More than 100 volatile organic compounds (including 36 carcinogens) were identified in the clothing-mediated thirdhand smoke (THS) by using a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). Significant differences were found in the component and amount for the THS released from different clothing material. Specifically, the amount of THS released from polyester was significantly lower than that released from cotton. Furthermore, the amount of THS released from clothing exponentially decreased as increasing time, and the decrease ratio was more than 80% after 30 minutes, suggesting that the clothing-mediated THS pollution could be reduced if the smokers stay outdoors for more than 30 minutes after smoking cigarettes. This study provided a useful method for the investigations of clothing-mediated THS pollution, deepening the understanding on the release characteristics of THS pollution from clothing, which should have great significance in reducing the THS exposure for non-smokers.

Three Ru-based catalysts were synthesized using in-situ synthesis, impregnation, and deposition-precipitation methods in combination with MFI zeolites to investigate their catalytic oxidation activity toward propane (C₃H₈). The catalyst synthesized via the in-situ method, denoted as Ru@MFI, exhibited the highest low-temperature oxidation activity, achieving a 90% conversion rate at 270℃, along with remarkable thermal stability at high temperatures and hydrophobicity. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM), and temperature-programmed desorption of CO (CO-TPD), revealed that Ru confined within the MFI zeolite channels possessed the smallest particle size and highest dispersion, thereby increasing the number of active Ru sites. Further characterization using Raman spectroscopy and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) indicated that interactions between Ru and the MFI framework led to a redistribution of charge around Ru or oxygen, enhancing the reduction capabilities.Consequently, the Ru@MFI catalyst demonstrated superior propane oxidation activity. Additionally, the geometric confinement within the MFI channels maintained the stability and dispersion of Ru species during high-temperature calcination, effectively preventing Ru aggregation and further ensuring the catalyst's high-temperature thermal stability.

An innovative technique for extracting phosphorus and synthesizing high-purity vivianite from incinerated sewage sludge ash was explored in this investigation, which experienced three principal stages, including leaching with sulfuric acid, purification via resin adsorption, and crystallization through iron electrocoagulation. The optimal conditions for acid leaching of phosphate (PO₄^3-)from incinerated sewage sludge ash were examined by the response surface methodology, and the optimal operational parameters for the iron electrocoagulation process were determined by the Box-Behnken Design. The results indicate that phosphorus extraction efficiency of 92.80% was achieved at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 37.60mL/g, a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.125mol/L, and an acid leaching duration of 90.0min, the metal cations interfering with phosphate precipitation, such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, and Fe^2+/3+ were efficiently removed by 732cation exchange resin, all phosphorus was removed from the solution successfully during the iron electrocoagulation process at an initial solution pH value of 2.00, a current of 2.00A, and a reaction time of 30.0min, meanwhile, vivianite with a purity of 97.37% were synthesized. The outcomes show that the three-step method facilitates phosphorus recovery from incinerated sewage sludge ash. 61.44% of the phosphorus was retrieved as high-purity vivianite through the three steps; the recovery process costs 14.66yuan per kilogram product of vivianite and yields a profit of 30.68yuan.

Two typical PA membranes, m-phenylenediamine-trimesoyl chloride and piperazine-trimesoyl chloride, are introduced and their latest chlorine destruction mechanisms are analyzed in depth. On this basis, the chlorine-resistant modification methods for these two membranes are further discussed, including changing the monomer structure, intrinsic doping techniques, physical coating methods and chemical grafting methods. The latest research research advances in the field of chlorinated PA membrane remediation are briefly discussed, including the reduction method after initial chlorination and the remediation with repair agent after chlorination degradation. The analysis shows that the development of chlorine-resistant PA membranes is still facing great challenges, and the research on chlorine-resistant modification of PA membranes should be carried out without sacrificing its separation performance, taking into account all other properties of the membrane, and flexibly utilizing various modification methods.

Based on the ground-level ozone (O₃) data from provincial air quality stations and tropospheric HCHO and NO₂ column concentration data from TROPOMI, the spatial and temporal distributions, variation trends and precursor sensitivity of O₃ pollution in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2023 were studied by using the indicator method of O₃ generation sensitivity. The results showed that the concentration of O₃ columns in Hubei Province presented an overall upward trend. For the seasonal variations, the concentrations of O₃ and HCHO were higher in summer and lower in winter, while NO₂ was the opposite. For the spatial distributions, the concentration of O₃ column increased gradually from south to north, and the concentration of NO₂ and HCHO column increased in a stepwise manner from west to east. Through analyzing the spatial distributions of controlling factors for O₃, we found that O₃ generation in most areas of Hubei Province was controlled by NO_x from June to September, and only a small area was controlled by NO_x. Wuhan and its surrounding urban areas in eastern Hubei Province belong to the VOCs-control area, the western Hubei region mainly belongs to the NO_x-control area, the rest of the areas mostly belong to NO_x-VOCs collaborative-control area.After 2019, O₃ generation in eastern Hubei Province has changed from VOCs-control area to NO_x-VOCs collaborative control area.

