pollution were the most frequent, primarily acute damage. The physiological and psychological health of the population were affected after the occurrence of the pollution incidents. Limited research had been conducted on residual water pollution and its chronic long-term effects on public health. The health risk assessment of residual pollution was worth being explored.

By thoroughly investigating the strategic relationship between the beautiful China initiative and the construction of the economy, politics, culture, society, and ecological civilization, this paper first introduces the concept and connotations of the beautiful China initiative and then summarizes the current state of research on this initiative from five aspects: connotation theory, the target indicators, the path of tasks, practical exploration, and the initiative’s guarantee system. In general, this research has effectively supported the formulation and implementation of the beautiful China initiative strategy. This paper concludes by pointing out the needs and prospects of research on the beautiful China initiative for the construction of an ecological civilization, including deepening research on the ideological connotations and theoretical system of the beautiful China Initiative, as well as strengthening the strategic objectives and indicator system, strategic tasks and implementation paths, and practical integration and guarantee system of the beautiful China initiative. The results provide guidance for the comprehensive promotion of research on the beautiful China initiative.

This paper employed the multi-regional input-output (MRIO) to clarify the spatial and temporal evolution of the embodied pollutant emission patterns in China's interprovincial trade in 2012, 2015, and 2017. The structural decomposition analysis (SDA) model was applied to identify the socio-economic factors affecting the changes in pollutant emissions. The results showed that the areas with net pollutant export gradually shifted from those which have developed economic on the east coast to those have rich resources in the northwest. Moreover, the gap between provinces in net imports and exports of pollutants decreased. For example, the gap in SO₂ from 2012 to 2017 reduced by 63%. In addition, the increase of final demand was the main driver of the increase of emissions, with an average contribution of up to 669% to the emissions of the four air pollutants. The optimization of the energy consumption structure and the reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP effectively curbed the momentum of emissions increase. The average contribution of the energy consumption structure to the four pollutants decreased from -220.75% to -546.25%. Although the impact of production technologies is minor, its impact on emissions has shifted from a facilitating to a dampening effect. This study provides new insights for improving energy efficiency and developing a clean energy mix, which contributes to developing measures to mitigate demand-side pollutant emissions and coordinated regional trade policies.

This study examines the impact of cultural and tourism integration on green total factor productivity in China, utilizing provincial panel data from 2010 to 2021 and employing both static panel models and system GMM models. The findings reveal a nonlinear "U-shaped" relationship, where culture and tourism integration initially suppresses but ultimately enhances green total factor productivity, contingent upon achieving a preliminary level of coordination. Regional analysis shows that this "U-shaped"relationship is present only in the highly integrated eastern regions. Additionally, market environment and industrial agglomeration significantly moderate the relationship between culture and tourism integration and green total factor productivity. The advanced industrial structure emerges as the ultimate pathway through which culture and tourism integration fosters improvements in green total factor productivity. Based on these insights, targeted recommendations are proposed to promote culture and tourism integration, thereby empowering green total factor productivity.

The active manganese oxide (MnO_x) filter media was found to exhibit efficient catalytic oxidation performance in removing ammonia nitrogen and manganese pollutants from water, but it was lacking in stability for the removal of bisphenol A(BPA), and the interaction mechanism with other inorganic pollutants remained unclear. In this study, sodium persulfate (NPS) was used to enhance the effect of the activated filter material (FM) on the removal of BPA. The experiment revealed that the removal rate could be increased to over 80% with the addition of just 0.1mmol/L of NPS, and the removal efficiency was further improved as the NPS concentration increased, ultimately reaching 100%. The addition of NH₄⁺ and Mn²⁺ was found to increase the production of reactive species by promoting electron transfer and providing electrons, respectively, thus enhancing the removal efficiency of BPA. The cycling experiment demonstrated that, while the FM exhibited good stability, the removal rate dropped to 48% after 11consecutive uses; however, this rate could be maintained above 65% with the addition of NPS. Free radical quenching and EPR experiments, along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, confirmed that the primary reactive species in the filter material/NPS system were SO₄^·−, ·OH, and ¹O₂, with Mn(III) playing a crucial role in the catalytic oxidation process for removing BPA. The addition of NPS facilitated the formation of Mn(III), thereby promoting the removal of BPA.

More than 100 volatile organic compounds (including 36 carcinogens) were identified in the clothing-mediated thirdhand smoke (THS) by using a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). Significant differences were found in the component and amount for the THS released from different clothing material. Specifically, the amount of THS released from polyester was significantly lower than that released from cotton. Furthermore, the amount of THS released from clothing exponentially decreased as increasing time, and the decrease ratio was more than 80% after 30 minutes, suggesting that the clothing-mediated THS pollution could be reduced if the smokers stay outdoors for more than 30 minutes after smoking cigarettes. This study provided a useful method for the investigations of clothing-mediated THS pollution, deepening the understanding on the release characteristics of THS pollution from clothing, which should have great significance in reducing the THS exposure for non-smokers.

Based on the second level sounding data and routine environmental meteorological monitoring data from four regions(Chengdu, Yibin, Dazhou, and Chongqing) of the Sichuan Basin, during the winter of 2014~2017, combined with Mie scattering liDAR detection data in Chengdu during the same period, the boundary layer structure was identified by atmospheric extinction coefficient profile, and the evolution characteristics and pollution effects of atmospheric boundary layer inversion during haze weather were investigated. The results indicated that: Surface Layer Inversion (SLI), Mixed Layer Inversion (MLI), and Aerosol Boundary Layer Inversion (ABI) represented the three fundamental forms of boundary layer inversion. They showed a gradually weakened trend from bottom up and mark spatial variation among different regions. With the evolution of haze events from the formation phase to the persistence phase, the frequency of the three-layer inversions significantly increased. In the process, the intensity and thickness of SLI gradually decreased. However, the intensity and thickness of MLI exhibited quite opposite trend. In the meantime, the base height of MLI also decreased. The intensity and thickness of ABI fluctuated all the time. The coexistence and co-evolution of SLI and MLI not only strongly inhibited the vertical dispersion of ground pollutants, but also contributed to the increased near-surface humidity, which in turn induced the accumulation of particulate matter at the surface and enhanced aerosol hygroscopic properties, thereby reducing ground-level visibility. The above results revealed complex evolutionary patterns of boundary layer inversion during haze episodes in the Sichuan Basin from a new perspective and lay the foundation for integrated studies on the tropospheric lower-level inversion.