Based on the second level sounding data and routine environmental meteorological monitoring data from four regions(Chengdu, Yibin, Dazhou, and Chongqing) of the Sichuan Basin, during the winter of 2014~2017, combined with Mie scattering liDAR detection data in Chengdu during the same period, the boundary layer structure was identified by atmospheric extinction coefficient profile, and the evolution characteristics and pollution effects of atmospheric boundary layer inversion during haze weather were investigated. The results indicated that: Surface Layer Inversion (SLI), Mixed Layer Inversion (MLI), and Aerosol Boundary Layer Inversion (ABI) represented the three fundamental forms of boundary layer inversion. They showed a gradually weakened trend from bottom up and mark spatial variation among different regions. With the evolution of haze events from the formation phase to the persistence phase, the frequency of the three-layer inversions significantly increased. In the process, the intensity and thickness of SLI gradually decreased. However, the intensity and thickness of MLI exhibited quite opposite trend. In the meantime, the base height of MLI also decreased. The intensity and thickness of ABI fluctuated all the time. The coexistence and co-evolution of SLI and MLI not only strongly inhibited the vertical dispersion of ground pollutants, but also contributed to the increased near-surface humidity, which in turn induced the accumulation of particulate matter at the surface and enhanced aerosol hygroscopic properties, thereby reducing ground-level visibility. The above results revealed complex evolutionary patterns of boundary layer inversion during haze episodes in the Sichuan Basin from a new perspective and lay the foundation for integrated studies on the tropospheric lower-level inversion.