The denitrifying functional bacteria community plays a crucial role in the degradation of nitrate pollution. However, the understanding of the relationships between its interspecies links and nitrate load is still limited. Groundwater resources in the vicinity of Lake Taihu serve as vital reserves, yet in some areas, nitrate load in groundwater exceeds health thresholds. This paper focused on 14 groundwater samples with varying nitrate concentrations from the Lake Taihu area. With microbial sequencing techniques, the diversity of bacterial communities in groundwater was explored, and the denitrifying functional bacteria community was identified. The response of interspecies links within the denitrifying functional bacteria community to nitrate load was investigated by co-occurrence network analysis. The results indicate: Significant differences were found in bacterial community composition between high and low nitrate samples; The α-diversity and β-diversity were highly influenced by nitrate load; Interspecies links within the denitrifying functional bacteria community in the high nitrate samples were denser than those in the low nitrate samples. This study demonstrates that nitrate load in groundwater significantly influences the interspecies links within the denitrifying functional bacteria community, providing new insights into the interplay between groundwater denitrifying functional bacteria community and nitrate load in the Lake Taihu area.

A composite photocatalyst of bismuth oxybromide with oxygen vacancies covered by biochar (BC/OV-BiOBr, BOVB)was developed by hydrothermal method. Its photocatalytic performance was investigated with tetracycline (TC) as the target pollutant, and the catalytic effect was verified by dye pollutants. The results showed that 99.8% of tetracycline (TC) and 100% Rhodamine B(RhB) could be decomposed within 60min or 40min under visible light, of which degradation rates were 8.92 times and 9.82 times that of pure BiOBr, respectively. The degradation process of pollutants had strong resistance to pH change and low concentration co-existing ions. The results of phase characterization and photoelectrochemical performance test showed that the morphology was changed from flake to flower and the concentration of oxygen vacancies was increased after adding biochar, which were beneficial to improve the photoresponse and accelerate the charge transfer. Due to the synergistic effect between biochar and oxygen vacancies in driving the free radical chain reaction, the concentration of superoxide free radical (·O₂^-) in the system was increased, which was further transformed it into hydroxyl free radical (·OH), providing abundant strong oxidizing active species for pollutant degradation. In addition, good cyclic stability was certified by 5consecutive degradation experiments.

This study examined the vertical distribution of herbicide residues in 14 typical dryland soil profiles (0~100cm) from the black soil region of Northeast China. Residues from 57 different herbicides were measured across various soil depths to clarify their vertical distribution characteristics and influencing factors. The findings revealed that herbicide residue characteristics were primarily influenced by the application strategies under different land uses. Notably, nicosulfuron, a commonly used herbicide in cornfields, exhibited significantly higher residue levels in the 0~60cm soil layer compared to other herbicides. A negative correlation was observed between the herbicide's octanol-water partition coefficient (logK_ow) and its distribution ratio in the surface soil (0~20cm)(P<0.001), while a positive correlation was found between the herbicide's degradation period and its distribution ratio in the deep soil(80~100cm) (P<0.05). Additionally, soil pH was negatively correlated with herbicide residues in surface soils (P<0.05), and soil bulk density was negatively correlated with herbicide residues in deep soils (P<0.05). Summer rainfall was found to enhance the vertical migration of herbicides within the soil profile. These results provide crucial data and a scientific foundation for the mitigating, risk control and management of herbicide residues in the agricultural soils of China's black soil region.

This paper is based on simulation data from the "SD-PLUS-InVEST" coupling model, a collaborative evaluation method of regional green expansion and economic growth was developed and carried out at both economic belts and provincial scales. Then, the future simulation features, potential difficulties and new quality policy of realizing the targeted coordinated development were analyzed and discussed from perspective of "economic belt-province and city". The results showed that the land use type in the Yangtze River Economic belt was dominated by forest land, and the overall carbon storage quality indicated a downward trend from 2000 to 2030. The carbon service values under the scenarios of the ecological protection, the high-quality development and the high-speed development scenario decreased by 5.88, 17.664 and 38.303 billion yuan, respectively. Based on the synergy assessment of ecological expansion benefits and economic growth benefits, the level of synergistic development under the high-quality development scenario was optimal. Spatially, there were obvious differences in the level of coordinated development to some extent. Based on the comparative analysis of the mentioned difference characteristics, the targeted policy was proposed to improve quality in the regional synergistic development of green expansion and economic growth.

The degradation efficiency of various emerging pollutants by potassium ferrate (Fe(VI)) catalysed through magnetic biochar (MC) prepared using hydrothermal-calcination method was investigated. The reactive species in M-BC/Fe(VI) system and the effects of the dosage of M-BC, Fe(VI), pH value and natural organic matters on the degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole(SMX) were studied. The results indicated that the removal of SMX by alone M-BC (50mg/L) and Fe(VI) (50µmol/L) were 3.5% and 54.1% during 20min, respectively, while the M-BC/Fe(VI) system achieved an SMX degradation rate of 89.6%. Experiments with probe compounds and inhibitors confirmed that the primary reactive species in the system were intermediate valence iron(Fe(V)/Fe(IV)). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the main active sites on M-BC were surface phenolic hydroxyl groups. Under pH conditions of 8, increasing the dosages of Fe(VI) and M-BC enhanced the removal of SMX by the M-BC/Fe(VI) system. Compared to the alone Fe(VI) system, the degradation of SMX in the M-BC/Fe(VI) system was increased by 114%, 63.6%, 300%, and 350% at pH 7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. Low concentrations of natural organic matter (1mg/L) promoted the degradation of SMX by the M-BC/Fe(VI) system, but high concentrations of natural organic matter (5~10mg/L) competed with SMX for Fe(VI) and Fe(V)/Fe(IV) , leading to a decrease in the degradation efficiency of SMX. Additionally, the M-BC/Fe(VI) system achieved SMX degradation of 100% and 83.7% in spring and Yellow River water, highlighting its potential for practical application in water treatment process.